Engineering Specifications SP-93-1 -- Paint and Coatings

Albemarle Corporation - Engineering Standards

Approved by Laurie Davidson on 07/01/2014

Section: Engineering Specifications \Series SP-90 Special Items\ Paint and Coatings
Name: Number: Issue Date: ReIssue Date:
Paint and Coatings SP-93-1 01/30/97 07/01/2014

ITEM CONTENT

1. GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 COLOR SELECTION
1.3 OSHA COMPLIANCE
1.4 EPA COMPLIANCE

2. PREPARATION
2.1 STEEL
2.2 ANCHOR PATTERN
2.3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS
2.4 WOOD
2.5 CONCRETE
2.6 SURFACE PROTECTION

3. APPLICATION OF PRIMER AND PAINT

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
3.3 MIXING AND THINNING
3.4 METHOD OF APPLICATION

4. INSPECTION
4.1 VISUAL
4.2 THICKNESS
4.3 REJECTION

5. PAINT SYSTEMS
5.1 UNINSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, TO 200°F
5.2 UNINSULATED AND INSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, 200°F TO 400°F
5.3 UNINSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, 400°F TO 750°F
5.4 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, AMBIENT TO 200F
5.5 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, CRYOGENIC TO AMBIENT
5.6 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, 400°F TO 750°F
5.7 INSULATED STAINLESS STEEL TO 1000 F
5.8 LINED PIPING AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5.9 UNDERGROUND PIPING AND TANKS
5.10 EXPOSED STRUCTURAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL
5.11 FIREPROOFED STRUCTURAL STEEL
5.12 MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY EQUIPMENT
5.13 SAFETY SHOWERS
5.14 CONCRETE AND CINDER BLOCK - NON-CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
5.15 CONCRETE AND CINDER BLOCK - CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
5.16 TANK BOTTOMS
5.17 TANK FOUNDATIONS
5.18 WOOD
5.19 ALUMINUM
5.20 GALVANIZED SURFACES
5.21 NON-SKID

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6. FIELD TOUCH-UP

7. MAINTENANCE
7.1 TOUCH-UP
7.2 MAINTENANCE REPAINT
7.3 FULL REPAINT AND FIELD APPLIED COATINGS

8. COLOR CODING
8.1 RED
8.2 ORANGE
8.3 YELLOW
8.4 GREEN
8.5 BLUE
8.6 PURPLE
8.7 BLACK & WHITE
8.8 FLUORESCENT ORANGE
8.9 PIPING

9. ACCEPTABLE COATINGS BY MANUFACTURER

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Engineering Specifications SP-93-1 -- Paint and Coatings

1. GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE. This specification covers the general requirements for painting equipment,
piping, structures, vessels, buildings, and other surfaces for protection, safety marking,
decoration, or a combination of these requirements. Painting shall include surface
preparation, coatings application, inspection, and touch-up.

1.2 COLOR SELECTION. The finish colors should be selected based on local preference
or as specified. See Section 8 for safety color coding. Industry Gray is normally used
on process area piping, tanks, and equipment. White is used for compressed gas,
cryogenic vessels, and tank farm areas at some locations.

1.3 OSHA COMPLIANCE. All work done in the United States under this specification
shall be in strict compliance with the Williams/Steiger Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970 and all subsequent amendments.

1.4 EPA COMPLIANCE. The paint materials and handling procedures used in performing
work covered by this specification shall comply with the volatile organic compound
(VOC) restrictions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the laws of
the state and county where the work is done.

2. PREPARATION

2.1 STEEL. Preparation of steel surfaces shall conform to one of the following Society for
Protective Coatings (SSPC) methods as specified in the paint system to be applied.
Severely rusted and contaminated surfaces may require wet blasting or a water wash to
remove contaminates prior to abrasive blasting.

SSPC-SP-1 - SOLVENT CLEANING. Removal of all oil, grease, soil, salts, and other
contaminants by wiping, spraying, immersion, vapor degreasing, or cleaning with
steam, emulsions, or alkaline cleaners. Contaminated surfaces may require a high
pressure water rinse.

SSPC-SP-2 - HAND TOOL CLEANING. Removal of loose rust, millscale, paint, and
other foreign matter by hand chipping, scraping, sanding, and wire brushing after
solvent cleaning.

SSPC-SP-3 - POWER TOOL CLEANING. Removal of all rust, mill scale, paint and
other foreign matter by power tools after solvent cleaning.

SSPC-SP-6 - COMMERCIAL BLAST CLEANING. Blast cleaning, until at least 67%

of each element of surface area is free of all visible residue. Evenly dispersed light
discolorations caused by stains of rust, mill scale, or previously applied paint may
remain on 33% of the surface.

SSPC-SP-10 - NEAR-WHITE BLAST CLEANING. Blast cleaning, to nearly white

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metal cleanliness. Evenly dispersed discolorations caused by stains of rust, mill scale or
previously applied paint may remain on no more than 5% of the surface.

2.2 ANCHOR PATTERN. Unless specified otherwise by coating manufacturer or

Albemarle, the anchor profile shall be 2 to 2.5 mils for epoxy coatings and 1.5 - 2 mil
for Inorganic Zinc or Silicon coatings.

2.3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS. Blasting in areas that are in close proximity to operating
plant equipment and/or personnel, may require use of special procedures. Steps shall
be taken to prevent operating and safety problems that could result from on-site
blasting. When on-site blasting is required, and with Albemarle's approval, one or more
of the following special procedures shall be used.

a) Erection of curtains to prevent dust drifting into adjacent areas.

b) Limit on site cleaning to weld areas by shop or offsite blasting and priming of
equipment and piping prior to installation.
c) Wet abrasive blast cleaning.
d) Power or hand tool cleaning as an alternative to blast cleaning.

2.4 WOOD. Remove resin from knots and any existing paint in poor condition. Set nails
and prime. Putty or caulk all cracks, joints, and nail holes. Sand all sharp edges and
corners.

2.5 CONCRETE. Surface preparation and substrate condition shall be dictated by the
coating manufacturer's requirements. Concrete should be cured. In general, old
concrete surfaces shall be thoroughly decontaminated using commercial cleaner prior
to other preparation. Wire-brushing and scraping may be used to remove loose
particles. An abrasive sweep is recommended to open bug holes and create a good
anchor profile.

2.6 SURFACE PROTECTION. All instrument glass, gage glass, machined surfaces, and
flange faces shall be covered or coated with an easily removed lubricant or masking.
Where standard protection is impractical, an Albemarle approved alternate method may
be used. All such protection shall be removed upon completion of painting. All
rotating equipment in the area shall be thoroughly protected from abrasive blasting
media and dust.

3. APPLICATION OF PRIMER AND PAINT

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

a) Blasting and primer application shall be done on the same day. If the blasted steel
changes color or if rust bloom begins to form before priming starts, the surface shall
be reblasted.
b) All painting shall be done in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
All coats of paint shall be applied in a careful manner with good workmanship

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(without runs, drips, or sags) and shall be uniform in appearance.

c) The type of surface preparation, primer, coatings, and application thickness shall be
in accordance with Section 5 of this specification unless specified otherwise.
d) If a primer or intermediate coat is allowed to weather for an extended period,
beyond the recommended cure time, all contaminants which have collected on the
surface shall be removed by wire brushing, solvent cleaning, or high pressure water
flushing and drying.
e) Each coat of paint or primer shall be in a proper state of cure or dryness before the
application of the succeeding coat. Drying time shall be as recommended by the
manufacturer.
f) Contact surfaces of bolted connections shall receive one coat of primer before
assembly. Flange faces are to be protected.

3.2 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. Primer or paint shall not be applied when any of the
following conditions prevail unless approved by the manufacturer:

a) It is raining or snowing.
b) There is fog or mist at the piping or equipment.
c) The temperature is less than 5F above the dew point.
d) The temperature in the painting area is below 50F.
e) The temperature of the surface exceeds 145F.

3.3 MIXING AND THINNING

a) All ingredients in any container of paint shall be thoroughly mixed per

manufacturer's recommendations before use and shall be agitated frequently during
application to keep the paint in suspension. Dry or wet ingredients separately
packed shall be uniformly blended into paints per manufacturer's recommendations.

b) The use of thinners shall be minimized and only done in accordance to

manufacturer's instructions with respect to the type and quantity recommended.

c) Driers, in addition to those incorporated by the manufacturer, shall not be added to

the primer or paint unless specifically approved by Albemarle or the manufacturer.

3.4 METHOD OF APPLICATION. Unless a particular method of application is specified

by the manufacturer or Albemarle, paints may be applied by brushing, conventional
spraying, hot spraying, airless spraying, or roller coating. Contractors are responsible
for protecting neighboring equipment and piping in the area from over spray. Job bids
must indicate the method of application. Regardless of the method selected, the
equipment or tools for application must be suitable, adequate, clean and in good
working condition.

4. INSPECTION. Albemarle and the coating manufacturer's representative shall have access to
all areas of work, materials, and equipment at all times during the life of a contract governed
by this specification. Any acceptance by Albemarle shall not relieve the contractor of the

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responsibility of providing materials and work in full conformance with this specification.

4.1 VISUAL. Visual inspection of the surface or coating should be made prior to each coat
to determine the presence of contaminants such as dirt, salts, foreign matter, or defects
such as holidays, sags, runs, blisters, and alligatoring. These defects are cause for
rejection of the coating or coating system and shall be corrected as required by the
Albemarle Inspector.

4.2 THICKNESS. A properly calibrated gauge shall be used to determine thickness

applied. Wet film measurements should be such that the dry film thickness values
specified per section 5 are achieved. The total dry film thickness of a coating or system
shall be the sum of the specified thicknesses with tolerances as follows:

Specified Total
Total Thickness Tolerance

3 mils + 1 mil
4 to 5 mils + 2 mils
6 to 8 mils + 3 mils
9 to 12 mils + 4 mils

4.3 REJECTION. Albemarle reserves the right to reject any work that fails to meet this
specification. Rejected work shall be redone as specified by the Albemarle inspector.

5. PAINT SYSTEMS. Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings or the purchase order, all
painting done for the Albemarle Corporation shall conform to one of the following systems.
Painting materials shall be per section 9 or as specified or approved. All paints and thinners
used in a given application shall be from the same paint manufacturer. Systems referenced
for a particular location should be used at that location unless otherwise specified. Surface
preparation shall be per Para 2.

Corrosive environments are defined, for the purpose of this specification, as those areas
where the coated surface, through fumes, splash, or spillage, experiences chemicals having
pH values of less than 5.5 or greater than 10.

Note: DFT means Dry Film Thickness and SSPC represents Steel Structures Painting
Council.

5.1 UNINSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, TO 200°F

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-6,Commercial Blast

Primer Coat: Surface Tolerant Epoxy, 3-4 mils DFT
Intermediate Coat: Epoxy Mastic or Hi-Build Epoxy, 5-6 mils DFT
Top Coat:
a. Neutral and Acid Areas: H.S. Aliphatic Urethane, 3-4 mils DFT
b. Caustic and Solvent Areas: Hi-Build Epoxy, 3-4 mils DFT.

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Note: In cases where a very fast cure of the primer is required, an Inorganic Zinc Rich
or a fast cure epoxy primer may be used. Both primers require SSPC-SP-10, Near
White Abrasive Blast and shop conditions.

A single 3 - 7 mil coat of epoxy siloxane may be used instead of the intermediate and
top coats specified above.

5.2 UNINSULATED AND INSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND

EQUIPMENT, 200°F TO 400°F

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-10, Near White Metal

Single Coat: Epoxy Novalac, 7 - 9 mils DFT

5.3 UNINSULATED, CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, 400°F TO 750°F

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-10, Near White Metal

** Two Coats, Sherwin Williams Heat-Flex Hi-Temp 1200, 5 - 6 mils DFT per coat

5.4 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, AMBIENT TO 200°F

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-6, Commercial Blast

Single Coat: Epoxy Novalac, 7 - 9 mils DFT

Note: When insulation is required only for personnel protection, this primer shall be
top coated per Para 5.1. unless specified otherwise.

5.5 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, BELOW AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-10, Near White Blast

Two Coats: Sherwin Williams Heat-Flex Hi-Temp 1200, 5 - 6 mils DFT per coat
Paint should be applied before commissioning to prevent condensate from being
trapped beneath insulation on unprotected pipe/equipment.

5.6 INSULATED CARBON STEEL PIPING AND EQUIPMENT, 400°F TO 750°F

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-10, Near White Blast

Two Coats: Sherwin Williams Heat-Flex Hi-Temp 1200, 5 - 6 mils DFT per coat

5.7 INSULATED STAINLESS STEEL, TO 1000 F (Includes super-austenitics such as

AL-6XN and Alloy 20)

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-1, Solvent Clean

Two Coats: Chloride barrier coating such as Dampney, Inc. Thurmalox 70, or
equivalent, 2 mils DFT, applied and cured per manufacturer instructions.

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5.8 LINED PIPING AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. Unless specified otherwise,

lined piping and mechanical equipment shall be purchased with the manufacturers
standard primer and top coats. If additional protection specified, apply the following to
the manufacturer's standard coating:

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-2, Hand Tool Clean

Primer Coat: Surface Tolerant Epoxy, 5-6 mils DFT
Top Coat:
a. Neutral and Acid Areas: H.S. Aliphatic Urethane, 3-4 mils DFT
b. Caustic and Solvent Areas: Hi-Build Epoxy, 3-4 mils DFT.

Note: The additional primer coat is to be applied to the manufacturer's standard top
coat.

5.9 UNDERGROUND PIPING AND TANKS. Refer to Albemarle Spec SP-93-3.

5.10 EXPOSED STRUCTURAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL Structural and

miscellaneous steel in non-corrosive environments should be galvanized per ASTM
A123, with 2.3 oz. per sq.ft.

If top coating galvanized steel is necessary, see Para. 5.20.

Steel components of shops and warehouses should be galvanized per ASTM A123,
with 2.3 oz. per sq.ft. If economically feasible, prefabricated buildings with the
manufacturer's primer and topcoat may be used. If the manufacturer's standard coating
system is deemed unacceptable, the surface may be roughened to a surface profile of 1
mil followed by a primer and top coat per Para 5.1.

Note: A non-corrosive environment is one having fumage, splash, or spill chemicals

with a ph range between 5.5 and 10.

5.11 FIREPROOFED STRUCTURAL STEEL

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-6, Commercial Blast

Primer Coat: Hi-Build Surface Tolerant Epoxy, 5 mils DFT
Top Coat: Fireproof as specified.

5.12 MISCELLANEOUS SAFETY EQUIPMENT Safety equipment is to be purchased

with the manufacturer's standard coating system. If required painting shall be per either
para. 5.1 or 5.8 or 5.13.

5.13 SAFETY SHOWERS (unless specified otherwise)

Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP-2, Hand Tool Clean

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Primer Coat: Sherwin Williams B50W1 or equal, 1½ mils DFT

Intermediate Coat: S.W., Day Glo Blaze Orange or equal, 1½ mils DFT
Top Coat: S.W. Filter Ray, Clear Finish or equal, 1½ mils DFT.

Note: Failure to use the top coat of this system will severely hinder the coatings
performance and will require frequent repainting.

5.14 CONCRETE AND CINDER BLOCK - NON-CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS

Allow concrete to cure 28 days.

Surface Preparation: Clean as necessary and per manufacturer.
Primer Coat: Epoxy Ester Block Filler, 200-400 sq.ft. per gal.
Intermediate Coat: Interior: None
Exterior: Hi-Build Epoxy, 3-4 mils DFT
Top Coat: Interior: Hi-Build Urethane, 4 mils DFT
Exterior: H.S. Aliphatic Urethane, 2 mils DFT.

5.15 CONCRETE AND CINDER BLOCK - CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS. For

corrosive environments, determine what coating system is compatible. Allow concrete
to cure. Clean and prepare surface per manufacturer's requirements. Coat per
manufacturer's instructions and/or with manufacturer approved applicators.

5.16 TANK BOTTOMS. Carbon steel API tank bottoms shall be coated per Albemarle
Spec. SP-15-2.

5.17 TANK FOUNDATIONS. The top of concrete foundations and ring walls of flat
bottom tanks shall be coated per Albemarle Spec. SP-15-2 unless specified otherwise.

5.18 WOOD.
Surface Preparation: See para. 2.4
Primer Coat: Stain Resistant Wood Primer
Top Coat: Acrylic Latex as applicable; coat as necessary.

5.19 ALUMINUM. Painting aluminum surfaces should be avoided. If necessary, the

surface should have at least a 1 mil anchor profile, primed with a surface tolerant
epoxy, and top coated with either another coat of epoxy or polyurethane.

5.20 GALVANIZED SURFACES. Painting galvanized surfaces should be avoided. If

necessary, the galvanized surfaces should be solvent cleaned using a TSP wash
followed by water blast to remove all contaminants. Brush blast with a light grade of
abrasive to provide a surface profile of about 1 mil. Coat per para 5.1.

5.21 NON-SKID. When non-skid coatings are desired for concrete walking surfaces, the
following is recommended:
Prep Material: DuraPrep Prep 100, Concrete Etch
Coating: PPG Anti-slip Safety Flooring, 1 coating epoxy, Heavy Pedestrian/Light

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Rolling Grade, SFT625

6. FIELD TOUCH-UP. Clean all exposed metal per SSPC-SP-1 and either SSPC-SP-2 or 3.
Spot prime exposed substrate and apply top coats of original system as specified per section
5.

7. MAINTENANCE. To optimize lifetime painting costs, the following preventive

maintenance schedule is recommended:

Physical Signs Percent of Life Recommended Maintenance

Spot rusting at holidays and edges 25-50 Touch up
Primer exposed, minor surface rust 40-75 Maintenance Repaint
Severe surface rusting and pitting 100 Full Repaint

Note: Costs to repair a coating system increase with the severity of damage. The above
schedule will minimize maintenance costs associated with painting over the life of the plant
and equipment. Premature failure of a coating system or top coat requires review of
environment and application of top coat, see para. 5.1

7.1 TOUCH-UP. Clean all rust spots and exposed metal per SSPC-SP-1 and either
SSPC-SP-2 or 3. Spot prime exposed metal and apply top coats of original system
where needed.

7.2 MAINTENANCE REPAINT. Clean entire surface area per SSPC-SP-1. Prepare all
rust spots, peeling, or chipped areas per SSPC-SP-2 or 3. Spot prime exposed metal
with surface tolerant epoxy or appropriate coating for application. Top coat entire
surface per recommendations outlined in section 5.

7.3 FULL REPAINT AND FIELD APPLIED COATINGS. Clean and prepare entire
surface area and coat per appropriate system as outlined in section 5.

8. COLOR CODING. OSHA regulations require only the use of the red and yellow safety
colors. Safety green although not required by OSHA shall be used at Albemarle facilities for
the identification of safety and first aid equipment. The other safety colors may be used at
Albemarle locations depending on local conditions and preference. A summary of the
standard safety colors and their designated uses are as follows:

8.1 RED. For color identification of:

8.1.1 Fire Lines and Equipment. All fire protection equipment and apparatuses.
Galvanized surfaces should be coated per Para. 5.18.

8.1.2 Danger: Safety cans or other portable containers (excluding shipping containers)
for flammable liquids having a flash point at or below 80F TOC, danger signs.

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8.1.3 Stop: Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines, and stop buttons or electrical
switches for emergency stopping of machinery.

8.2 ORANGE. For designating dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment which
may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injure and to emphasize such hazards when
enclosure doors are open or when gear, belt or other guards around moving equipment
are open or removed exposing unguarded hazards.

8.3 YELLOW. For designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as: striking
against, stumbling, falling, tripping and "caught in between." Solid yellow, yellow and
black stripes, yellow and black checkers (or yellow with suitable contrasting
background) should be used interchangeably, using the combination which will attract
the most attention in the particular environment.

8.4 GREEN. For designating the location of first aid equipment (other than fire-fighting
equipment or safety showers).

8.5 BLUE. For water lines and designating caution. Limited to warning against the
starting of, the use of, or the movement of equipment under repair or being worked
upon.

8.6 PURPLE. For designating radiation hazards. Yellow should be used in combination
with purple for markers such as tags, labels, signs, and floor markers.

8.7 BLACK & WHITE. Black, white, or a combination of shall be the basic colors for the
designation of traffic and housekeeping markings. Solid white, solid black, single color
striping, alternate strips of black and white, or black and white checkers should be used
in accordance with local conditions.

8.8 FLUORESCENT ORANGE. Safety showers per para. 5.13.

8.9 PIPING. See SP-93-1 APPENDIX A for preferred paint colors.

9. ACCEPTABLE COATINGS BY MANUFACTURER

Ameron International Valspar Carboline Dampney Sherwin Williams

Inorganic Zinc Dimecote
Interzinc 2280 13-F-12 CZ11 Zinc Clad II
Primer EZ or 9FT
Surface Tolerant 385 or Interseal 670 V75 or
893SG Macropoxy 646 FD
Epoxy Primer 400 HS V89
Hi-Build Epoxy or 385 or Interseal 670 V75 or 893 or
Macropoxy 646 FD
Epoxy Mastic 400 HS V89 15 Low Odor
Aliphatic Amershield Interthane 990 V40 or HS Polyurethane
134HG
Polyurethane 450 H.S. HS V54 B65 Series
Epoxy Novalac# Thermaline
None None EPO-PHEN
(400F max) 450
Heat Resisting Thermaline Kem Hi Temp Heat
None 237 37-F-2

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Silicone (350F max) 4900 Flex II 400

Chloride Barrier Amercoat
Thermalox 70/70C Phenicon FF
Coating 90S
Epoxy Ester Block
400 BF 320 WB 46-W-8 Flexxide B42-W46
Filler

Note: A coatings manufacturer's representative may be consulted for large projects to improve schedule and cost.
Alternative coatings may be substituted provided the alternative meets or exceed the specifications and performance
criteria of those coatings referenced above. Approval by plant maintenance or engineering is required for use of
alternative coatings.

Information Property of Albemarle Corporation; For Internal Use Only!

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