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Blue Ocean
Strategy: How
to Create Uncontested
Market Space and Make the
Competition Irrelevant
G.R. No. 102383 November 26, 1992 by
by W.
W. Chan
Chan Kim
Kim
Lessons Applicable:
How to Talk to
Forgery (Negotiable Instruments Law) Anyone: 92
Little Tricks for Big
Special Rules on Experts and Professionals (Torts and Damages)
Success in Relationships
by
by Leil
Leil Lowndes
Lowndes
FACTS:
October 9, 1981 afternoon: Eligia G. Fernando who had a money market The
placement as evidenced by a promissory note with a maturity date of Presentation
November 11, 1981 amounting to P2,462,243.19 called Reginaldo Secrets of Steve Jobs
by
by Carmine
Carmine Gallo
Gallo
Eustaquio, Dealer Trainee in BPI's Money Market Department to
preterminate the placement The 7 Habits
but she was told "trading time" was over for that Friday, and suggested that of Highly
she call again the following week Effective People: Powerful
The promissory note the caller wanted to preterminate was a roll-over of an Lessons in Personal Change
by
by Stephen
Stephen R.
R. Covey
Covey
earlier 50-day money market placement that had matured on September
24, 1981
Later that afternoon, Eustaquio conveyed the request for pretermination to
Penelope Bulan, but Eustaquio was left to attend to the pretermination
process
October 12, 1981 morning: Eligia followed up with Eustaquio.
Eustaquio knew the real Eligia G. Fernando to be the Treasurer of Philippine
American Life Insurance Company (Philamlife) since he was handling Follow On Instagram
Philamlife's corporate money market account.
But neither Eustaquio nor Bulan who originally handled Fernando's account,
nor anybody else at BPI, bothered to call up Fernando at her Philamlife
office to verify the request for pretermination
Despite being informed that the placement would yield less than the
maturity value, Eligia still insisted
Eustaquio proceeded to prepare the "purchase order slip" for the requested
pretermination as required by office procedure.
The 2 cashier's checks, together with the papers consisting of the money
market placement was to be preterminated and the promissory note to be
preterminated, were sent to Gerlanda E. de Castro (Manager) and Celestino
Sampiton, Jr., (Administrative Assistant) in both signatories from BPI's
Treasury Operations Department.
Having been singed, the checks now went to the dispatcher for delivery
Later in the same morning, the same caller changed the delivery
instructions that she will personally pick them up the checks or send her
niece.
Eustaquio told her that if were her niece, a written authorization is required.
November 12, 1981: Eligia supported w/ affidavit Corporate Case Digest: PNB v. Ritratto
Group, Inc....
BPI returned the 2 checks in controversy to CBC for the reason "Payee's
Corporate Law Case Digest: Remo Jr.
endorsement forged"
v. IAC (1989)
CBC returned the checks for reason "Beyond Clearing Time"
Corporate Law Notes: Separate
CA afformed RTC: favored BPI
Juridical Personalit...
BPI: present clearing guarantee requirement imposed on the representing or
Corporate Law Notes Outline
collecting bank under the PCHC rules and regulations is independent of the
Land Titles and Deeds Notes:
Negotiable Instruments Law Voluntary Dealings wi...
Negotiable Instruments Notes: Rights
ISSUE: W/N BPI should be liable for the forged check because of the doctrine of of the Holder...
last clear chance Negotiable Instruments Notes:
Negotiation (Sec. 30...
HELD: NO. Modified. BPI 60% CBC 40% of the loss Corporate Law Case Digest: Lee v. CA
Section 23 of the Negotiable Instruments Law thereof is not applicable in (1992)
the light of the absolute liability of the representing or collecting bank as Negotiable Instruments Notes Outline
regards forged endorsements in consonance with the clearing guarantee Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
requirement imposed upon the presenting or collecting banks "as it is International ...
worded today." Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Administrative regulations adopted under legislative authority by a particular PNB v. CA, Cap...
department must be in harmony with the provisions of the law, and should Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Metrobank v. F...
be for the sole purpose of carrying into effect its general provisions. By such
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
regulations, of course, the law itself cannot be extended. (U.S. v. Tupasi
Montinola v. P...
Molina, supra)
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
In case of discrepancy between the basic law and a rule or regulation issued
Philippine Com...
to implement said law the basic law prevails because said rule or regulation
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
cannot go beyond the terms and provisions of the basic law (People v. Lim)
BPI v. CA (200...
Section 23 of the Negotiable Instruments Law
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Traders Royal ...
When signature is forged or made without the authority of the person whose
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
signature it purports to be, it is wholly inoperative and no right to retain the Manila Lighter...
instrument, or to give discharge therefore, or to enforce payment thereof, Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
against any party thereto, can be acquired through or under such forged Far East Bank ...
signature, unless the party against whom it is sought to enforce such right is Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
precluded from setting up the forgery or want of authority. Allied Banking...
2 parts of the provision Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Allied Banking...
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
1. GR: forged signature = "wholly inoperative" and payment made "through Philippine Ban...
or under such signature" = ineffectual or does not discharge the Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
instrument State Investme...
2. EX: when the party relying in the forgery is "precluded from setting up the Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Garcia v. Llam...
forgery or want of authority - negligence of the party invoking forgery
Negotiable Instruments Case
BPI as drawee bank and CBC as representing/collecting bank were both Digest:Caneda Jr. v. C...
negligent resulting in the encashment of the forged checks Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Bautista v. Au...
BPI
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Not verifying the phone call
Co v. Admiral ...
officer who used to handle Eligia G. Fernando's account did not do
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
anything about the account's pre-termination
Agro Conglomer...
No verification on Eligia'ssignature on the letter requesting the pre-
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
termination and the letter authorizing her niece to pick-up the checks, BPI v. Fidelit...
yet, her signature was in BPI's file Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Failure to ask for the surrender of the promissory note evidencing the Security Bank ...
money market placement that was supposedly pre-terminated Negotiable Instruments, Torts and
Damages Case Dig...
CBC Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
the opening of the impostor's current account in the name of Eligia G. MWSS v. CA (19...
Fernando Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
the deposit of account of the 2 checks in controversy Metrobank v. C...
the withdrawal of their proceeds Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Republic v. Eb...
Doctrine of Last Clear Chance: negligent acts of the 2 parties were not Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
contemporaneous, since the negligence of the one succeeded the negligence Jai-Alai Corp....
of the another by an appreciable interval. Under these circumstances the Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Great Eastern ...
law is that the person who has the last fair chance to avoid the impending
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
harm and fails to do so is chargeable with the consequences, without
Republic of th...
reference to the prior negligence of the other party
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
It is not unnatural or unexpected that after taking the risk of impersonating
San Carlos Mil...
Eligia G. Fernando with the connivance of BPI's employees, the impostor
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
would complete her deception by encashing the forged checks. There is
Francisco v. C...
therefore, greater reason to rule that the proximate cause of the payment of
Land Titles and Deeds Notes: Real
the forged checks by an impostor was due to the negligence of petitioner Estate Mortgage ...
BPI. Land Titles and Deeds Notes Outline
Due care on the part of CBC could have prevented any loss. The Court Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
cannot ignore the fact that the CBC employees closed their eyes to the Associated Ban...
suspicious circumstances of huge over-the-counter withdrawals made Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
immediately after the account was opened. The opening of the account itself Insular Drugs ...
was accompanied by inexplicable acts clearly showing negligence. Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
while we do not apply the last clear chance doctrine as controlling in this Republic Plant...
case, still the CBC employees had ample opportunity to avoid the harm Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
which befell both CBC and BPI. They let the opportunity slip by when the Pacheco v. CA ...
ordinary prudence expected of bank employees would have sufficed to seize Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Consolidated P...
it
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
While it is true that petitioner BPI's negligence may have been the
Traders Royal ...
proximate cause of the loss, CBC's negligence contributed equally to the
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
success of the impostor in encashing the proceeds of the forged checks
Caltex (Phils....
Article 2179 of the Civil Code to the effect that while CBC may recover its
Corporate Law Case Digest: San Juan
losses, such losses are subject to mitigation by the court Structural v. ...
Both banks were negligent in the selection and supervision of their Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
employees resulting in the encashment of the forged checks by an Dy v. People (...
impostor. Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Astro Electron...
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Labels: 1992, BPI v. CA, Case Digest, forgery, G.R. No. 102383, Juris Doctor,
Philippine Air...
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest, Negotiable Instruments Law, November 26, Special
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Rules on Experts and Professionals, torts and damages Wee Sion Ben v...
Corporate Law Case Digest: Gelano v.
CA (1981)
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Violago v. BA ...
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Equitable PCI ...
Newer Post Home Older Post Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Moran v. CA an...
04/19 (1) 1.2 (1) 11/20 (1) 121479 (1) 128604 (1) 1906 (1) 1909 (2) 1910 (13) 1911 (2) 1912 (1) 1914 (10) 1915 (6) Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Velasquez v. S...
1917 (1) 1918 (9) 1920 (4) 1921 (1) 1922 (8) 1923 (2) 1925 (4) 1926 (4) 1927 (3) 1929 (1) 1930 (4) 1931 (4)
1932 (2) 1933 (4) 1935 (4) 1935 constitution (1) 1936 (2) 1937 (4) 1938 (1) 1940 (2) 1942 (5) 1943 (2) 1946 (2) 1948
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Prudential Ban...
(2) 1949 (4) 1950 (2) 1951 (9) 1952 (3) 1953 (3) 1954 (8) 1955 (6) 1956 (2) 1957 (4) 1958 (3) 1960 (2) 1961
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
(6) 1961 Juris Doctor (2) 1962 (6) 1963 (7) 1964 (6) 1965 (4) 1966 (12) 1967 (13) 1968 (10) 1969 (2) 1970 (2)
Philippine Nat...
1971 (2) 1972 (2) 1973 (5) 1974 (2) 1975 (10) 1976 (2) 1977 (6) 1978 (8) 1979 (6) 1980 (4) 1981 (8) 1982 (10)
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
1983 (8) 1984 (7) 1985 (3) 1986 (8) 1987 (7) 1987 Constitution (4) 1988 (10) 1989 (18) 1990 (15) 1991
Salas v. CA (1...
(12) 1992 (26) 1992.Nature of Certificate of Stock (2) 1993 (23) 1994 (20) 1995 (15) 1996 (11) 1997 (26)
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
1997 rules of civil procedure (1) 1998 (23) 1999 (42) 2/10 (1) 2000 (25) 2001 (22) 2002 (22) 2003 (28) 2004
Roman Catholic...
(7) 2005 (16) 2006 (45) 2007 (27) 2008 (35) 2009 (13) 2010 (16) 2011 (10) 2012 (4) 2012 bar exam
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
results (1) 2013 (1) 2014 (3) 2014 bar exam passers (1) 2014 bar exam results (1) 2015 (2) 2016 bar passers (1) 2016 bar
Cebu Internati...
results (1) 2016 bar top notchers (1) 2016 successful bar candidates (1) 212 U.S. 449 (2) 246 Corporation v. Daway (2) 283
Corporate Law Case Digest: Edward J.
U.S. 102 (2) 295 U.S. 247 (2) 309 U.S. 78 (2) 4-year grace period (2) 997 (1) A.M. No. 190 (2) A.M. No. MTJ-92-716 (2) A.M.
Nell Co. v. P...
No. RTJ-02-1673 (2) A.M. No. RTJ-07-2062 (1) A.M. RTJ-07-2062 (1) abandoned (1) Aboitiz Shipping Corp v Insurance Co
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
of North America (1) ABSCBN v. CA (1) acceptance (2) acceptance by obligee (1) Accommodation (2) Accommodation
Metropolitan B...
Party (17) accomodation party (5) Accrual method (3) Acknowledgement receipt (1) acop v piraso (1) Actionable
Negotiable Instruments Case Digest:
Document (10) Actual or Compensatory Damage (1) administrative expenses (2) Aggravating circumstance (2) Agner v.
Great Asian Sa...
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R. No. 164317 (1) G. R. No. 164317 February 6 (2) G.R. 79050-51 (1) G.R. No 48196 (2) G.R. No. 146635 (2) G.R. No.
166862 (1) G.R. No. 168100 November 20 (1) G.R. No. 101083 (2) G.R. No. 101163 (2) G.R. No. 101503 (2) G.R. No.
102253 (2) G.r. No. 102342 (2) G.R. No. 102383 (2) G.R. No. 103119 (2) G.R. No. 103379 (2) G.R. No. 103554 (1) G.R. No.
103577 (1) G.R. No. 104376 (1) G.R. No. 104376 February 23 (1) G.R. No. 105562 (2) G.R. No. 105774 (2) G.R. No. 105836
(2) G.R. No. 106720 (1) G.R. No. 107062 (2) G.R. No. 107382 (1) G.R. No. 107382/G.R. No. 107612 (1) G.R. No. 107508 (2)
G.R. No. 107518 (2) G.R. No. 107612 (1) G.R. No. 108017 (2) G.R. No. 108581 (1) G.R. No. 109491 (1) G.R. No. 111584 (2)
G.R. No. 111692 (2) G.R. No. 112024 (2) G.R. No. 112160 (3) G.R. No. 112212 (2) G.R. No. 112287 (1) G.R. No. 112287
December 12 (1) G.R. No. 112392 (2) G.R. No. 112573 (2) G.R. No. 113213 (1) G.R. No. 113578 (2) G.R. No. 113725 (1)
G.R. No. 113899 (1) G.R. No. 114061 (3) G.R. No. 114118 (2) G.R. No. 115024 (1) G.R. No. 115117 (2) G.R. No. 115156
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(1) G.R. No. 123031 (2) G.R. No. 123404 (2) G.R. No. 123486 (1) G.R. No. 124050 (2) G.R. No. 124062 (2) G.R. No. 124099
(1) G.R. No. 124354 (2) G.R. No. 124371 (2) G.R. No. 124520 (2) G.R. No. 125508 (2) G.R. No. 125678 (2) G.R. No. 125835
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126518 (2) G.R. No. 126670 December 2 (2) G.R. No. 127326 (2) G.R. No. 127823 (2) G.R. No. 128286 (2) G.R. No.
128604 (1) G.R. No. 128690 (2) G.R. No. 128721 (2) G.R. No. 129433 (2) G.R. No. 129459 (2) G.R. No. 129584 (2) G.R. No.
129792 (2) G.R. No. 129910 (2) G.R. No. 130030 (2) G.R. No. 130421 (2) G.R. No. 131166 (1) G.R. No. 131621 (1) G.R. No.
132403 (2) G.R. No. 132419 (2) G.R. No. 133179 (2) G.R. No. 133632 (2) G.R. No. 134784 (2) G.R. No. 136448 (1) G.R. No.
136448 November 3 (1) G.R. No. 136729 (2) G.R. No. 137775 (1) G.R. No. 138033 (2) G.R. No. 138074 (2) G.R. No.
138322 (1) G.R. No. 138510 (2) G.R. No. 138569 (2) G.R. No. 138739 (2) G.R. No. 139325 (2) G.R. No. 139465 (1) G.R.
NO. 139802 (2) G.R. No. 140006-10 (2) G.R. No. 140047 (2) G.R. No. 140698 (3) G.R. No. 140707 (2) G.R. No. 142616
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148444 (1) G.R. No. 148496 (1) G.R. No. 148560 (2) G.R. No. 148571 (1) G.R. No. 149038 (2) G.R. No. 151079 (1) G.R. No.
151445 April 11 (1) G.R. No. 151445 April 11 (1) G.R. No. 151969 (2) G.R. No. 152133 (2) G.R. No. 153675 (1) G.R. No.
153898 October 18 (2) G.R. No. 154068 (2) G.R. No. 154127 (2) G.R. No. 154469 (2) G.R. No. 154514 (1) G.R. No. 154740
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157977 (1) G.R. No. 158262 (2) G.R. No. 158312 (2) G.R. No. 159747 (1) G.R. No. 161886 (1) G.R. No. 162230 (2) G.R. No.
163583 (1) G.R. No. 163583 August 20 (1) G.R. No. 1641 (1) G.R. No. 165109 (2) G.R. No. 165300 (1) G.R. No. 165483 (2)
G.R. No. 165546 (2) G.R. No. 165842 (2) G.R. No. 165993 (2) G.R. No. 166006 March 14 (2) G.R. No. 166006 March 14 (1)
G.R. No. 166245 (2) G.R. No. 166326 (2) G.R. No. 166405 (2) G.R. No. 166479 (2) G.R. No. 167330 (2) g.r. no. 167571 (1)
G.R. No. 168100 November 20 (1) G.R. No. 168115 (2) G.R. No. 168118 (2) G.R. No. 168274 (2) G.R. No. 168402 (2) G.R.
No. 170257 (2) G.R. No. 170325 (2) G.R. No. 170984 (2) G.R. No. 171052 (2) G.R. No. 172231 (2) G.R. No. 172896 (2) G.R.
No. 172966 (2) G.R. No. 173594 (1) G.R. No. 173915 (1) G.R. No. 174489 (1) G.R. No. 176165 (2) G.R. No. 176831 (1) G.R.
No. 177982 (2) G.R. No. 178090 (2) G.R. No. 178523 (2) G.R. No. 17958 (2) G.R. No. 179859 (1) G.R. No. 180356 (2) G.R.
No. 181132 (2) G.R. No. 182963 (1) G.R. No. 183526 (1) G.R. No. 183905 (2) G.R. No. 184823 (2) G.R. No. 194515 (2) G.R.
No. 20341 (2) G.R. No. 23703 (2) G.R. No. 34774 (2) G.R. No. 44119 (2) G.R. No. 48541 (2) G.R. No. 6659 (2) G.R. No.
71871 (1) G.R. No. 72110 (2) G.R. No. 72593 (2) G.R. No. 73886 (2) G.R. No. 74695 (1) G.R. No. 74761 (2) G.R. No. 74886
(2) G.R. No. 75605 (2) G.R. No. 76452 (2) G.R. No. 76788 (2) G.R. No. 80294-95 (1) G.R. No. 80447 (2) G.R. No. 81322 (2)
G.R. No. 83122 (2) G.R. No. 84197 (1) G.R. No. 84197 July 28 (2) G.R. No. 85141 (3) G.R. No. 88724 (2) G.R. No.
88866 (2) G.R. No. 89802 (2) G.R. No. 89880 (2) G.R. No. 92087 (1) G.R. No. 92244 (2) G.R. No. 92288 (3) G.R. No.
93048 (2) G.R. No. 93073 (2) G.R. No. 93397 (2) G.R. No. 93695 (2) G.R. No. 94071 (2) G.R. No. 95322 (2) G.R. No. 95529
(2) G.R. No. 95546 (1) G.R. No. 95582 (3) G.R. No. 95641 (2) G.R. No. 95696 (2) G.R. No. 95696. March 3 (2) G.R. No.
97336 (2) G.R. No. 97626 (2) G.R. No. 97753 (2) G.R. No. 99301 (2) G.R. No. L-12189 (2) G.R. No. L-12190 (1) G.R. No. L-
12191 (2) G.R. No. L-12219 (2) G.R. No. L-12736 (2) G.R. No. L-12858 (2) G.R. No. L-12907 (2) G.R. No. L-13005 (1) G.R.
No. L-14003 (1) G.R. No. L-14074 (1) G.R. No. L-14300 (2) G.R. No. L-14441 (1) G.R. No. L-14441 December 17 (1) G.R.
No. L-14986 (2) G.R. No. L-15126 (2) G.R. No. L-15184 (2) G.R. No. L-15894 (2) G.R. No. L-15895 (2) G.R. No. L-16138 (2)
G.R. No. L-16215 (2) G.R. No. L-16567 (2) G.R. No. L-1669 (2) G.R. No. L-16749 (1) G.R. No. L-17312 (1) G.R. No. L-17474
(2) G.R. No. L-17845 (2) G.R. No. L-18216 (2) G.R. No. L-18287 (2) G.R. No. L-18657 (2) G.R. No. L-18924 (2) G.R. No.
L-18965 (3) G.R. No. L-18979 (1) G.R. No. L-19189 (2) G.R. No. L-19550 (2) G.R. No. L-20081 (2) G.R. No. L-20357 (1)
G.R. No. L-20434 (2) G.R. No. L-20850 (2) G.R. No. L-20853 (2) G.R. No. L-21278 (2) G.R. No. L-21291 (2) G.R. No. L-
21380 (2) G.R. No. L-21462 (2) G.R. No. L-21500 (2) G.R. No. L-21574 (2) G.R. No. L-21642 (2) G.R. No. L-22042 (2) G.R.
No. L-2227 (2) G.R. No. L-22375 (1) G.R. No. L-22554 (2) G.R. No. L-22595 (1) G.R. No. L-22796 (2) G.R. No. L-2294 (2)
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(2) G.R. No. L-26743 (2) G.R. No. L-26767 (2) G.R. No. L-27155 (2) G.R. No. L-28093 (2) G.R. No. L-28120 (2) G.R. No. L-
2855 (2) G.R. No. L-2861 (2) G.R. No. L-28673 (2) G.R. No. L-28946 (1) G.R. No. L-29276 (2) G.R. No. L-29432 (2) G.R. No.
L-30389 (2) G.R. No. L-30896 (1) G.R. No. L-31195 (2) G.R. No. L-32213 (1) G.R. No. L-32611 (2) G.R. No. L-33171 (2) G.R.
No. L-3362 (1) G.R. No. L-33722 (2) G.R. No. L-34539 (2) G.R. No. L-34539 July 14 (1) G.R. No. L-3497 (1) G.R. No. L-
35095 (2) G.R. No. L-35262 (2) G.R. No. L-35283 (2) G.R. No. L-36481-2 (2) G.R. No. L-37750 (2) G.R. No. L-38037 (2)
G.R. No. L-38338 (1) G.R. No. L-38613 (2) G.R. No. L-38684 (2) G.R. No. L-38816 (2) G.R. No. L-39050 (2) G.R. No. L-
39247 (2) G.R. No. L-39419 (2) G.R. No. L-40207 (1) G.R. No. L-4067 (1) G.R. No. L-40796 (2) G.R. No. L-4170 (1) G.R. No.
L-4197 (2) G.R. No. L-42462 (2) G.R. No. L-4254 (2) G.R. No. L-43191 (2) G.R. No. L-43596 (1) G.R. No. L-44059 (2) G.R.
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48250 (2) G.R. No. L-48321 (1) G.R. No. L-48757 (3) G.R. No. L-48796 (2) G.R. No. L-49101 (2) G.R. No. L-49188 (2)
G.R. No. L-49390 (2) G.R. No. L-4963 (1) G.R. No. L-4977 (2) G.R. No. L-50373 (2) G.R. No. L-50959 (2) G.R. No. L-51806
(2) G.R. No. L-51832 (2) G.R. No. L-5270 (2) G.R. No. L-5272 (4) G.R. No. L-5377 (1) G.R. No. L-54216 (2) G.R. No. L-
55079 (2) G.R. No. L-55397 (2) G.R. No. L-56169 June 26 (1) G.R. No. L-56487 (2) G.R. No. L-56655 (2) G.R. No. L-5715
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60502 (2) G.R. No. L-6055 (2) G.R. No. L-6114 (2) G.R. No. L-62943 (2) G.R. No. L-6442 (1) G.R. No. L-67626 (2) G.R. No.
L-67835 (2) G.R. No. L-6801 (1) G.R. No. L-69044 (1) G.R. No. L-7188 (1) G.R. No. L-7664 (2) G.R. No. L-7667 (2) G.R. No.
L-7760 (2) G.R. No. L-7991 (2) G.R. No. L-8110 (2) G.R. No. L-81827 (3) G.R. No. L-8385 (2) G.R. No. L-8451 (2) G.R.
No. L-8527 (1) G.R. No. L-8844 (2) G.R. No. L-9356 (2) G.R. No. L-9374 (2) G.R. No. L-9401 (2) G.R. No. L-9671 (1) G.R.
No.113558 (1) G.R. No.148496 (1) G.R. No.L-17312 (1) G.R. No.L-4611 (1) G.R. Nos. 105965-70 (1) G.R. Nos. 113255-56
(2) G.R. Nos. 118498 & 124377 (2) G.R. Nos. 128833 (1) G.R. Nos. L-21353 and L-21354 (2) G.R. Nos. L-25836-37 (2) G.R.
Nos. L-28324-5 (2) G.R.No. 113899 (1) G.R.No. 115024 (2) G.R.No. 118367 (1) G.R.No. 131166 (1) G.R.No. 137775 (1)
G.R.No. 154514 (1) G.R.No. 159747 (1) G.R.No. L-22375 (1) G.R.No. L-9671 (1) G.R.No.113558 (1) G.R.Nos. 128833 (1)
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