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CE-6403
CE-
Advanced Pavement Engineering

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Module Convenor

Academic Schedule
 Classes (8 Lectures)
◦ 10 February 2017 --------- 31 March 2017
 Mid-Semester Examinations
◦ 03 April 2017 ------- 07 April 2017
 Classes (8 Lectures)
◦ 14 April
p 2017 ---------- 02 JJune 2017
 Final Examinations
◦ 19 June 2017 --------------- 30 June 2017

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Marks Distribution
 Final Examinations 40%
 Mid-Semester
Mid Semester Examinations 20%
 Presentation/Viva 20%
 Sessionals 20%

 Sessionals Breakup
◦ Assignments (minimum 2) 10%
◦ Quizes (minimum 2) 10%

References
 Main References
◦ Principles of Pavement Engineering by ‘Nick Nick
Thom’
◦ The Shell Bitumen Handbook
◦ ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers) Manual of
Construction Materials 2009
◦ ‘Moisture
‘M i t Sensitivity’,
S iti it ’ A Asphalt
h lt IInstitute
tit t MManuall
Series No. 24 (MS-24)
◦ Foundations of Engineering Geology by ‘Tony
Waltham’

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References
 Important Readings
◦ Asphalts in Road Construction by ‘Dr
Dr. Robert
N Hunter’
◦ Modeling of Asphalt Concrete by ‘Y. Richard
Kim’
◦ Pavement Design and Materials by ‘Eyad
Masad
Masad’
◦ Pavement Engineering by ‘Mallick El-Korchi’
◦ Construction Materials by ‘Peter Domone and
john Illston’

References
 Pavementinteractive.org
 Roadex.org
Roadex org
 NCHRP USA
 Highways Agency UK
 Dictionary of Civil Engineering

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Course Contents
 Literature
◦ Theory and relevant information
 Research
◦ Why?
◦ Understanding the material properties
 Construction Practice
◦ How?
◦ Equipment Involved

Course Contents
 Introduction
 Important engineering concepts and
terminologies
 Pavement Applications
 Pavement materials and their properties
 Introduction to unbound materials
 Asphalt mixture and its properties
 Pavement design, construction and
maintenance
 Experimental labs

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Pavement
 A pavement is a structure which
separates the wheels of vehicles from the
underlying foundation material
 Pavements over soil are normally of multi-
layer construction with relatively weak
materials below and progressively
stronger ones above
 Similarly, pavement layers thickness varies
from top to bottom

A Typical Pavement
Asphalt Aggregate Base Course

Natural Soil (Subgrade)

Aggregate Subbase Course

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Pavement
 Pavements can be considered to consist
of three main layers,
layers the surfacing,
surfacing the
base, and the foundation.

Pavement
 In the case of asphalt pavements, the surfacing is
generally divided into the surface course and the
binder course which are laid separately.
separately The base
is the main structural element in the pavement.
 The foundation of a pavement essentially
comprises of two layers. The upper layer is
termed the subbase and is usually formed of good
quality granular material. The subbase provides a
structural layer which distributes loads to the
subgrade
b d and d provides
id a working
ki platform
l f for
f
construction traffic and a compaction platform
onto which bituminous materials can be laid and
compacted.

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Pavement
 The lower section, the subgrade, is the
natural soil or fill material which provides
p
the surface upon which the pavement is
constructed.
 The interface between these two layers is
called the formation.
 Where the soil is considered to be very
weak, a capping layer may also be
introduced additionally between the
subbase and the soil foundation

History
 The modern concept of pavement
construction was pioneered by the
Romans
 The concept used by the Romans is not
very different to the typical multi-layer
flexible pavement layout

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The Good Old Days!

Keep the water out!

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Modern Highways

Pavement Serviceability
Critical condition
Serviceability

Cost of
rehabilitation

Time and Traffic

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General Design Requirements

◦ Maintenance-friendly construction

◦ High-skid-resistance surface

◦ High rut resistance

◦ Longer Pavement Lives

Material Design Requirements

 Stiffness
◦ Load
L d spreading
di
 Permanent deformation characteristics
◦ Rutting
 Fatigue characteristics
◦ Cracking
 Durability
◦ Resistance to the environment

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COMPONENTS OF TOTAL ROAD

TRANSPORT COSTS IN THE ECONOMY

15 0%
15.0% 25 0%
25.0%
Construction
Maintenance

Operation
10.0%

50 0%
50.0% Fuel Consumption
Oil Consumption
Tyres Wear & Tear
Parts Replacement
Vehicle Depreciation
Travel Time
Accidents

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Asphalt
 Bitumen
Viscoelastic organic
g liquid
q comprised
p
predominantly of hydrocarbon molecules

 Asphalt
Combination of bitumen, aggregate
((stone)) and air with visco-elasto-plastic
p
properties

Rock

Crushed Rock

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Glue it together
again!

What is Pavement Engineering?

 A pavement is the footpath at the side of a road,
but in engineering language Pavement Engineering is
concerned with pprovidingg man-made surfaces to
the ground so that 'objects' can move across the
ground in an efficient and clean way.
 Pavement Engineering is the technological field
responsible for designing, constructing, maintaining
and re-constructing these. Road pavement
construction, maintenance and reconstruction
require enormous resources
 They must not be too expensive or deteriorate too High
g ppressure
under a tyre
quickly. They should be as sustainable as possible
and easily repairable. This requires a detailed Low pressure at
the bottom of
knowledge of how each element of the pavement the pavement
will behave under the repeated loading applied by
the traffic. The principle of load spreading by
an efficient pavement

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Critical Stress/Strain in Pavements

 Maximum Tensile
Stress/Strain at the
bottom of the bound
layer (asphalt
mixture) and
maximum
Compressive
Stress/Strain at the
top of subgrade

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