32 Annotated Bibs

Melesko 1
Katie Melesko
Ms. Chawkat
Mentorship 1 Pd. 6
13 December, 2019
32 Annotated Bibliography Entries
Abdulqader, Oday Qusay, et al. "Effects of simplicity and complexity interior design strategies
in the identity of place." Advances in Environmental Biology, 2015, p. 173+. Gale
Academic OneFile Select,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A417473536/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=abbc9db
5. Accessed 26 Nov. 2019.
This article summarizes the authors’ research into how shape in interior and urban design
influences how observers experience and perceive the space. The authors used previous studies
and existing literature to propose a theoretical framework to explain the relationship between
shapes used in interior design and the basic geometric shapes from which they are derived. The
authors assert that their research is particularly important as technological advancements have
allowed designers to employ increasingly complex shapes, materials, and lighting in the interior
design process. The article makes an important contribution to the field by suggesting a
quantitative framework for analyzing shapes in interior spaces.
The authors are experts in the field. They are professors at the University of Malaysia
School of Housing, Building and Planning. All have advanced degrees in related fields like
architecture, industrial design, and urban planning. The article provides an e-mail address for the
corresponding author. The authors cite a wide range of existing literature and theory to support
their work from a variety of angles. The authors make clear that their view that technology is
creating the potential for such complex shapes that observers are alienated from the space around
them is an opinion. However, their work developing a quantitative framework for analyzing
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shapes is supported from multiple sources. The article is relatively current. It was first submitted
in October 2014, revised in December 2014, and published in February 2015. Currency is
important to this topic as research in the field continues to develop and the authors claims about
technology would continue to evolve. The source is accurate as it is peer reviewed and
corroborated by sources in the bibliography. The source is written for academics and
practitioners of interior design and architecture, and not for the general public. The source is
objective in drawing from multiples, established sources and in suggesting additional research be
done to expand on the authors’ work.
Ahmed, Shumaila, and Ayesha Ashfaq. "Impact of Advertising on Consumers' buying behavior
through Persuasiveness, Brand Image, and Celebrity endorsement." Global Media
Journal, vol. 6, 2013. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A368422506/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=d8f99ad
e. Accessed 21 Nov. 2019.
This article summarizes the results of the authors’ research into how various advertising
characteristics impact consumer behavior. The major findings are drawn from data collected
through a questionnaire given to 120 people. The authors conclude that persuasiveness, brand
image and celebrity endorsement are the most important factors contributing to consumers’
intentions to purchase a product. The article also provides an extensive overview of the evolution
of advertising from the ancient Egyptians to the modern era of online advertising. The authors
assert that technological advances have made advertising more powerful and persuasive. In
addition, citing third party research, the authors review the pros and cons of advertising. The
article contributes to the field of media and advertising by providing empirical data into the
impact of various factors on the likelihood of consumers to purchase a product.

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The source is authoritative as the authors’ both have advanced academic credentials in
the fields of media and communications. Both Ahmed and Ashfaq are PhD Fellows and lecture
in communications. Neither author includes contact information, but both list their university
affiliations and contact information was easily found for each online. The article covers multiple
sides of the issue including the pros and cons of advertising and detailed data collated from the
authors’ questionnaire. The source’s data is both comprehensive and interpreted. For example,
the questionnaire covered multiple advertising factors and the authors provide extensive
interpretation of the data. The report was published December 31, 2013 and is therefore
relatively current. The age of the article does not negatively impact its validity as consumer
behavior is unlikely to evolve quickly. Attention to the topic is both broad and deep. The authors
examine the historical views of advertising through multiple eras, the perceived negatives to
society and assumed benefits to consumers. The source appears to be accurate based on the
extensive bibliography, the credentials of the authors, the peer-reviewed status of the report. The
source is directed towards advertising and marketing professionals, not the general public.
Within the article, the authors provide specific advice to advertisers for making their advertising
more effective and therefore improve the ability of firms to connect positively with consumers.
Allen-Kim, Erica. "David Smiley: Pedestrian Modern: Shopping and American Architecture,
1925-1956." Building & Landscapes, vol. 22, no. 1, 2015, p. 99+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A422625984/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=d9e87aa
f. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
This article reviews the book Pedestrian Modern: Shopping and American Architecture,
1925 - 1956 by David Smiley. The book examines how the design of shopping centers evolved
to serve the emerging middle class especially as suburbs grew and the automobile became central
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to most Americans’ lives. Erica Allen-Kim, the article’s author, supports Smiley’s conclusion
that the emergence of the enclosed shopping mall solved the problem of how to transform
automobile drivers into engaged pedestrian shoppers. However, the article notes several
shortcomings in Smiley’s book, particularly a focus on white, middle class shoppers rather than a
more racially diverse sample of urban residents. The article contributes to the field of
architecture and urban design by examining Smiley’s research and conclusions, linking the
conclusions of the book to other established studies, and by suggesting areas for additional
research.
The author is a professor of architecture and urban design history, and is therefore an
expert in the field. The author’s biographical information includes the university at which she
teaches and where she can be contacted. The article is a thorough examination of the issues from
multiple sides and includes an extensive bibliography of additional research which is cited in this
peer reviewed article. The source is dated Spring 2015 and is therefore relatively current. The
source is accurate with corroboration from other sources. The article is not suitable for a general
audience. The author states that she is targeting the article to architects and historians who would
have a particular interest in urban design and the consumer.
BOONA, BERNARD. "moving your business ONLINE." Strategic Finance, Feb. 2000, p. 28.
General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A60007866/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=d50b
4c81. Accessed 8 July 2019.
This article analyzes the important factors a business owner or financial manager would
have to consider before opening their business online. Bonna believes there are three crucial
factors: control considerations, testing by end-users, and business continuity. Making sure the
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online business is in sync with the master system is an example of a control consideration.
End-users refer to a business’ customers and they need to be kept informed about the online
business. A business owner or manager would need to regulate how much access customers have
to their online shop. Business continuity refers to having an organized plan for any disasters that
could happen. In this way everyone working knows what to do and the impact on the business is
minimized. When taking an existing business online, business leaders need to analyze how much
power they want their customers to have when making decisions and how they will keep their
online data confidential.
This article is very authoritative because the author is Vice President and controller for
FutureSource/Bridge, LLC, which provides online information services. His professional
background is in finance and technology auditing. His contact information is not listed, but
because the reader knows where he worked during the time he wrote this article, it is reliable.
This article has broad and deep coverage of the security concerns surrounding the creation of an
online portal for customers as it covers both major areas of risk and specific considerations for
business leaders. It goes in depth when discussing control considerations, testing by end-users,
and business continuity. It is also broad because he does not pinpoint any businesses that should
or should not be online. It is very open and educational for all different types of businesses. For
example, the author does not specify any particular industry or type of business when discussing
the key elements to be considered when creating an online presence for a business. This article
was published and last updated in February 2000, however, the information presented is just as
relevant now. More businesses are adding online options such as tracking deliveries, making
appointments, or buying a new product. Today, more people are spending time shopping online
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than in stores. In addition, cybersecurity is an increasing concern as online thieves have become
more sophisticated and operate globally. This accurate source can be corroborated with other
authoritative sources addressing cybersecurity and the privacy of customer data. The purpose of
this source is for business leaders and professionals to analyze everything they should do and
know before taking their business online. The source is objective, as Boona does not use
personal pronouns in his article. This article is not for the general public, but for business
professionals and financial managers because Boona refers to “you and your staff” meaning that
the person has a relatively senior position within the organization. By highlighting the major
security risks of establishing and maintaining an online commercial presence, the author makes
an important contribution to business leaders considering a shift to internet selling or even
reviewing their current online operations.
Carlson, Ashley, and C. Christopher Lee. "Followership and social media marketing." Academy
of Marketing Studies Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, 2015, p. 80+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A424007022/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=6f2885b
f. Accessed 5 Dec. 2019.
This article summarizes the authors’ research into the effectiveness of customer
relationship management via social media, and the impact on consumer behavior. The article
also provides an extensive examination of existing literature and prior related studies. The
authors believe that social media allows marketers to connect deeply with customers and gain a
greater understanding of their target markets. In addition, the authors believe that social media
may help marketers uncover groups of consumers they previously had not considered targeting.
Their main study hypothesis was that the followership of various social media categories is
significantly related to different consumer factors including: demographics, communication,

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immersion, and sales. Based on a review of the existing literature at the time, no prior study
tested the effectiveness of social media marketing across the factors explored by the authors. The
article makes an important contribution to the field by helping businesses understand better how
they can use rapidly expanding social media platforms to enhance their marketing efforts and
ultimately improve profitability. The study results indicated that businesses should focus on
building their relevance and presence on social media as a means of building and sustaining
organizational success over the long-term.
The authors have credentials in the field, and have academic and professional experience
specializing in marketing. Carlson and Lee worked together on the study as a student and a
professor, respectively. The article does not list e-mail addresses for the authors, but they are
easily located through their university affiliation which is included. The research study was
based on a survey of college students which was designed to collect the data objectively and
allow an examination of all sides of the issue. Analysis of the issue is both broad and deep as the
study explored a wide range of factors which could impact the effectiveness of social media
marketing. The data is comprehensive and interpreted as the authors include both the quantitative
results of their study, as well as their analysis of the data. The source was published on January
1, 2015. The currency of the article is important as social media platforms and their influence on
users has developed quickly over the last two decades and continue to evolve. The accuracy of
the article is supported by its peer reviewed status and its extensive bibliography of academic
sources. The authors also site previous research which confirm various aspects of their results. In
addition, the article includes the quantitative results of the study which can be examined and
verified by peer reviewers or other academics. The authors state that their target audience is
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business leaders and marketing managers who can use the empirical evidence to support their
social media strategies. They appear very aware of their audience and include specific direction
to marketing managers on how to make use of the research results.
Davis, Laporchia, et al. "Nail art, nail care and self expression: Gender differences in african
americans' consumption of nail cosmetics." Fashion, Style, & Popular Culture, vol. 6, no.
2, 2019, p. 159+. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A580223134/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=697
92035. Accessed 10 July 2019.
This article explores African American college millennials’ attitudes towards nail fashion
as a way of expressing themselves. It looked at both African American women and men
attending college. The study was guided by asking the participants whether social media
influences what they buy, including nail products, and asked their views and experience with nail
fashion as a form of self-expression. The experiment was conducted by snowball sampling to
prevent bias, and the people being questioned knew what they were going to be asked and knew
that they were being recorded. If they felt uncomfortable with any question, they could choose
not to answer. Many of the females answered that getting their nails done was a form of
self-expression, and made them feel confident and feminine. On the other hand, the few males
who agreed to the experiment, answered that they received manicures and pedicures to maintain
hygiene. The article goes into a lot of detail when explaining everything regarding the study.
This article is very authoritative because Davis is an assistant professor and advisor in the
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences at Morgan State University where she teaches
fashion merchandising courses. She explores African American women’s appearance and has
even been featured in the New York Times where she discussed African Americans in the beauty
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industry. She also lists several different forms of communication for the reader to contact her.
The other authors are Khoza and Brooks. Dr. Khoza teaches fashion merchandising courses,
while Brooks conducts research on African American colleges. Together, they provide a very
reliable source. This article has broad and deep coverage. It is very broad because the study is
open to anyone at the selected college. It also includes both males and females. It also goes into
depth when discussing the procedures and results of the study. For example, she includes
wording from the recording of when they answered the questions. Their name and age is given as
well. This current article was published and last updated in March 2019, which is very recent.
Nail fashion has become a more common way of self-expression as unique techniques and
different embellishments can be added to nails. Modern nail care and nail fashion are becoming
more common, as celebrities and others share creative nail decorations on social media, allowing
others to get a similar design. Also, in the past nail salons seemed like a place for only women.
However, many nail salons today welcome anyone regardless of their gender. This accurate
source can be corroborated with sources stated directly within the article itself. For example, the
authors cite research studies that demonstrate how African Amerian women express themselves
through fashion, hairstyle and appearance. The purpose of this source is to explore African
American college millennials’ attitudes towards nail fashion and designs in relation to their
appearance and self-expression. The source is objective, as there is no use of personal pronouns
in this article. This article is not for the general public, but for researchers into gender differences
among African Americans, as well as for professionals looking for insights into how to market
effectively to African American millennials. The general public is unlikely to find the survey
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results useful. Overall, nail fashion is very important to many females and males in expressing
themselves.
Dewan, Pauline. "Reading in the Age of Continuous Partial Attention: Retail-Inspired Ideas for
Academic Libraries." Reference & User Services Quarterly, Spring 2019, p. 177+. Gale
In Context: High School,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599915949/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=54c5a4c
7. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.
This article summarizes the author’s research into how academic libraries can borrow the
best practices from retail and marketing to promote reading among college students. The author
provides evidence from extensive research about the cognitive importance of reading for
pleasure, and how modern devices and electronic interruptions are impairing our ability to read
deeply. While the author discusses how other literature has covered how libraries can attract
readers by expanding their online presence and providing innovative services and programs, the
author chose to focus this article on how librarians can attract readers using a library’s physical
layout and arrangement of books. The author asserts that libraries can deploy established
practices from the world of retail marketing to draw readers. The article makes an important
contribution to the field by providing cited extensive research from the field of marketing and
applying it to a library environment. The author recognizes that not all libraries have the funding
for a full make-over, so she provides cost-effective solutions that can actually be implemented
with a reasonable amount of effort. The author makes practical recommendations for library
layout, shelving, visual merchandising, making an emotional appeal, and the building exterior.
As a reference librarian at a major university, the author is an expert in library sciences
and the experiences of college readers. Her email is not provided, but the article lists her full
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bibliography and she can be easily contacted through her university employer’s website. The
article covers all sides of the issue, and provides extensive documentation. The article points out
common current library practices, how they discourage readers, and how marketing best
practices could be applied to improve reader engagement. The source was published in the
Spring of 2019 and is therefore very current. Currency is important since much of the digital
environment that is degrading our attention spans and ability to read deeply has developed only
recently. The source has an extensive and well-documented bibliography of academic sources.
The source is specifically written for and addressed to academic librarians, although many of her
findings would apply to community libraries as well.
Dieser, Rodney B., et al. "Decreasing patient stress and physician/medical workforce burnout
through health care; environments: uncovering the serious leisure perspective at mayo
clinic's campus in Rochester, Minnesota." Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 92, no. 7, 2017,
p. 1080+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A500823396/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=748a63d
The article summarizes the authors’ research into the hobbies of the founders of the Mayo
Clinic and literature on burnout and stress, as well as a case study of the Mayo Clinic’s campus.
The authors conclude that the Mayo Clinic’s architectural design and leisure programming
contributes to patient and staff happiness, as well as the highest staff retention rate of any
medical facility in the country. The authors cite research that leisure activities and connecting
with nature reduce stress and burnout. Finding these same qualities at the Mayo Clinic, the
authors assert that these qualities are responsible for the hospital’s good patient outcomes and
high staff retention, and that other medical institutions should pattern themselves on the Mayo
Clinic. While logical, it is possible that the authors are confusing coincidence for causation.
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While they suggest future research, they are not specific in recommending any particular studies.
While it would be unethical to test their hypothesis by purposefully denying leisure activities and
sunshine to patients and doctors, a parallel case study of a hospital setting that currently lacks
such positive attributes could yield interesting data. The primary contribution of the authors work
may be to detail the Mayo Clinic’s leisure programming and architectural design that could be
replicated by other hospital administrators seeking a similar environment.
The report is authoritative as the primary authors have PhDs and are professors of Leisure
at the University of Northern Iowa. The report was peer reviewed and includes an extensive
bibliography. The corresponding author provides full contact information including physical and
e-mail addresses. The authors are objective in stating that they are targeting their research at
hospital administrators interested in improving the patient experience and lowering medical staff
burnout. The report’s coverage is both broad and deep as the authors rely upon established, cited
research for the basis of their detailed case study and suggest practical applications of their
conclusions. The article appears to be accurate based on the academic credentials of the authors
and extensive citations. The article was published July 1, 2017 and is therefore very current.
However, currency does not seem to be critical to this research as the impact of leisure activities
on stress levels is not likely to vary over time. In fact, the article references publications from the
founding of the Mayo Clinic in the early-1900s that discuss the harmful effects of stress in
hospital settings. The article is targeted at hospital administrators interested in improving patient
care and reducing medical staff burnout. While not targeted at the general public, the article
provided a good overview of the current research on the impacts of leisure on stress levels, as
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well as the culture and philosophy of the Mayo Clinic, and therefore may be of more general
interest to some readers.
Dong, Zhang. "PARTICIPATION, INTERPRETATION, AND REPRESENTATION OF

LANDSCAPE DESIGN." Landscape Architecture Frontiers, vol. 7, no. 5, 2019, p. 90+.
Gale Academic OneFile Select,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A613923691/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=ca508c5
The article examines modern challenges in urban landscape design and the practical
barriers to creating beautiful, culturally relevant, functional landscapes. According to Zhang, if
designers fail to adequately observe users on site, then the landscape will not meet people’s
needs for social interaction and a sense of belonging. He asserts that landscapes should both
contrast humans and nature, but also tie the two together. Landscape designs need to be
site-specific, and take into account both the limitations but also the opportunities of the particular
location. Zhang believes that landscape design is increasingly ignoring aesthetics in favor of
concerns about ecological factors or the desire to incorporate public participation. The article
makes a contribution to the field by sharing the observations and experience of a practicing
landscape architect, by providing illustrations of the concepts being discussed, and by
challenging the profession to meet the needs of users while not ignoring the desire for beautiful
surroundings.
The author is a practicing partner in a large, Chinese landscape architecture firm and is
therefore an expert in the field. Zhang Dong also teaches landscape architecture at the university
level. The article contains contact information that would allow the author to be reached at his
design firm. The article conveys multiple sides of the issue, although the author is clearly
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representing his thoughts as opinions that are grounded in his and his firm’s real-world
experience. The source references actual landscape installations and illustrates them which
allows the reader to visualize the concepts being presented. The source was published in October
2019 and is therefore very current. The source does not have a bibliography, but was written to
present the author’s own views and experience. The article is not for a general audience. The
author directs the article to urban designers and landscape architects, and urges them to consider
the themes he presents in their own work.
Finley-Bajak, Carrie. "A guide to social media advertising." Travel Weekly, 16 Nov. 2015, p.
65. Student Resources in Context,
36b99. Accessed 29 June 2019.
This article discusses ways for small businesses to advertise themselves. It reviews the
basic steps needed to start advertising. It lists the different social media platforms and how they
can help a business become better known among target customers. When listing the possible
social media platforms, the author Finley-Bajak, describes when to use one social media
platform over another depending on the company’s preferences and what they are trying to
promote. Finley-Bajak gives tips and strategies for ways to promote a company, whether it is by
creating the company’s own social media account or advertisements on other sites.
This article is very authoritative because she is a social media consultant who works with
online branding. The source also includes her email for anyone to contact her. This article has
broad and deep coverage as it covers several different types of social media platforms like
Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, and LinkedIn. She goes into great detail when
discussing when to use the different social media platforms and when to begin advertising for a
Melesko 15
company. She also uses statistical data when discussing the number of people who use Facebook
and the amount of revenue Facebook made from having advertisements on their platform. This
current article was originally published and last updated on November 16, 2015, and is current
because social media advertising is becoming more common than in the past since many people
have some sort of social media account of their own. This accurate source can be corroborated
with the information cited within the article itself. For example, she cites information directly
from Pinterest to describe what type of ads they are looking for and gives the URL where the
reader can find more information. The purpose of this source is to describe the best tips for a
company to follow when beginning to advertise online. The audience for this source is not the
general public, but people interested in social media advertising and for other social media
specialists. The author is aware of her audience because she leaves her email for the reader to
offer tips and feedback, which suggests that she is not biased and welcomes other professionals
in the field to help advance the field of study. The source is objective as the author does not use
personal pronouns. By reviewing the basic steps of advertising through social media platforms,
Finley-Bajak makes an important contribution to assisting companies in accessing this important
aspect of on-line branding and marketing.
Greenberg, Eric Rolfe. "Customer service: the key to competitiveness." Management Review,
Dec. 1990, p. 29+. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A9206232/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=fe0a7
This article highlights the perceived importance of customer satisfaction to the success of
businesses and outlines how companies can organize themselves to achieve a high level of
customer service. The author also details the reasons why businesses at times fail to provide the
Melesko 16
managerial support necessary to ensure excellent customer service. The author uses the results of
a widespread, global survey by the American Management Association to provide data
supporting the importance of client service, how strongly service ranks as a priority within their
organization, and whether their companies have a specific customer service strategy.
This article is very authoritative because the author is the Editor for AMA Research
Reports, which helps verify that he is an expert in the field. He also includes his contact
information. This article has broad and deep coverage as it provides both a high level view of the
importance of customer satisfaction and also details elements of how organizations can organize
themselves to achieve excellent service. It goes in depth when it discusses short-comings in
managerial training, key elements of an effective training program, and the critical importance of
empowering managers to solve customers’ complaints. It is also broad because its data is based
on a large, global survey of management professionals. Internationally, 78% of managers said
that improving the quality of service to the customer is the key to successfully competing in the
marketplace. This article was published and last updated in December 1990, which may seem
old, but the central tenets behind great customer service have not greatly changed. This article’s
information matched with one of my other annotated bibliographies and it was much more
recent. Just because it is nineteen years old does not mean it is not current. Perfecting customer
service is the goal of many businesses, and is becoming a more common way to ensure a
business’s growth and development. This accurate source can be corroborated with the
information cited within the article itself and with "Delivering customer service that sells" by
Scott. Greenberg includes a study that validates his reasoning and claims. Also, Greenberg says
that customer service is the key when trying to survive as a business and Scott makes the same
Melesko 17
claim in his article. The purpose of this source is to quantify for senior managers the importance
of excellent customer service to the success of their companies and outline possible areas for
improvement within their own organizations. The source is objective, as Greenberg does not use
personal pronouns in his article. This article is not for the general public, but for management
professionals. By highlighting the importance of customer service to corporate success and
detailing specific methods by which organizations can deliver high levels of customer
satisfaction, the author makes an important contribution and offers a number of areas for
additional research.
Han, Sungwon, et al. "The Effect of Colour on the Anchoring Heuristic in Consumer Decision
Making." Journal of European Psychology Students, vol. 5, no. 3, 2014, p. 19+. Gale
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A506866827/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=2358adc
a. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.
This report reviews results from the authors’ research into how color influences decision
making depending on how important the decision is to a consumer. As background, the authors’
cite research that color influences how consumers make decisions. Cool colors like blue have
been found to cause consumers to rely more on intuition and use only readily available
information even when the information is not relevant. This is called the “anchoring effect.”
Warm colors like red tend to cause consumers to use a more systematic process, and to seek out
additional information and opinions. In addition, the authors cite prior research that when the
importance of a decision is low, consumers tend to use intuition and not expend effort gathering
additional information. Conversely if the decision is important, consumers will seek more
information and opinions. Sixty-five male and female undergraduate college students
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participated in the study. The researchers found that subjects exposed to blue backgrounds and
given a low motivation decision (i.e. an unattractive gift recipient), anchored on a randomly
provided ID number in guessing the planner price. Subjects exposed to red backgrounds and low
motivation were less influenced by the anchor. Candidates in the high motivation situation, with
an attractive gift recipient, showed no anchoring effect and the background color did not matter.
The results supported the researchers’ hypothesis that levels of motivation have a greater
influence on decision making approaches than color does. This research adds to the knowledge
about how people’s environment and the context of a decision influence how that decision gets
made.
The authors are psychology students at Sungkyunkwan University, a private research
university in the Republic of Korea. The article is peer reviewed and published in the “Journal of
European Psychology Students.” E-mail addresses are provided for each of the three authors.
The coverage of the topic is broad and deep. The article provides complete information about the
construction of the study and explains why the study’s results are of practical importance. The
authors suggest how retailers can use color to influence consumer behavior, but that other factors
play a role as well. The authors cite an extensive bibliography of related research throughout the
report. The audience for this report is other behavioral researchers, not the general public. The
authors are objective in recognizing their audience of fellow researchers and suggesting
additional areas of fruitful research, as well as in citing the limitations of their research such as
differences in regional differences in the meaning of colors and no standard definition for “cool”
versus “warm” colors. When stating an opinion, the authors say “we believe” or “in our
opinion.” The source is dated August 7, 2104 making it current. The currency is not highly
Melesko 19
important to the authority of the material as the factors influencing human decision-making are
unlikely to change over time. In fact, the bibliography lists seminal work in the field dating to the
1950s. The report appears to be accurate based on the academic backgrounds of the authors and
the scientific approach of their study.
Hoendervanger, Jan Gerard, et al. "Individual differences in satisfaction with activity-based work
environments." PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 3, 2018, p. e0193878. Gale In Context: Opposing
Viewpoints,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A530311704/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=b90b4e9
d. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.
The article summarizes the results of the authors’ study to find psychological factors that
explain differences in worker satisfaction with modern workspaces, and to provide direction to
organizations, architects, and designers to improve organizational outcomes. As background, the
authors note that organizations are adopting activity based working (ABW) with flexible, shared
spaces dedicated to particular functions such as closed meetings, collaboration, computer-based
work rather than private, assigned space such as individual offices or cubicles. The primary
objective is to reduce real estate costs. Savings are realized since with ABW spaces there are
fewer cubicles and offices than there are workers. The authors cite studies showing low worker
satisfaction with ABW spaces resulting in lower commitment and engagement, and higher
absenteeism. According to these studies, the costs associated with the consequences of lower
employee satisfaction may easily exceed the real estate-related savings. The authors designed a
study based on a survey of 551 knowledge workers at 7 Dutch organizations, both private and
public, in different cities. All the organizations had ABW workspaces, although they varied in
interior design, color-theme, and organizational culture. The study was designed to empirically
Melesko 20
test theories on how worker psychological factors, such as the need for autonomy and need for
privacy, correlate to satisfaction with particular workplace design features. The study found a
strong negative correlation between the need for privacy and satisfaction with ABW workplaces.
Although all the ABW workplaces participating in the survey included quiet spaces for
concentration work, they apparently do not adequately meet the need for privacy. The need for
autonomy was weakly negatively correlated with satisfaction with ABW environments. The
authors had hypothesized that the need for autonomy would be positively correlated. The authors
connected this finding to a prior study that found workers sensed that ABW spaces have a high
degree of external control due to the lack of dedicated, controlled space. Therefore, they were not
perceived as being sufficiently autonomous. The study makes an important contribution to
businesses looking to redesign to optimize their work spaces for productivity and lower real
estate costs. Assuming businesses can use the data to improve workplace design, it will make an
important contribution to worker satisfaction particularly as demographic changes and higher
retirement ages result in more older workers who have empirically shown a higher need for
privacy than typically provided by ABW spaces. The purpose of the study is very appropriate to
the intended audience as the authors outline several practical implications that practitioners in
workplace design can implement to optimize ABW spaces for workers.
This source is very authoritative as the authors are professors in related fields.
Hoendervanger is a professor of Business Administration specializing in corporate real estate
management and workspace design. Ernst is a professor of statistics. Albers is a professor of
Applied Statistics and Data Visualization. Mobach is a professor of Facility Management. The
study was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research which reported that it
Melesko 21
had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or preparation of the report. The report
was peer reviewed and includes an extensive bibliography. The report provides the e-mail
contact information for the corresponding author, as well as the university affiliations of each
author at which they could presumably be contacted. The report is reliable since its conclusions
are supported with an extensive description of the survey study and the data it produced. The
source is comprehensive and contains extensive information that supports the survey design such
as the questionnaire used, demographic information for the survey group, and a description of the
regression model used to identify predictive factors. The authors demonstrate that they accounted
for all sides of the issue by citing extensive prior research studies that identified the range of
factors likely to have an impact on worker satisfaction with workplace design. Where the authors
feel they have not covered an area, such as whether findings would apply outside of the
Netherlands, they have said so. The authors interpreted the data and include several tables of
information showing statistical results. The authors clearly articulate their study’s objective,
scope, and limitations. For instance, the authors note that their study was conducted only within
Dutch organizations. Since ABW is an international trend, they suggest further research that
would include data from organizations in different countries. The authors also note that the
differences in the ABW workspaces of the surveyed companies, such as varying design
aesthetics, were beyond the scope of their study. The citation of limitations and suggestions for
additional research demonstrate the scientific integrity of the source. The report was published
on March 8, 2018 and is therefore quite current. Currency is very important because the authors’
study focuses on the relation of modern office design to the support of contemporary,
knowledge-based workers. The authors are objective and they provide a detailed explanation of
Melesko 22
their study design and the statistical characteristics of the results. The authors demonstrate
awareness of their audience as they provide practical suggestions for how facility designers can
implement their findings. The source provides the raw study data which could therefore be used
by other researchers in the field to independently verify the authors’ findings. In addition, the
authors have declared that they had no competing interests, the funding source did not participate
in the study, and all relevant data has been provided within the report. The major finding of the
study, that a high need for privacy is negatively correlated with satisfaction with ABW
environments, is corroborated by previous findings that ABW workplaces fail to provide
sufficient privacy. The sources are cited in the bibliography and noted by the authors.
Hoyer, Wayne D., and Nicola E. Stokburger-Sauer. "The role of aesthetic taste in consumer
behavior." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 40, no. 1, 2012, p. 167+.
Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A360796170/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=0defbf2d
. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.
The article summarizes the authors’ development of a definition of “consumer aesthetic
taste” as it impacts consumer decision-making, and the implications for marketing and consumer
product design. Based on a review of prior research, the authors concluded that any framework
of how taste impacts consumer behavior must recognize that the importance of aesthetics varies
by type of product. The authors further propose a categorization scheme for consumer product
interactions. In the view of the authors, which they clearly state as an opinion, the fields of
consumer behavior and marketing lack a coherent framework for examining the impact of
aesthetic taste on consumer decisions. To fix this gap, the authors suggest major areas for
investigation in consumer behavior and marketing such as the development of an objective scale
Melesko 23
for assigning measurements of taste, research into how consumers develop taste, and how taste
varies with our physical senses. This article makes an important contribution to the field by
bringing academic rigor to the investigation of how consumers evaluate products with regards to
aesthetic taste.
This report is very authoritative as the authors are professors in related fields. Boyer is a
professor of Marketing at the University of Texas. Stockburger-Sauer is a professor of Strategic
Management, Marketing and Tourism at the University of Innsbruck. Adding to its authority, the
report was peer reviewed, lists email contacts for both authors, and includes a very extensive
bibliography. The report’s coverage is both broad and deep. The report covers all sides of the
issue by drawing from research across multiple fields including sociology, psychology,
philosophy, and microeconomics. The authors spend considerable time examining the nature of
aesthetic taste from diverse viewpoints. The breadth of research is evident in the broad range of
fields represented. The multitude of academic research cited is evidence of the depth of research.
The authors are very clear that the purpose of the article is to start a framework for the
consideration of taste in consumer purchasing decisions and to spur additional research. The
primary target audience of the article are academics in the marketing and consumer behavior
fields. The source is objective as the authors suggest that their work is just a first step and that
there is much room for additional theory development and research. The article appears to be
accurate based on the academic credentials of the authors and the wide range of academic
research cited. The article was published January 1, 2012 and is therefore relatively current.
Currency is less important to this research topic as the authors’ primary objectives were to refine
the concept of consumer aesthetic taste as it relates to marketing and to suggest topics for future
Melesko 24
research. As a result, the 2012 publication date does not diminish its authority. The study was
directed specifically at a relatively narrow audience of marketers and consumer product
designers.
"Impact of Store Environment on Impulse Buying (A case of International Modern Trade

Retailers in Karachi)." KASBIT Business Journal, vol. 11, 2018, p. 57. Gale General
OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A571364443/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=2b95819
This article summarizes the authors’ examination of research into how store environment
helps increase customers’ spending and therefore store profitability. Variables that were explored
included music, lighting, layout and employees. The investigation of how office and retail space
layout can be optimized to improve flow and enhance the customer experience. The authors
conclude that the pleasant quality of music, lighting, and layout positively influence consumers
to spend more than planned. In addition, the authors found that employee interactions need to be
managed carefully. Attentive and helpful employees had a positive impact, but sales staff who
are too aggressive or intrusive, have a negative impact. The article makes a contribution to the
field by providing data-based insights into which factors store managers or retail designers
should focus on in order to positively impact the experience of consumers and how much they
spend.
While no contact or biographical information is provided for the authors, a brief internet
search provided both contacts and information about their credentials as professors of
management science and commerce. The article covers all sides of the issue in a disciplined and
data-driven way and has been peer reviewed. Attention paid is both broad and deep, and the
Melesko 25
article contains data and links to prior research. The article was published December 31, 2018
and is therefore very recent. The recent publication of the article is relatively important as
consumer behavior evolves with the expansion of internet retailing options and the changing
expectations of middle class consumers. The source is accurate and includes an extensive
bibliography of academic sources. The source is objective and not aimed at a general audience.
The authors state that they are writing the article for both store managers and retailers generally,
as well as researchers into commerce and consumer behavior.
Lee, Hee Jung, and Myung Soo Kang. "The effect of brand personality on brand relationship,
attitude and purchase intention with a focus on brand community." Academy of
Marketing Studies Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, 2013, p. 85+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A352850507/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=c45a9da
This report summarizes the authors’ investigation of which brand personalities affect
consumer attitudes. They define the attributes of five brand personalities: sincere, exciting,
strong, sophisticated, and cute. Based on a survey study of South Korean university students,
their research found that sincere and cute brand personalities had a positive impact on consumer
trust and commitment to the brand. Strong and exciting brand personalities had a negative
impact, and sophistication had no impact. As a result, the authors suggest that marketers should
manage brand personalities carefully. This report makes an important contribution to the field by
providing a framework for marketers to categorize various brand identities and by quantifying
how those brand personalities impact the consumer.
The authors are experts in the field. Hee Jung Lee is a Professor of Management at Seoul
National University. Kyung Soo Kang is a Professor of Management at Hansung University. The
Melesko 26
report does not include the authors’ contact information, although both could be found online
through their university connections. The report covers all sides of the issue, although the
question being addressed by the research was defined rather narrowly. The source contains data
from the survey which is comprehensive and interpreted by the authors. The report was
published on July 1, 2013 and is therefore quite current. Currency is relatively important as the
internet is increasingly impacting consumer-brand relationships which is an element of the
authors’ research. The source is written specifically for marketing and branding professionals,
and for academics in the fields of management and marketing. The source is both accurate and
objective as shown by the credentials of the authors, its peer-reviewed status, and the extensive
bibliography of academic sources.
Lee, Michael, and Spencer R. Cobia. "Management accounting systems support start-up business
growth." Management Accounting Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 1. General OneFile,
f4282. Accessed 23 June 2019.
The article offers solutions to the management challenges that the authors assert are
frequently confronted by entrepreneurs as their businesses grow past their start-up phase.
According to research cited by the authors, most entrepreneurial businesses fail soon after their
founding. The authors cite research that shows that the adoption of management control systems
improves the rate of survival of entrepreneurial businesses and the likelihood of transitioning
into larger companies. The article includes a case study of a real entrepreneurial business in crisis
to highlight the challenges faced by start-up businesses as they grow. The authors’ key
conclusion is that as a business grows, the decisions that need to be made about strategy become
Melesko 27
more complex. The article focuses specifically on the challenges faced by entrepreneurial
companies at a particular stage of their development.
The article originally appeared in “Management Accounting Quarterly,” published by the
Institute of Management Accountants. The authors include contact information in the article. Lee
and Cobia cite a number of well-recognized professional and academic sources. The article uses
third party research to support the authors’ views and appears to be an objective examination of
the issue. The supporting evidence appears to be from reliable sources and includes extensive
citations of authoritative research. The topic is covered from both a theoretical perspective and
very specifically through the detailed case study. The case study includes financial statements,
tables, and examples of analytical output of a proposed new accounting system. The article was
published and last updated in 2013, which is still current because entrepreneurs are still facing
similar problems as stated in the article. The article is written for an audience of accounting
professionals who advise or work within businesses, for CEOs or leaders of start-up companies,
and for other business professionals. This article offers advice to entrepreneurs grounded in the
authors’ professional experience, as well as authoritative sources. The purpose of the article is to
help managers within growing start-up companies recognize where they may face challenges as
they expand, and suggests specific solutions and tools to assist in managing their business more
effectively. The authors touch on other aspects of growing businesses, such as culture, that also
need to be addressed in order to increase the probability that the company survives and thrives.
These aspects seem to provide fertile ground for additional future research.
Mahmoud-Jouini, Sihem Ben, et al. "Making Design Thinking Work: Adapting an Innovation
Approach to Fit a Large Technology-Driven Firm: An adaptive, incremental approach
helped a large company incorporate design thinking into its culture."
Melesko 28
Research-Technology Management, Sept.-Oct. 2019, p. 50+. Gale General OneFile,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A600036455/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=5b68c01
f. Accessed 21 Nov. 2019.
This article shares the authors’ research into how technology firms can adapt design
thinking techniques so that they can take root despite the entrenched cultures and older modes of
innovating often found in established, successful technology companies. The authors conclude
that there are specific approaches that lead to the successful implementation of design thinking.
The authors built their research around a case study at Thales, a French multi-divisional,
engineering firm. They concluded that five elements contributed to the successful
implementation of a design thinking framework within Thales: broad training, projects driven by
business units, a wide variety of project types, support of internal clients, and centering
additional design centers in business units. The research makes an important contribution by
demonstrating a repeatable model for science and technology firms to drive the innovation
critical to their long-term success and competitiveness.
This source is very authoritative as the authors have advanced academic credentials or
professional experience in related fields. Ben Mahmoud-Jouini is a professor of innovation and
entrepreneurship with a PhD in Strategy and Innovation Management. Fixson is a professor of
innovation and design with a PhD in technology, management and policy. Boulet has deep
expertise in the field of innovation and design because of his position as the leader of the Thales
Design Center. E-mail addresses are provided as contact information for each of the authors. The
report was published September 1, 2019 and is therefore very current. Currency is important to
this subject matter since the field of design thinking is relatively new and still developing.
Attention to the topic is both broad and deep. The authors cover multiples sides of the issue by
Melesko 29
summarizing not only successful approaches, but also attempts at design thinking that failed or
were less successful. They also include detailed examinations of the various projects undertaken
by Thales, along with a review of those approaches that were successful and others that had
drawbacks. The source does not claim that the findings would necessarily apply to firms outside
of science, technology, or engineering, although this could be a fertile area for further research.
The source appears to be accurate based on the extensive bibliography, the credentials of the
authors, the peer-reviewed status of the report. In addition, outside sources such as When
Cognition Interferes with Innovation, Framing Design Thinking, a nd The Challenges of Using
Design Thinking in Industry s erve to authenticate and support the findings of the report. The
source is directed towards senior managers of science- and technology-driven firms who are
challenged to be nimble in exploring new opportunities. The authors explicitly direct their
research findings towards company managements so that these leaders can employ techniques
and strategies supporting successful design thinking within their own organizations.
McConnell, Akila Sankar. "Making Wal-Mart pretty: trademarks and aesthetic restrictions on
big-box retailers." Duke Law Journal, Mar. 2004, p. 1537+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A126754805/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=f45e5e7
This article details the author’s investigation of how the aesthetic demands of local
planning and zoning officials on the design of big-box stores impact a retailer’s brand identity.
Big-box retail stores are typically huge and drab, with flat, windowless, concrete facades, and
nondescript entrances. Many municipalities fear the negative impact such buildings have on the
appearance of their communities and require changes during the zoning approval process.
However, retailers often consistently use certain exterior colors, layouts and signage to create
Melesko 30
recognizable, national brands. Some aspects of retailers’ brand identity are protected by
trademark law under The Lanham Act. However, the author concludes, based on an analysis of
current case law, that retailers are unlikely to be able to use the Lanham Act to challenge
restrictions on the design or exterior material of their buildings. In addition, color can only be
protected in limited circumstances. The article makes a contribution to the field by explaining
how large retailers maintain recognizable brands through consistent design and colors, and the
limits that can be placed on them by local zoning boards.
The author is a practicing attorney specializing in real estate and business law and is
therefore an expert in the field. The article does not have the author’s contact information, but
her current contact information is easily found through an internet search. The article thoroughly
covers all sides of an issue, with support from evidence and data that is comprehensive and
interpreted. Although the source is dated March 2004, and is therefore somewhat dated, the
issues explored are durable and communities and retailers continue to disagree over control of
aesthetic design. The source is accurate as it is peer reviewed and was published in the Duke
Law Journal of Duke University. In addition, the source contains an extensive bibliography that
cites other sources, as well as case law. The source is written specifically for lawyers or real
estate professionals, and not for the general public. For example, the author provides many
specific examples of community regulations, how they were enacted, and the results of legal
challenges.
Mclane, Yelena, and Nadya Kozinets. "SPATIALITY, EXPERIENCES, AND THE

FORMATION OF PLACE ATTACHMENT AT CAMPUS STUDENT LIFE
CENTERS." College Student Journal, vol. 53, no. 1, 2019, p. 78+.
Melesko 31
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A584328140/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=6c4fb31
9. Accessed 29 Sept. 2019.
This article reviews the results of the authors’ study into how the design of campus
gathering places such as student unions can positively impact student engagement and a sense of
community. The study is constructed as a comparison of two student life centers - one on the
campus of Florida State University and the other at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. The
authors observed and interviewed undergraduate students using a prepared questionnaire. The
design, views, furniture placement of the two student unions were contrasted, and students were
asked about their impressions and feelings about the space. McLane and Kozinets find that there
are two major factors which contribute positively to students’ sense of place: spatial-design
characteristics, such as openness, views and flexibility of space, and social ingredients, such as
user density and direct student involvement in running the facility. The authors assert that the
experience of these common spaces on college campuses are taking on increased importance as
younger generations increasingly seek out memorable experiences instead of traditional goods.
The article cites research that these findings are important to college planners and administrators
who are competing for students, and that increasingly colleges are using campus design as an
avenue for branding, marketing, and retention.
The authors are professors at the universities whose student unions were studied making
them authorities on the topic, as well as highly familiar with the spaces they were studying. They
do not include contact information, but this can be found through the universities’ websites. The
coverage of the topic is both broad and deep. The article explains why the study’s results are of
practical importance and also provides extensive information about the results of their study. The
construction of the study is explained and the results are thoroughly analyzed. The authors cite
Melesko 32
an extensive bibliography of related research throughout the article. The article is very current as
it was published in March 2019. The recency of the research is important as the authors believe
that student union design has a greater impact on younger students than on prior generations. The
source appears to be accurate given the peer review, credentials of the authors, and extensive
data cited. The audience for this article is not the general public, but professionals such as
architects, interior designers, and college administrators. The authors appear to be very aware of
their target audience by stating several times the purpose of their study and the article, and
clearly summarizing their conclusions in both their introduction and conclusion. The article is
objective in that the authors used the same predetermined questionnaire for their interviews and
presented verbatim quotes from students. The authors make an important contribution to the
design of college student unions by citing specific factors that architects and administrators can
adopt to create spaces that engage students in the college community.
Morales, Kassandra, et al. "SOCIAL MEDIA: ARE THE BENEFITS WORTH THE RISKS
FOR BUSINESS?" International Journal of Business and Public Administration, vol. 14,
no. 1, 2017, p. 87+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A529279231/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=8236ca5
This article summarizes the results of the authors’ investigation into whether the benefits
of using social media in business outweigh the potential risks. The authors ultimately concluded
that the benefits do outweigh the risks. When social media platforms first emerged, businesses
were mostly worried that they would negatively impact employee productivity by distracting
workers during business hours. Rather quickly, businesses began realizing the potential benefits
of social media, and began using it for employee recruitment and background checks. However,
Melesko 33
a number of traditional businesses have resisted incorporating social media into their daily
business practices out of fear that it could be used, purposefully or inadvertently, to damage the
company’s reputation, influence the competition, or hurt company relationships. The authors
identify a number of positive effects of using social media in business including: real-time
customer feedback and management of customer complaints, instantaneous business
communications, building a strong brand image, and marketing through customer
word-of-mouth. Small businesses in particular can benefit from an effective use of social media
to build visibility, achieve viability, and adapt quickly to market developments in order to sustain
their growth. Word-of-mouth opinions about products spread through social media and are very
influential in purchasing decisions, and negative feedback spreads faster than positive. Negative
comments result in damage to the brand, customer loss, and declining market share. It is essential
that businesses actively monitor social media sites so that negative issues can be resolved
quickly. The authors make an important contribution to the field as social media continues to
grow more influential with consumers and in particular millennials. Many businesses struggle
with the decision as to how, when, and whether to incorporate social media into their strategies.
This article will help them to make that decision.
The authors are experts in the field. In particular, Josephine Sosa-Fey is a Professor to
Management at Texas A&M University – San Antonio, and has authored numerous papers on
related topics. Although contact information is not provided, Sosa-Fey’s email and phone
numbers were easily found through an online search. The authors cover multiple sides of the
issue including the range of benefits and an exploration of the variety of risks presented by social
media. The article contains data from prior studies that is incorporated and interpreted. The
Melesko 34
source is current as it was published December 22, 2017. Currency is important as social media
continues to evolve and expand at a rapid pace with new platforms emerging. The source is
accurate and objective as it was both peer reviewed and is supported by an extensive
bibliography of academic sources. The article is not aimed at a general audience. Instead, the
article is written for an audience of business professionals involved in marketing, public
relations, and branding, and for academics in the field. In addition, the authors suggest several
areas for additional research that would make additional contributions to the field.
Mouw, Tim. "8 Reasons controlling color quality is hard: do you ever get frustrated with the trial
and error, rework and wasted materials that result when color doesn't meet expectations?"
Quality, Nov. 2016, p. 21+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A479548331/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=6088ec9
This article explains the importance of color management in the manufacturing process
and details the costs of not having a robust color management system. According to the author,
there are eight reasons most color control programs fail. Color must be properly quantified in
order to be communicated to suppliers and others. Color control requires not only a
spectrophotometer, but also quality control software and a calibrated light booth. You can not
rely on viewing samples outside to simulate daylight since the ambient light changes depending
on the weather and time of day. You can not rely on human eyes to make color judgment calls.
You have to use the correct color tolerance model. While there are multiple methods for
calculating color, everyone involved in the manufacturing and testing process much choose a
common color language. All the color measurement tools must be set to the same conditions and
in agreement on how color will be measured. Finally, training and education are key to stay up to
Melesko 35
date on the latest trends. By taking these eight factors into consideration, Mouw asserts that color
technicians can ensure a first rate color management system. The article makes an important
contribution to the field by stressing the importance of color management to avoid waste and
elevated manufacturing costs, and by highlighting the primary reasons why color management
systems fail.
The author is an expert in the field. Tim Mouw has been the Manager for Applications
Engineering and Technical Support for Pantone for the last 26 years. Pantone is a prominent firm
supporting color management for designers and manufacturers. Although the article does not
include specific contact information for the author, it does include his employer and he can be
easily found and contacted via LinkedIn. They author conveys that the article’s views are his
opinion, however they are supported by reasoning and evidence. The article was published and
last updated on November 1, 2016 making it fairly current. Currency is important to the authority
of the material. Although the negative impacts of faulty color control in manufacturing are
enduring, the ways that color control can be managed have changed over time as science and
technology have advanced. The article is appropriately directed towards and is specifically
written for manufacturers, parts suppliers and designers who rely on color consistency within the
manufacturing process or for specific design projects. The author uses technical language and
references to specialized tools that only color professionals would be familiar with. The source is
objective. The author explains the pros and cons of the eight actions he prescribes, and provides
the downsides of failing to manage color properly. By sharing his extensive experience in the
color management process, Mouw makes an important contribution to color management
professionals and others who depend upon reliable color production.

Melesko 36
Mullarkey, Colleen. "Design do's & don'ts from the experts: you asked, and the experts
answered. Design specialists share their top tips for office layout and flow, optical space,
fixing common office design blunders, and more." Review of Optometry, 15 Sept. 2013,
p. 26+. Gale General OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A346141278/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=c7741f7
This article summarizes the author’s investigation of how office space and retail layout
can be optimized to improve flow and enhance the customer experience. The author used a
question and answer format to address common problems in commercial interior design. The
author believes that poor design, particularly in the floor layout, negatively impacts a retail
business by creating a negative customer experience. The article makes a contribution to the field
by offering concrete examples of poor design, and suggestions from experienced designers on
how the flow and physical spaces can be improved. In particular, the article includes before and
after photos to illustrate the concepts discussed.
The author is a professional editor who gathered the views of three different professional
designers. Although no contact information is provided, Mullarkey could be contacted through
the “Review of Optometry '' where she is a senior editor. The article covers all sides of the issue
and illustrates the common problems with retail space design as well as providing solutions.
Attention paid is broad and deep, with generalized suggestions on transforming the function of a
space, as well as very specific advice on boosting visual appeal. The designers offer lessons from
their real-world experience to provide helpful examples. In addition, the article includes before
and after photos to illustrate the problems discussed and solutions. The source was published on
September 15, 2013 and is therefore relatively current. Currency is important mainly with
respect to the recommendations that focus on using digital payments, such as tablets, to avoid
Melesko 37
bottlenecks at a central check-out point. The source does not have a bibliography, although it
does list information and background on the three designers providing design recommendations.
The source is specifically written for and addressed to owners of small businesses and
professional practices in the healthcare field. The author is aware of her audience. For example,
the article makes a number of recommendations for small optometry practices although the
lessons relate to any small business or shop serving retail customers.
Scott, David W. "Delivering customer service that sells." Ophthalmology Times, 15 June 2006,
p. 75. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149768059/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=f09
9b1e2. Accessed 6 July 2019.
This article discusses the benefits of delivering a satisfying customer service experience
using Robertson Optical Laboratories as a case study. The article describes how businesses that
make customer service their priority will survive against businesses that do not focus on such
aspects. Achieving excellent customer service increases the likelihood of that customer returning
to purchase more items and increases the chance of the customer referring the business to
another. The author uses several different viewpoints from associates that worked within
Robertson Optical Laboratories. Those associates describe the training they were given to ensure
outstanding customer service. Scott also includes a study, which supports the likelihood of
achieving more success when the business goes beyond what is expected for a customer.
This article is very authoritative because the author is the president of David Scott
Healthcare Marketing Inc., which is a public relations and marketing firm. He also includes his
contact information. This information suggests that Scott is an expert in the field since he is the
president of a company that deals with the subject he is talking about within the article. This
article has broad and deep coverage as it reviews every detail of achieving excellent customer
Melesko 38
service. It goes in depth when it discusses how this simple technique can make or break a
business in such a competitive world. It is also broad because it discusses several different points
of view since it uses Robertson Optical Laboratories as its main example, but can be applied to
any other business. For example, Scott uses quotes about customer service from leaders of the
laboratory, but they are not just directed at optical businesses. His information and reasoning
shows one specific company and how their techniques can help any business. This article was
published and last updated on June 15th in 2006, but the information within the article is not old
as companies still struggle with achieving excellent customer service. Businesses should be
aware that they can increase sales dramatically if they improved their customer service. This
accurate source can be corroborated with the information cited within the article itself. His
colleagues Jacqueline Schlumper and Tatiana Starchevsky collaborated on his article. The
purpose of this source is to describe the success and effects of when a company delivers effective
customer service. The source is objective, as Scott does not use any personal pronouns or refer to
himself. This article is not for the general public, but for top leaders within a company because
Scott shares ways those positions can train their employees to maintain relationships with
customers and how they can have an impact when they treat their customers with respect. Scott
advocates for all businesses to adopt achieving a high level of customer service as their top
priority like Robertson Optical Laboratories has done.
Slade, Ashley. "More money, less support?" TD Magazine, Jan. 2015, p. 16. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A396767786/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=c8c
This article looks at the effects of educational technology within an organization or
business. It examines studies which show that technology-based learning saw increases in
Melesko 39
investment. Slade analyzes what a company should be mindful about before investing in new,
expensive technology. She says that first the business leader needs to show interest in such
technologies by keeping up with trends. Then, he or she should find the type of technology that
fits best with their work as an organization. It also suggests that business leaders should look at
the different technologies other companies and organizations used to get a sense of if it would
benefit or harm their work. Lastly, before implementing a technology-based program, the
business leader should ask their employees what type of programs would be helpful and what
they would want to gain out of the program, since they will be the ones using it. Without a
strategic plan, a technology-based program may not be beneficial.
This article is very authoritative because the author is a production and editorial specialist
for the Association for Talent Development, and she includes her email for the reader to contact
her, which suggests that she is very reliable. This article has broad and deep coverage as Slade
analyzes how an organization can establish an effective technology-based program. She is very
broad because she does not limit the technology-based program to any specific business type.
She also goes in-depth as she includes specific data from surveys. For example, she uses a survey
by the Impact Instruction Group, which says that 87% of respondents said they were investing in
e-learning programs for their organizations, and that the number is continuing to rise. The survey
with quantitative data that supports her claims makes her a more reliable source. This current
article was published and last updated in January 2015, which makes it only four years old. Since
technology is becoming a more accessible and modern way of learning, this article only becomes
more relevant since many organizations and companies are adopting new types of technology for
their employees. This accurate source can be corroborated with other research that explores the
Melesko 40
most effective way to implement a technology-based learning program. The purpose of this
source is for business leaders and professionals to analyze everything they should do before
adopting a technology based program for their organization. The source is objective, as Slade
does not use personal pronouns in her article. This article is not for the general public, but for
business leaders in an organization or company because Slade lists things they should consider
before establishing an e-learning program. By giving steps for building a business with
technology-based learning, Slade supports those reasons with data to make her a more reliable
source.
"Strategies for advertising on social media benefit small businesses." Rochester Business
Journal, 18 Apr. 2018. General OneFile,
af705. Accessed 29 June 2019.
This article discusses the benefits to small businesses who advertise using social media.
The article incorporates many different peoples’ views who have their own companies, and who
use social media to promote their company and products. Using social media to advertise is also
inexpensive and accessible. It also discusses potential errors when a small business jumps
straight into advertising when they are not paying close attention to where the ad is placed on a
site. It illustrates that if a company jumps straight into advertising and selects multiple social
media platforms, then the company usually becomes overwhelmed. The article is designed for
small businesses to gain information on the do’s and don’ts of advertising on social media.
This article is very authoritative as contact information is listed for the reader to contact
the author if they have any further questions regarding the topic. It was published in the
Rochester Business Journal, which is the leading source of business news and information in
Melesko 41
Rochester, New York. Nicole Sheldon was the reporter and editorial assistant for Rochester
Business Journal. This article has broad and deep coverage as it covers all the possible ways a
small business could advertise using social media. It also goes more in depth because it includes
small business’ experiences with social media and their specific tips regarding the best way to
use it. The source also uses statistical data to show how many people actually use Facebook and
what the benefits of using it could bring to a small business. This current article was produced
and last updated on April 18, 2018, which is pretty recent since social media has not changed
drastically from that date. This article is current because social media is becoming a more
common way to advertise and promote products, especially because it is inexpensive and
accessible. This accurate source can be corroborated with the information cited within the article
itself. For example, she cites information directly from small business owners that describes their
experience working with social media platforms to advertise their company. The purpose of this
source is to advocate for the use of social media advertising, but it is done in a non-polemic way.
The audience for this source is not the general public, but for people interested in social media
advertising and for other social media specialists. The writers demonstrate awareness of their
audience by incorporating the experience of similar advertising professionals within the article.
The source is objective as it uses others’ varying stories and experiences. By sharing the practical
experience of marketing professionals, including the possible pitfalls of social media advertising,
the article makes an important contribution to small business leaders looking to build sales and
profits.
Suter, Donna A. "5 ways to improve reviews, boost patient satisfaction: Actionable steps will
help practices retain existing patients, attract new customers." Ophthalmology Times, 1
Feb. 2019, p. 32+. Gale General OneFile,
Melesko 42
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A580224475/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=51db96d
e. Accessed 7 Dec. 2019.
This article summarizes the author’s recommendations on how to harness customer
feedback to make real improvements in service and to boost client retention. Suter states that
customer feedback is essential to making necessary changes in a service-oriented business. As a
result, forward looking businesses will make collecting customer satisfaction data a standard part
of digital outreach. Suter suggests that service providers should embrace customer feedback,
even when negative, and cites data that supports that customers whose complaints are addressed
rapidly and satisfactorily remain clients 90% of the time. In addition, businesses should focus on
the content of the complaint and not on the manner in which it is delivered. In Suter’s
experience, patients who complain are actually more loyal to a business than those who may not
complain, but may also not return as customers due to their dissatisfaction. The article addresses
the proper way to deal with customer complaints, and tells business managers to be sure to focus
on the internal process that led to the issue and not to the people involved. The article makes a
contribution to the field by providing the advice of a highly experienced consultant and by
sharing her accumulated knowledge in the area of client service.
The author is an expert in the field based on her more than 20 year career as a consultant
to health care providers and as the president of Suter Consulting Group. Her e-mail is provided
within the article so that she can be contacted. The article covers all sides of the issue and points
out the types of resistance that practitioners frequently raise when confronted with customer
complaints. The author uses her long experience to provide examples of how her previous clients
have confronted and used customer feedback to good effect. The source was published on
February 1, 2019 and is therefore very current. Currency is important mainly with respect to the
Melesko 43
recommendations that focus on the use of digital customer feedback. The source does not have a
bibliography, although it does cite data from the U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs that is publicly
available. The source is specifically written for and addressed to professional practices in the
healthcare field. For example, Suter makes a number of recommendations for sole or small
practices who are seeking to improve client retention and recruitment.
Taneja, Sonia, and Leslie Toombs. "Putting a face on small businesses: visibility, viability, and
sustainability the impact of social media on small business marketing." Academy of
Marketing Studies Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 2014, p. 249+. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A397455483/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=f11
This article discusses the overall impact and success of small businesses using social
media to advertise. It illustrates how easily organizations can communicate through social media.
The article also contains data that refers to the different proportions of small businesses that use
social media as a means of promotion. Competition among small businesses can be fierce, so the
authors discuss the importance of visibility, viability, and sustainability. Visibility refers to a
company getting known through social media, which allows fans to promote the business by
word of mouth. Viability helps small business owners and social media marketers build
relationships within their community, which can lead to collaborations and help raise the profile
of small businesses. Lastly, sustainability refers to the needs of small businesses to know how to
effectively use social media to promote and gain fans. If social media is not being used
effectively and efficiently than the business could lose customers to the competition. Overall,
social media helps small businesses seem approachable after new customers see them on the
web. Small businesses often fail in their early stages, but if their marketers know how to
Melesko 44
effectively use social media to promote their business, then the company will be more likely to
survive.
This article is very authoritative because the authors both received a degree in commerce
at Texas A&M University. The article does not not contain their contact information. The
authors cite several other authors and specific data to defend and support their claims. This
article has broad and deep coverage as it covers everything a leader of a small business needs to
know about having an effective social media account. It goes in depth because the authors
support their claims with other authors’ reasoning and data, making the article contain very
broad coverage as well since many views are presented. For example, when the authors compare
the age of technology with traditional marketing methods, they use multiple different authors to
cover the topic, which shows that the authors researched before writing this article. This current
article was produced and last updated in January 2014, which is pretty recent since social media
has not changed drastically from that date, and has become a more common way of promoting
and advertising for small businesses. This accurate source can be corroborated with the
information cited within the article itself. The authors use thirty-one different sources when
supporting their claims. The information is also corroborated with my last source "Chapter 7:
Measuring the success of your social media presence with Google analytics," when Tonyan said
he believed the most important thing to start with is creating social media goals that can be
measured. This information matches directly with the information in this article. The purpose of
this source is to educate the leaders of small businesses on the effective ways to run a social
media account. The source is objective, as there is no use of personal pronouns from either the
authors or the cited information within. This article is not for the general public, but for business
Melesko 45
managers and owners who would help run a company’s social media strategy because the
authors state tips for those positions when they promote their small business. Social media is an
increasingly important and cost effective means for small businesses to promote themselves to
new customers and to help start-ups survive the early years of their life cycle when traditional
advertising may be unaffordable.
Tonyan, Joel. "Chapter 7: Measuring the success of your social media presence with google
analytics." Library Technology Reports, vol. 52, no. 7, 2016, p. 38+. Student Resources
in Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A471474559/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=4a1
b3334. Accessed 6 July 2019.
This article discusses the most effective ways to measure the success of a social media
platform trying to promote something. It establishes that a critical starting point is the creation of
social media goals that can then be measured. The author, Tonyan, describes that some social
media platforms, like Facebook, have ways to directly measure an account’s success. It then
outlines the ways to install Google Analytics to track a social media account’s success. However,
she also describes that Google Analytics is not perfect, and that people should use Google
Analytics’ Campaign URLs because it is more reliable. She outlines the basics of what Google
Analytics can show a person who runs a social media account and the benefits that can be gained
from such data. Overall, he suggests people take advantage of using Google Analytics because
the built-in analytics from Facebook, Twitter, and other platforms can misinterpret data.
This article is very authoritative because the author is the Systems and User Experience
Librarian for the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and he maintains his library's social
media channels. His contact information is not present, but since the reader knows where he
Melesko 46
works, it would not be too difficult to contact him through the university. This article has broad
and deep coverage as it covers everything a person tracking the success of social media
platforms would need to know. It goes in depth because it discusses examples of Tonyan’s own
experience working in the library using Google Analytics' Campaign URLs. It is also very broad
because he discusses both the positives and negatives to using Google Analytics, while
narrowing down to the best tips. He not only addresses all sides, but his reasoning is supported
by graphs. This current article was produced and last updated in October 2016, which is pretty
recent since social media has not changed drastically from that date. This article is current
because social media is becoming a more common way to advertise and promote products, and
owners of companies’ social media accounts want to track how successful those promotions are.
Since technology is becoming more popular, data on a social media campaign provides important
information about the company’s progress and success. This accurate source can be corroborated
with the information cited within the article itself. He uses several other sources when supporting
his reasoning, and also uses graphical data to make his point clear. The purpose of this source is
to educate professional users of social media, not the general public, on the best ways to track the
success of their social media accounts. The source is mainly objective, even though Tonyan uses
a few personal pronouns when discussing his story with Campaign URLs in his library. This
article is not for the general public, but for business professionals because Tonyan uses advanced
technological vocabulary when discussing how to set up Google Analytics. By presenting
methods for collecting data, Tonyan makes an important contribution to professionals seeking to
analyze the success of their social media efforts.
Vitelar, Alexandra. "Like Me: Generation Z and the Use of Social Media for Personal Branding."
Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, vol. 7, no. 2, 2019, p. 257+. Gale
Melesko 47

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A593354341/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=dcac6e0
This report summarizes the results of the author’s investigation of the extent to which
young individuals, belonging to Generation Z, understand the benefits of social media personal
branding. The author asserts that the rise of social media platforms, such as Facebook and
Instagram, has increased the efficiency of creating a personal brand and that personal branding is
more important than ever as technology has created a global competitive playing field. In the
author’s view, personal branding is critical to professional success, particularly at the start of a
person’s career, as it can spur interest from potential employers or investors. Given that
Generation Z individuals, approximately defined as those born between 1995 and 2009, are the
first generation to grow up with instant global connectivity, the author posits that they will be
highly aware of and deliberate in building their personal brand. Vitelar’s research showed that
Gen Z individuals are conscious of their personal brand and believe that personal brand helps
them differentiate themselves in a competitive labor market. According to the data, the subjects
of the study build their brands using Instagram as their main social network.
This paper makes an important contribution to the field by advancing the understanding of
personal brand in a the context of the more commonly understood corporate brand and by
investigating the prevalence of personal brand awareness among the generation just entering the
workforce.
The source is very authoritative as Alexandra Vitelar specializes social media and
branding as a faculty member at the National University fo Political Studies and Public
Administration in Bucharest, Romania. In addition, the report was peer reviewed and contains an
Melesko 48
extensive bibliography. The article includes the author’s email address for contact information.
The article was published and last updated on June 1, 2019 and is therefore very current.
Currency is important as the widespread use of social media is a relatively recent phenomena.
The source comprehensively covers the topic including information on how Generation Z is
generally defined, the relation of personal brand to the better known corporate brand, the factors
to consider when developing a personal brand, and Gen Z individuals’ use of social media in
personal brand development. Through research conducted using a confidential questionnaire, the
author elicits unbiased views from Gen Z individuals, and presents data that is both
comprehensive and interpreted. The author directs the report at other researchers in the field, and
suggests additional, future refinements and expansion of the research for these academics to
pursue. The source may be too new to have been independently corroborated, but the article was
peer reviewed and Vitelar includes sufficient information about her study design so that other
researchers could verify her results. The author notes that the major finding of the article, that
Gen Z individuals are highly aware of the power of personal branding, is based on a relatively
small and geographically narrow survey. She suggests that future research be done to expand the
sample size and broaden the reach of the findings.
Von Castell, Christoph, et al. "Bright paint makes interior-space surfaces appear farther away."
PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 9, 2018, p. e0201976.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A557795626/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=2c711a3
9. Accessed 29 Sept. 2019.
This report details the authors’ findings in an experiment to determine the impact of color
brightness on the perception of spaciousness and ceiling height of rooms. Architects and interior
designers have historically believed that color impacts not only the emotions of the inhabitants of
Melesko 49
an interior space, but their perception of the layout of the room and the overall feeling of the size
of the space. Bright colors were believed to make walls and ceilings recede visually. The authors
designed an experiment to test these assumptions using twenty observers who were unaware of
the purpose of the experiment. The authors found that bright surfaces appear to be farther apart
in the case of side walls or further away in the case of the back wall. They also found that the
contrast between the brightness of the walls had little impact on the perception of the size of the
space.
This report is very authoritative as the authors are professors at Gutenberg University in
Mainz, Germany and a contact for the corresponding author is listed. The report was peer
reviewed and includes an extensive bibliography. The report is reliable since its conclusions are
supported with an extensive description of the experiment and the data it produced. The authors
are objective as they provide a detailed explanation of the effects which their experiment was
designed to test, as well as an extensive discussion of the limitations of the experiment and their
findings. They suggest that these limitations are fertile areas for subsequent research and
experimentation. The report’s coverage is both broad and deep as the authors discuss the popular
perceptions of the impact of color in the visual perception of space, reference prior studies on the
topic, and suggest practical applications of their findings. The article was published September
2018 and is therefore very current. The report appears to be accurate based on the academic
credentials of the authors and the scientific approach of their experiment. The source is objective
as the authors cite the limitations of their research, suggest additional work, and state that they do
not have any competing interests. This report is not for the general public, but for interior
designers and architects. The authors clearly state that their purpose is to empirically test
Melesko 50
common interior-design recommendations. By confirming the assumed impact of brightness on
the perception of space, the authors make an important contribution to the field of interior
design.
Walsh, Patrick, et al. "Differences in event brand personality between social media users and
non-users." Sport Marketing Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 4, 2013, p. 214+. Gale General
OneFile,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A358428085/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=GPS&xid=e235add
a. Accessed 26 Nov. 2019.
This report summarizes the authors’ research into the impact of social media use on
sports brands. Based on a survey of fans attending a major National Collegiate Athletic
Association event, the authors found that brand personality was significantly more highly rated
for users of the event’s Facebook page. Previous research established the importance of brand to
the success and even the survival of sports franchises. Brand identities help differentiate products
and services, such as sports entertainment, and aid consumers in making decisions. Brand
personality is a well-established concept in general marketing, but at the time of this research,
was less well-developed with regards to sports marketing. Social media use has grown
exponentially with billions of people globally connecting on these platforms. Sports franchises
are increasingly using social media to connect with fans. It is critical that the sports marketers
understand how fans interactions with social media will impact how they view the franchises’
brands. As the first known research into the impact of social media use on sports franchise brand
personality, the article makes an important contribution to the field. In addition, the authors
summarize a large number of relevant academic studies that support their work and educate their
audience.
Melesko 51
The authors are experts in the field. Walsh and Clavio are both PhDs and professors of
Sport Management. Lovell and Blaszka are doctoral students in Sport Management. Although
contact information is not provided, the authors’ e-mail addresses were easily located through
their university affiliations. The source covers all sides of the issue including how brand
personality in sports may differ from brand personality in other types of products and services.
The source was published on December 1, 2013. It is relatively current, although social media
has evolved rapidly in the last six years. However, the research does provide important baseline
results to serve as a foundation for additional examinations of social media and sports marketing.
The report contains data that is comprehensive and interpreted. The data shows the raw results of
the study’s survey and the authors’ explanation. The source is objective as the authors point out
what they view as their study’s limitations and suggest a number of additional experiments that
would advance knowledge in the field. The source is accurate, and is both peer reviewed and
supported by an extensive bibliography of academic sources. The authors are addressing their
article to academics and professionals in sport management and marketing, and not to a general
audience.

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Melesko 1

quantitative framework for analyzing shapes in interior spaces.

done to expand on the authors’ work.

impact of various factors on the likelihood of consumers to purchase a product.

have a particular interest in urban design and the consumer.

online data confidential.

FutureSource/Bridge, LLC​, which provides online information services. ​His professional

an important contribution to business leaders considering a shift to internet selling or even

reviewing their current online operations.

significantly related to different consumer factors including: demographics, communication,

organizational success over the long-term.

to marketing managers on how to make use of the research results.

fashion as a form of self-expression. The experiment was conducted by snowball sampling to

As a reference librarian at a major university, the author is an expert in library sciences

findings would apply to community libraries as well.

replicated by other hospital administrators seeking a similar environment.

interest to some readers.

Dong, Zhang. "PARTICIPATION, INTERPRETATION, AND REPRESENTATION OF

barriers to creating beautiful, culturally relevant, functional landscapes. According to Zhang, if

landscape architect, by providing illustrations of the concepts being discussed, and by

the themes he presents in their own work.

Finley-Bajak makes an important contribution to assisting companies in accessing this important

aspect of on-line branding and marketing.

a widespread, global survey by the American Management Association to provide data

themselves to achieve excellent service. It goes in depth when it discusses short-comings in

on a large, global survey of management professionals. Internationally, 78% of managers said

professionals. By highlighting the importance of customer service to corporate success and

The authors are psychology students at Sungkyunkwan University, a private research

the scientific approach of their study.

organizations, architects, and designers to improve organizational outcomes. As background, the

spaces dedicated to particular functions such as closed meetings, collaboration, computer-based

perceived as being sufficiently autonomous. The study makes an important contribution to

important contribution to worker satisfaction particularly as demographic changes and higher

workplace design can implement to optimize ABW spaces for workers.

Hoendervanger is a professor of Business Administration specializing in corporate real estate

management and workspace design. Ernst is a professor of statistics. Albers is a professor of

environments, is corroborated by previous findings that ABW workplaces fail to provide

professor of Marketing at the University of Texas. Stockburger-Sauer is a professor of Strategic

directed specifically at a relatively narrow audience of marketers and consumer product

"Impact of Store Environment on Impulse Buying (A case of International Modern Trade

as well as researchers into commerce and consumer behavior.

how those brand personalities impact the consumer.

internet is increasingly impacting consumer-brand relationships which is an element of the

bibliography of academic sources.

companies at a particular stage of their development.

The article originally appeared in “Management Accounting Quarterly,” published by the

Research-Technology Management,​ Sept.-Oct. 2019, p. 50+. ​Gale General OneFile​,

critical to their long-term success and competitiveness.

professional experience in related fields. Ben Mahmoud-Jouini is a professor of innovation and

entrepreneurship with a PhD in Strategy and Innovation Management. Fixson is a professor of

limits that can be placed on them by local zoning boards.

Mclane, Yelena, and Nadya Kozinets. "SPATIALITY, EXPERIENCES, AND THE

avenue for branding, marketing, and retention.

adopt to create spaces that engage students in the college community.

customer feedback and management of customer complaints, instantaneous business

communications, building a strong brand image, and marketing through customer

This article will help them to make that decision.

article is written for an audience of business professionals involved in marketing, public

color management process, Mouw makes an important contribution to color management

professionals and others who depend upon reliable color production.

after photos to illustrate the concepts discussed.

designers. Although no contact information is provided, Mullarkey could be contacted through

lessons relate to any small business or shop serving retail customers.

FutureSource/Bridge, LLC, which provides online information services. His professional

Research-Technology Management, Sept.-Oct. 2019, p. 50+. Gale General OneFile,

Academic OneFile Select,