University of Canal Suez

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Power Engineering
Gas Dynamics; Level 5th
Dr. Abdelnabi Zaghloul Abdelnabi

Chapter 1

An introduction of compressible flow

 Aims and Outcomes
Aims
To provide and introductory to the theories of compressible flows as
part of the curriculum requirement and as a fundamental background
to aerospace propulsion course

The Course Outcomes

Understand the definitions
Be apple to do simple
and types of shock and
Understand the definition calculations related to Understand the concept of
expansion flow , oblique
and fundamentals concept applications of a generalization of subsonic
shock wave, shock
of compressible flow compressible flow an and supersonic flows
expansion interaction and
variation on geometric
unsteady expansion waves
Course Content
• Chapter (1) : An introduction of compressible flow
Definition and equations of compressible flow, Conservations laws, Sonic velocity and Mach number.
• Chapter (2) : Isentropic Flow, IF
Equations of isentropic flow and stagnation properties, IF converging and converging – diverging nozzle and
applications
• Chapter (3) : Normal Shock Waves, NSW
Stationary and moving normal shock waves, Working equations, shocks in nozzles and applications
• Chapter (4) : Oblique Shock Waves, OSW
Working equations and Oblique shock analysis
• Chapter (5) : Prandt-Meyer Flow
Analysis of Prandtl-Meyer flow and Shock-expansion interaction
• Chapter (6) : Adiabatic flow
Working equations, nozzle operation and analysis of Fanno flow
• Chapter (7) : Flow with heat transfer
Analysis of Rayleigh subsonic & supersonic flow
 Recommended text books

 Compressible fluid flow by Michel A.Saad

 Fundamental of gas dynamics by Robert D. Zucker
 Gas Dynamics by James and Theo Keith
 The factors Affecting on Compressed Flow :

q
1- Change in Cross section area

2- Friction.

3- Heat transfer.
A1 A2 A3
Gas Dynamics (defined)
 Gas Dynamics (Applications)

- Aerodynamics
- Steam turbines
- Explosions ( Ex; Detonation in comb. engine)
- Nozzle and jets
- Jet engine
- Space craft (Rockets)
- Bullets (shock eave)
 Review of prerequisite elements

Perfect gas
Thermodynamics laws
Isentropic flow
Conservation Laws
 1. Ideal Gas Equation

=
temperature
Pressure
Volume Mass Specific gas constant
* Not universal gas constant

Ideal Gas equation of state can be arrangement to give: : N/m2 abs

: kg/m3
= = R : ϳ/kg.k
T :k
2. Thermodynamics

1 st law

+ =
= +
= ℎ−

2 nd law
≥
 2. Thermodynamics
•Perfect gas Entropy
Equation of state
=
For calorically perfect gas
= , =
= +
=
= −
=
= +
= =
 3. Isentropic flow

ds=0
=

= =
/
= =
 3. Conservation laws

- Conservation of mass
(steady flow )

Rate of mass Rate of mass

=
enters C.V leaves C.V

+ + =
 3. Conservation laws

- Conservation of
momentum (steady flow )
Net force on gas Rate momentum Rate momentum
in C.V = leaves C.V - enters C.V

+ = ̇ − ̇

Surface Body
 3. Conservation laws

- Jet engine

= − + ̇ − ̇
 3. Conservation laws

- Rocket engine

= + ̇

: = −