Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The soundings are located by the observations made from the boat or from the shore or from both.
There are four methods are there to locate the soundings by:
1.Conning the survey vessel
2.Observations with theodolite or sextant
3.Theodolite angles and EDM distances from the shore
4.Microwave systems
Sounding by Conning the Survey Vessel
In this method, conning means keeping the boat at known course. This method is suitable for rivers,
open sea up to 5 km off shore. The markers are fixed on the shore called as ranges along which vessel or
boat is run. This method is again sub divided into two types as follows.
But, there are some advantages in this method as compared with above method. Angle measured from
the shore from different stations is difficult when compared to angle observed from the boat to all
stations.
So, the surveyor in this case has better control over the operations. Check can be made by measuring
second angle towards some other signal on the shore for important fixes.
If the angle made by instrument is less than 300 then new instrument station is selected. In this case,
primary setting out and erecting range signals are eliminated. This method is useful when water currents
are strong and difficult to row the boat along range line.
The known positions may be light house, church spire, etc. like objects on the shore. If fixed positions are
not available, then go for shore signals or ranging rods.
By One Angle from the Shore and One Angle from Boat
This method also requires two instruments and two men to operate. This is the combination of above
two methods. In this method, two instrument points are located on the shore and instrument is placed
only at one point. Other instrument is placed in the boat.
The first angle is measured from the first point on the shore to boat and from the boat second angle is
measured from boat to second point. At that instant sounding is measured.
By Intersecting Angles
In this method, sounding is determined periodically at same points. This method is essentially used for
harbors, reservoirs etc. to know the amount of silting or scouring happened at that points.
Number of signals are erected on the shore and a boat is rowed perpendicular to the shore and measure
the sounding at a point where inclined line of signal intersect the line of signal next to it as shown in fig.
Flag rods are erected at sounding points to avoid confusion for the next round of measuring.
By Tachometry
In this method, tachometer is placed on the shore and staff is placed on a boat. The staff intercept “s” is
known by tachometer from this the distance between boat and instrument is known. This method is
suitable when water is stable and sounding location is nearer to the shore.
Sounding by Theodolite Angles and EDM Distances from Shore
In this method, EDM and Theodolite are placed on the shore in fixed positions. From this set up, the
reflector placed on the boat is targeted and point of sounding is located.
This method is more accurate when the water is still. This is one of the modern methods of fixing
sounding vessel.
The distances are measured from boat to the shore stations using micro waves produced by
tellurometer. Now from all these known distances the antenna produces the two sets of range
information. Tellurometer is useful for distances up to 100km from the shore.