c



c



cc 




c



c

c
 

c
c

c





c




cc
c




 !"#$%&'
(
%')

English is known as one of International language in the world. English is a tool

or an aid to communicate with other people. As Martin in Syofianti (2005:p1) states that,
in community life, language is very important, because language is means of
communication for mutual making relationship or sharing experience and study from
ability. In Indonesia, it is the most important foreign language. Indonesian government
requires English as one of the optional subject in elementary school. It is included in the
local content curriculum. On the other hand, it is one of the compulsory subjects in Junior
High School. The final objectives in teaching English is that the students have
competence in communicating both oral and written in globalization era.

Nowadays, Indonesian government establishes a new curriculum that is KTSP or

Educational Unit Grade Curriculum (Sisdiknas:2005). KTSP is the operational
curriculum which is arranged and done by each educational unit. The objective of KTSP
in English subject is that the students must have communicative competence in four
skills, the skills are writing, speaking, reading and listening. The application of KTSP
especially in English subject is aimed to the students have to communicative competence
in those skill. In line with that, Tarigan says ³there are four components of
communicative competence should be mastered by students, such as writing, reading,
listening, and speaking´ (Tarigan et al:1981. p1).

The students must have good communication in both oral and written form. Oral
form is that speaking and listening, and written form is that writing and reading. The
students always make error in learning those skills. One of types of errors is writing error.
According to Harmer (2001:p.84) states that:

some pieces of written work are completely full of mistakes, but even in these cases, over-
correction can have a very demotivating effect. One way of avoiding the µover-correction¶
problem is for teachers to tell their students that for a particular piece of work they are only
going to correct mistakes of punctuation, or spelling, or grammar etc.

Based on Tarigan (1988: p.85), ³Writing errors is the error which is inappropriate
with certain grammar. It is related to writing skill.´ Based on both definition is that
writing error is a mistake to write appropriate with punctuation, or spelling, or grammar
etc.

There are common errors of students of Junior High School in writing. The
common errors of writing are in sentence pattern in subject, to be, noun, adverb, adjective
or preposition. Harmer (2001:p.84) defined that:

Common sense and talking to students about it are the only solution here. The
other really important point is that correction is worthless if students just put their
corrected writing away and never look it again. Teachers have to ensure that they
understand the problem and then redraft the passage correctly.

Based on the problem above, the writer will analyze error preposition of place. Martin
stated that preposition is a word used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position,
time or method (Syofianti, 2005: p.12). In this case, this paper will discuss about
preposition of place. For example, when the writer gave the pisture to students, it showed
that the ball was on the table yesterday. Based on writer¶s experience when teaching
practicum at the first grade of SMPN 8 Serang, some students wrote, Ê
 




 


 The right preposition in these sentence is Ê
    







 

Many students of Junior High School are confused in putting the right preposition
and this is a job for the teacher to explain hardly about preposition because preposition is
necessary, it is for to know where the things in the certain place. So, to teach them, the
teachers use a text which relates to preposition. There are many kinds of texts are given,
the kinds of texts are descriptive, argumentative, persuasive, and narrative. Keraf (1981:
p.3) defined that there are four kind of texts, the texts are descriptive, argumentative,
persuasive, and narrative Thus, the teachers use one of the texts to teach preposition. In
this case, it is narrative text. Sofyan stated that Narrative is a story which is connected
with events based on the plot (1999: p.86). Then, why the teacher use a narrative text, it
is because of narrative text as a story of human experience, so that the students arrange
easily the composition. Semi (2003: p.29) in Hasani (2005: p.22) stated that narrative is
conversation or writing with the purpose tells about action or human experience based on
the development of time. Therefore, the writer analyzes preposition in narrative, because
in semester two of first grade in Junior High School, many narrative texts are learnt.

From the above explanation, the writer will discuss about preposition, especially
preposition of place. Thus, the writer proposes ³An error analysis of preposition of place
 in composing narrative text´ which is conducted at the first grade of SMPN 3 Banjarsari,
Lebak.



'&( $&
$(
#$*+

According to the background above, the writer can identify some problems, are
following:

1. Can preposition be an obstacle in writing skill?

2. Do some students make error in preposition of place when they arrange the
composition?



+$&
$(
#$*+

Based on the Identification of problem, the writer limits the problem only on preposition
of place in composing narrative text done by students at the first grade of SMP Negeri 3
Banjarsari, Lebak.


$#+%$&
$(
#$*+

Referring to the background of study above, this research is intended to answer the following
questions:

1. How many percentage are any error done by students in using preposition of place in
composing narrative text?

2. What kind of errors done by students in preposition of place in composing narrative

text?



*, -.
$(
%')

Based on the formulation of problem on this research is to know and analyze the errors in
writing, especially pertaining to the use preposition of place in narrative text. So, the writers have
the objectives:

1. To find out whether How many percentage are any error done by students in using
preposition of place in composing narrative text.
 2. To find out the kinds of errors done by students in preposition of place in composing
narrative text.



..

- The teacher can choose the kind of texts which is interesting to teach preposition of
place. ( The suitable text to use in Junior High School at the first grade)

- Students can use the preposition of place in writing.

- To increase students ability in English, especially deals with preposition of place in

composing narrative text



 $/
$(
%')

The writer will conduct the research at the first grade of SMPN 3 Banjarsari, Lebak. The writer
is interested in analyzing the error done by students in preposition of place in composing
narrative text which consist of fifth students as research subject.



/#$&
(&$&

V




According to Brown in rositoh (2004;p.200), errors as ³ noticeable deviation from the

adult grammar of native speaker, reflecting the inter language competence of the
learner´.

Thus, in this research, Errors Analysis means the study of errors or mistakes done by
students in preposition of place in composing narrative text.





French (1950: p.144).defines, composition is a task in which the pupil has to think of
his own ideas and then express them in his own English

Martama in Muslihah (2004:p.15) stated that composition is combination activity

someone for giving expression suggest and telling by written language in order that
the reader can understood what author¶s means.





Martin and Wren (2005; p. 110) proves that preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show in what relation the person or

thing denoted by it stands in regard to something else

As Strumpf (2004: p. 22) stated that prepositions are words that show the relationship between two words or phrases in a sentence.

Preposition is relate to writing and speaking skill in English. In this research, the writer will focus on preposition of place in composing

narrative text, means deals to writing of narrative text.

ÒV


³Narrative is a story based on the plot, and plot consist of event, person, and conflict. Narrative consists of fact and fiction´. ( Marahimin,

1999: p. 96)




.# 
."&
&'
$'

In this research, the researcher used Descriptive Qualitative. Qualitative research is descriptive research. Borgan and Taylor in Margono (2005: p.36)
defined that Qualitative research is, ³the research procedure which produces descriptive data such as word written or speed from the population people and
attitude which can analyze´

The writer will use this method to examine of the events or phenomena of student, especially in preposition of place in composing narrative text. As
Whitney in Nazir (1988:p.26) describe that Descriptive method is an investigation aimed at looking for facts using an appropriate interpretation (cited from
Sofiyah,2004: p.4).

0


.# 
&.#%+&

Arikunto (1997:p.136). stated that ³Research instrument is the tools or facilities used by researcher in collecting the data, hope the result of research is

more accurate, complete, and systematic, so the process is easier´. Based on that explanation, the writer will use research instrument in

collecting data to support the research. A kind of instrument in collecting the data is a test.




.# 
%*, 

In this research, the writer will conduct her research in SMPN 3 Banjarsari at the first grade which consist of three classes and 105 students. To

decide the research subject, the writer will use Random sampling. So, the writer will take the students as research subject randomly. They are

40 students.




$ &"
 &1%

In collecting the data of qualitative research, As Arikunto (1997: p.136) stated, that there are various of data collecting technique, they are
Questionnaires, Observation,Interview, Test and Documentation. In this research, the writer will use test as her data collecting technique. As
Arikunto (2002:p.127).) stated that test is a tool, questions or exercises which use to measure the skills, knowledge of intelligence, talent or
ability in individual or group.
 Then, the writer will apply the tests to get data about errors done by students in using preposition of place in composing narrative text. The kind

of test is students make composition by using preposition of place in narrative text. The test covers 10 prepositions and it will be given to 50

students that already settled as respondents of research.




c&)..

According to Muhajir (1996: p.104), Data analysis is a process to find out and set result data from observes, interview, and others to increase

the researcher about the study and make easy to understand by our self and other.

Then, there are three activities in data analysis. There are Data Reduction, Data Display and Data Conclusion / verification. At the first step, the

writer will more focus on the point of research, this process known as data reduction. After that, the writer enroll the next step, it is data

display. In qualitative research, data display can be do in narrative form, chart, flowchart, etc. Finally, the writer give the description an object

which unclear before analyze, but it become clear after analyze or research as conclusion / verification.

As the limitation of problem, the writer interest to analyze students error which focused on the preposition of place in composing narrative text

made by the first grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Banjarsari. Based on the subject of research, the writer has decided the technique for

frequency of error.



#"&2$&
$(
3#&"

The writing of the research paper will be systematically divide into five chapters. The first chapter will discuss about Introduction that conclude the

background of problem, formulation of problem, objectives, scope of study, uses, operational definition, and organization of writing.

The second chapter will explain about the theoretical framework. This chapter describes about definition of composition, preposition and narrative text,

kinds of prepositions, definition of error analysis, the goal of error analysis, the procedures of error analysis, process of preposition produce,

and the problem of preposition.

The third chapter will discuss about methodology of research. It includes research design and method, data source and data collecting technique, research

instrument, data analysis technique, data validity test.

The fourth chapter discuss about the result of research. It consist of data description and discussion.

The fifth chapter consists of conclusion and suggestion. It contains of the conclusion and suggestion.