Physics

Important MCQ’s for Final Papers

 Two Conductors are Carrying Charges of equal magnitude but are
of opposite sign is called a Capacitor.
 It is used to store charges. Also Stores Electrical Energy and Stores
Charges for a very Short Amount of time such Milli to Micro.
 Capacitors Always use Alternating Current.
 A potential difference Delta V Occurs Between the Plates.
 Unit of Potential Difference is Volt.
 Q is linearly Proportional to delta V.
 The Proportionality Constant Between them is C depends upon the
Shape and Separation of the Conductors.
 We Can Write it as C=QV where C is the Capacitance of the
Capacitor.
 The Capacitance of the Capacitor is the Ratio of Magnitude of
Charge to Magnitude of Potential Difference.
 By Defination Capacitance is always a Positive Quantity.
 The Potential Difference is always expressed as a Positive
Quantity Because it increases linearly with Stored Charge.
 The SI unit of Capacitance is Farad and One Farad is equal to 1
Coulomb divided by 1 volt.
 Farad is very large unit ranging from 10 power -6 to 10 power -12.
 The charge on the Capacitor is zero.
 We can use a dielectric between the plates of a capacitor to
prevent them from becoming Neutral(If a Di-electric is not Present
then the plates will attract Each other upto the Extent that they
will become Neutral).Neutral means chargeless.
 The Strongest Di-electric is Diamond But we use Mica in between
the plates.
 The Material which is electrically very strong is called Di-electric.
 When the Di-electric breaks it will become two poles. i.e: Positive
and Negative.
 Capacitance will increase only when we increase the size of Plates.
 The Distance Between the Plates Decreases So Capacitance
Increases.
 Capacitance is not a electrical or mechanical Property. It is a
Geometrical Property.
 Parallel Plates Capacitors have Capacitance C=EoA/d.
 It is directly Proportional to Area of Plates and inversely
Proportional to the distance between Plates.
 When the Area of the Plates increases Capacitance increases.
 When the Distance Between the Plates increases the Capacitance
decreases.
 When you have Vaccum between the Plates the Capacitance will
be Cv.
 When there is a medium between the Plates then the Capcitance
Cmed is greater then Cvac. Because C=EoA/d and C is directly
Proportional to Permitivity of Free Space in Simple Words it is a
Medium.
 Field is Uniform Between the Plates.
 While Field is Non-Uniform at the Edges.
 C=4pieEoR.
 Dimension of Eo= Nm square per Coulumb square.
 When the distance between the plates is less than the Area of the
Plates then we can use the equation E=Sigma/Eo.
 Rectifier is used to convert A.C to D.C.
 If the Radius of Outer Cylinder increases the Capacitance
decreases.
 If the Radius of inner cylinder increases the Capacitance increases.
 For Cylindrical Capacitor if the Area is Doubled then the Capcitance
will be Doubled. Because See the Equation C=EoA/d.
 If the Area and Separation both doubled then there is no effect on
Capacitance.
 For Spherical Capacitor if the Inner Radius and the outer radius is
Doubled then the Capacitance will be doubled.
 Two type of combination of Capacitors are there i.e: Series and
Parallel Combination.
 In Parallel Combination, the individual Potential Difference across
capacitors connected in Parallel is all Same and are equal to the
Potential Difference applied across the Combination.
 Potential Difference remains the same in Parallel Combination.
 The total Charges on Capacitor in parallel is the Sum of the Charges
on each capacitor.
 Total Capacitance in Parallel is Ceq=C1+C2.
 The Equivalent capacitance across the Parallel plate capacitor is
greater than the Capacitance of individual capacitor.
 In Series Combination the Potential is divided So the Charges
remain the Same.
 The total potential difference across any number of capacitors
connected in series is the sum of potential difference across
individual capacitor.
 When the Capacitor is fully charged the total charge on right plate
is –Q and on left plate is +Q in Series Combination.
 The equivalent Capacitance in series combination is always less
than any individual capacitance in the combination.
 If we have a Cylindrical Capacitor and the radius is doubled the
Capacitance will Remain the Same.
 If the radius of cylindrical capacitor is increased and the medium
between them is changed then capacitance will increase because C
is directly Proportional to Er and any other material has greater
permittivity than Vaccum(Eo).
 In case of spherical capacitor if the medium between them is
changed then Permitivity increases.
 In spherical capacitor if the radius of outer sphere is moved to
infinity then the Capacitance will be C=4pieEoR.
 In Spherical Capacitor if the radius of inner sphere is going to zero
then the Capacitance will be zero.
 In Spherical Capacitor if the internal and external radius is doubled
then the Capacitance will be doubled.
 The discharge of capacitor can often be observed as a visible spark.
 The work done in charging the capacitor is appeared as electric
potential energy.
 If U=1/2 C(delta V)square then the stored energy increases as the
Capacitance increases as well as the Potential difference increases
But in Practical there is a limit to maximum energy.
 At Sufficiently greater value of Potential difference the Capacitor
start discharging.
 The Volume occupied by electric field is Ad and energy per unit
volume is energy density.
 The energy density in any electric filed is directly Proportional to
the square of magnitude of electric filed at a given Point.
 If you Place two materials between the Plates then Eo and Er will
be multiplied and the Capacitance increases.
 Isolated Capacitors are the Capacitors in which one plate is at
infinity.
 When a dielectric is placed between the plates then the
Capacitance increases.
 If the dielectric fills the space between the plates then the
Capacitance increases by a dimensionless factor K.
 C=KCo.
 For parallel plate it is C=KEoA/d.
 For any spacing, the maximum voltage that can be applied to a
capacitor causing a discharge depends upon dielectric strength.
 If the magnitude of a electric field exceeds dielectric strength then
insulating properties breakdown and dielectric begins to conduct.
 Insulating materials have greater value of K than unity and
dielectric strengths.
 If the dielectric is introduced while the potential difference is being
maintained constant by a battery,
the charge increases to a value Q _ _Q 0 .
 The advantages of dielectric are:
 It increases capacitances and increase in maximum operating
voltage and also it possibly mechanical support between the
plates.
 An electrolytic capacitor is used to store large amount of charge or
relatively low voltages.
 Flow of charges through a cross sectional area is called current.
 During the motion they will face some fractions called resistance.
 Resistance has two types i.e : Mechanical Fraction and Electrical
Fraction.
 Mechanical fraction is resistance due to it’s mass, surrounding or
due to it’s structure while Electrical Resistance is due to some
charge repelling it.
 SI-unit of current is Ampere.
 It is convention to assign the current the same direction in which
the positive charges are flowing.
 Current is a scalar quantity the length in it is a vector quantity.
 The current is due to negative charges and the direction of current
is opposite to the flow of electrons.
 Mobile charge carrier in metal are electrons.
 The speed of charge carriers Vd is an average speed called the drift
speed.
 Resistance is a geometrical property.
 Resistivity is an intrinsic property.
 Current per unit cross sectional area is current density.
 In static equilibrium no electric field exists in the conductor.
 A current density J and an electric field E is established in the
conductor whenever a potential difference is maintained across
the conductor.
 The SI unit of current density J is A/m square.
 In general the current density is a vector quantity.
 for many materials (including most metals), the ratio of the
current density to
the electric field is a constant _ that is independent of the electric
field producing
the current.
 Conductivity and resistivity are the intrinsic properties of the
material.
 Two material may have the same resistance but they don’t have
the same conductivity and resistivity.
 Ideal conductor doesn’t exist.
 Ohm is the unit of Resistance while Ohm meter is the unit of
resistivity.
 Quartz is having the highest resistivity and it is a very good
insulator.
 Conductors always having the slope of a straight line while when
the line slope changes to some curve then it is no longer conductor
but it become a semi-conductor also known as diode.
 Ohmic law is not the fundamental relationship but rather an
empirical relationship valid only for certain materials.
 The ratio of potential difference across the conductor to the
current through the conductor is called resistance.
 Resistance has the SI unit as Volt/Ampere.
 An ideal conductor have zero resistivity while an ideal insulator
have infinity resistivity.
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