Research Title

COVID-19
Personal Hygiene
Emergency First Aid

Subject:
SEMINAR

PROFESSOR:
ENGR. MARY ROSE S. CRUZ, MAED

SUBMITTED BY:
REVILLA, MELISSA JEAN A.

COURSE:
BS Electronics Communication Engineering

Date Submitted:

March 25, 2020

 COVID-19

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In 2019, a
new coronavirus was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak that originated in China.
The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Cases of COVID-19 have been reported in a growing number of countries, including the U.S.
Public health groups, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are monitoring the situation and posting updates on their
websites. WHO declared a global pandemic in March 2020. These groups have also issued
recommendations for preventing and treating the illness.

Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 may appear two to 14 days after exposure and can include:

 Fever
 Cough
 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Other symptoms can include:

 Tiredness
 Aches
 Runny nose
 Sore throat
The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can range from very mild to severe. Some people have no
symptoms. People who are older or have existing chronic medical conditions, such as heart or
lung disease or diabetes, may be at higher risk of serious illness. This is similar to what is seen
with other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza.

When to see a doctor

Contact your doctor or clinic right away if you have COVID-19 symptoms, you've been exposed to
someone with COVID-19, or you live in or have traveled from an area with ongoing community
spread of COVID-19 as determined by CDC and WHO. Call your doctor ahead to tell him or her
about your symptoms and recent travels and possible exposure before you go to your
appointment.
Anyone with respiratory symptoms who hasn't been in an area with ongoing community spread
can contact his or her doctor or clinic for further recommendations and guidance. Let your doctor
know if you have other chronic medical conditions. As the pandemic progresses, it's important to
make sure health care is available for those in greatest need.

Causes
It's unclear exactly how contagious the new coronavirus is. It appears to spread from person to
person among those in close contact. It may be spread by respiratory droplets released when
someone with the virus coughs or sneezes.
It may also be spread if a person touches a surface with the virus on it and then touches his or her
mouth, nose or eyes.
Risk factors
Risk factors for COVID-19 appear to include:

 Recent travel from or residence in an area with ongoing community spread of COVID-19 as
determined by CDC or WHO
 Close contact with someone who has COVID-19 — such as when a family member or
health care worker takes care of an infected person

Complications
Complications can include:

 Pneumonia in both lungs

 Organ failure in several organs
 Death

Prevention
Although there is no vaccine available to prevent infection with the new coronavirus, you can take
steps to reduce your risk of infection. WHO and CDC recommend following these precautions for
avoiding COVID-19:

 Avoid large events and mass gatherings.

 Avoid close contact (about 6 feet) with anyone who is sick or has symptoms.
 Keep distance between yourself and others if COVID-19 is spreading in your community,
especially if you have a higher risk of serious illness.
 Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
 Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw
away the used tissue.
 Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth if your hands aren't clean.
 Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, bedding and other household items if you're sick.
 Clean and disinfect surfaces you often touch on a daily basis.
 Stay home from work, school and public areas if you're sick, unless you're going to get
medical care. Avoid taking public transportation if you're sick.
CDC doesn't recommend that healthy people wear a face mask to protect themselves from
respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19. Only wear a mask if a health care provider tells you to
do so.

WHO also recommends that you:

 Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat or animal organs.

 Avoid contact with live animals and surfaces they may have touched if you're visiting live
markets in areas that have recently had new coronavirus cases.
If you have a chronic medical condition and may have a higher risk of serious illness, check with
your doctor about other ways to protect yourself.
Travel
If you're planning to travel internationally, first check the CDC and WHO websites for updates and
advice. Also look for any health advisories that may be in place where you plan to travel. You may
also want to talk with your doctor if you have health conditions that make you more susceptible to
respiratory infections and complications.

Personal Hygiene

Personal hygiene is how you care for your body. This practice includes bathing, washing your
hands, brushing your teeth, and more.

Every day, you come into contact with millions of outside germs and viruses. They can linger on
your body, and in some cases, they may make you sick. Personal hygiene practices can help you
and the people around you prevent illnesses. They can also help you feel good about your
appearance.

Learn more about why hygiene is so important, the best ways to practice it, and how you can
change your habits to make yourself feel and look better.

Types of personal hygiene

Each person’s idea of personal hygiene differs. These main categories are a useful place to start
for building good hygiene habits:
Toilet hygiene
Wash your hands after you use the restroom. Scrub with soap for 20 to 30 seconds, and be sure
to clean between your fingers, on the back of your hands, and under your nails. Rinse with warm
water, and dry with a clean towel.
If you don’t have running water or soap, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer will also work. Use one
that’s at least 60 percent alcohol.
Shower hygiene
Personal preference may dictate how often you wish to shower, but most people will benefit from
a rinse at least every other day. Showering with soap helps rinse away dead skin cells, bacteria,
and oils.
You should also wash your hair at least twice a week. Shampooing your hair and scalp helps
remove skin buildup and protects against oily residues that can irritate your skin.Nail hygiene
Trim your nails regularly to keep them short and clean. Brush under them with a nail brush or
washcloth to rinse away buildup, dirt, and germs.
Tidying your nails helps you prevent spreading germs into your mouth and other body openings.
You should also avoid biting your nails.
Teeth hygiene
Good dental hygiene is about more than just pearly white teeth. Caring for your teeth and gums is
a smart way to prevent gum diseases and cavities.

Brush at least twice a day for 2 minutes. Aim to brush after you wake up and before bed. If you
can, brush after every meal, too. Floss between your teeth daily, and ask your dentist about using
an antibacterial mouthwash.
These two steps can help prevent tooth decay and eliminate pockets where bacteria and germs
can build up.
Sickness hygiene
If you’re not feeling well, you should take steps to keep from spreading germs to others. This
includes covering your mouth and nose when sneezing, wiping down shared surfaces with an
antibacterial wipe, and not sharing any utensils or electronics. Also, immediately throw away any
soiled tissues.
Hands hygiene
Germs on your hands can easily enter your body through your mouth, nose, eyes, or ears. Wash
your hands:
 when you handle food
 before you eat
 if you handle garbage
 when you sneeze
 any time you touch an animal

Emergency First Aid

First aid is promptly helping people who are suddenly sick (illnesses) or hurt (injuries or body
damage). For example, first aid is used at accidents to help an injured person until they receive
medical treatment (help by doctors, nurses or ambulances). First aid is also used to help people
who suddenly become sick, until help arrives or they can be taken to medical care.
A person does not need much equipment to give first aid. A package of things useful to give first
aid is called a first aid kit. Lives can be saved even without a first aid kit. What is required is basic
knowledge. First aid can be done just about anywhere that an emergency requires. In places far
from hospitals, first aid may be the only help possible until the person can be taken to a hospital
or clinic.

Emergency medical dispatchers are trained in first aid, so that if there is an emergency, they can
give the caller some information on what to do until the ambulance arrives. This can include the
"C-A-B" listed below.
First aid skills are kept simple on purpose so that people can remember and use them in an
emergency to save at least one life.

One set of goals of first aid is called the "Three P's":

 Preserve life – stop the person from dying

 Prevent further injury – stop the person from being injured even more. If possible, an
injured person should not be moved. First aid can include how to safely move injured people --
or move them anyway with less harm if there is no choice.
 Promote recovery – try to help the person heal their injuries
Another set of goals for keeping a badly hurt person alive is sometimes called "C-A-B" :

Circulation (or Compressions) keep blood inside the body and the heart beating. Compressions

refers to a part of CPR called Hands Only CPR, where someone pushes with their hands on the
center of a person's chest over and over again to keep blood flowing to the brain. This requires no
kit and only a little training. Emergency medical dispatchers can tell a person how by telephone or
radio.

o Keeping blood inside the body can be done using a piece of cloth (which soaks up
blood) to apply firm pressure to the bleeding area(s). This "direct pressure" is the simplest
and most effective way to stop bleeding. Others such as a tourniquet are taught in first aid
classes. If a first aid kit is not there, a cloth "dressing" for direct pressure can be made from
ripped or cut clothing. Traditionally it was taught to use the patient’s clothing, if practicable,
as any bacteria will be familiar to the patient.

Airway - keep a path open for air to go from the mouth to the lungs. Turning an ill person on their
side if they have vomited ("thrown up") may help keep the airway open so they can breathe.
Moving a hurt person can make their injuries worse. But without an airway, a person cannot
breathe and will soon die unless an airway can be re-opened. A choking person with no airway
can be helped with abdominal thrusts, sometimes called the Heimlich maneuver.

Breathing - move air from the outside into the lungs. "Giving breaths" is blowing air into someone
else's mouth while holding their nose shut and watching their chest rise from the air you blow in.
This is taught as part of CPR. A helper could get sick from "giving breaths" to someone who has a
disease. A CPR class can teach how to use a CPR mask to make this much safer. A first aid kit
may include a CPR mask or barrier device.