Basic tips for building design

RCC Structure
 STRUCTURAL PLANNING OF R.C BUILDINGS

• Positioning and orientation of columns

• Positioning of beams
• Spanning of slabs
• Layout of staircase
• Selecting proper type of footing

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 Positioning and orientation of columns

• Near the corner of building

• At the intersection of beams/walls
• Avoid projection of column outside wall
• Depth of the column is contained with major axis
• Avoid larger centre to centre distance between column
• column on property line
 Columns
• Axial column
• Biaxial column
• Uniaxial column
Layout
Column width / dia 150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450
depth
150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450,500,530,600,680,750,800,840,900,1000
Column reinforcement details
 Positioning of beams

• Under the wall

• Avoid lager span of beam
• Avoid lager spacing of from deflection and cracking criteria
• Generally beam carrying live load up to 4 kN/m2 may be limited up
Beam type cantilever simply supported fixed/continues
Rectangle 3m 6m 8m
Flanged 5m 10m 12m
• Over reinforced
• Under reinforced
• Balanced reinforced
Beam
compression
concrete

Steel

tension
Shear in beam

Shear crack

Inclined bars

Bent up bars

Shear bars
Beam width 150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450
Depth
150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450,500,530,600,840,900,1000
 Beam reinforcement `

End Mid End

 Spanning of slab

• Generally economical compared to one way slab along with

both with spans
• Two way advantages large span greater than 3m live load greater than
3kN/m2
• Decide type of slab
Slabs
• Yield line theory
• One way slab
• Two way slab Lx
 Ly
One way slab

Lx

Ly
two way slab
Practical size of members
Slab thickness 100 , 110,120,125,130,140,150,160,180,200
 Selecting proper type of footing

• Carried by column and bearing capacity of the supporting soil

• Drill holes and trial pits should be taken and in situ plate load test (for big
projects)
• Black cotton soils great depth pile foundation
• Columns are very closely spaced and bearing capacity of the soil is low raft
foundation alter choice
• Boundary line a combined footing or strap footing provided
 Loads and material

• Dead load
• Live load
• Impact load
• Wind load
• Earthquake load
Live load

Education building

• Class room 3.0 kN/m2

• Dinning rooms 3.0+kN/m2
• Offices staff rooms 2.5 kN/m2
• Store room 5 kN/m2
• Passages corridors 4 kN/m2
• Practical size of members
Slab thickness 100 , 110,120,125,130,140,150,160,180,200
Beam width 150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450
depth
150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450,500,530,600,840,900,1000
Column width / dia 150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450
depth
150,200,230,250,300,380,400,450,500,530,600,680,750,800,840,900,1
000
Thank you