Generation of Basic Signals: AIM: To Write A MATLAB Program To Generate Various Type of Signals. Algorithm

Digital Signal Processing Lab Manual Prof. SHIVASHANKAR and JAYANTHI.
Progm 1
GENERATION OF BASIC SIGNALS
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to generate various type of signals.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.

2. Clear the command window using ‘clc’ function.
3. Create the array of time sequence by assigning values of ‘t’.
4. Get the input value using the ‘input’ function for generating
various sequences.
5. Provide matrix values by giving zero and ones values in
‘y’.
6. Using ‘subplot’ function plot the graph and use ‘stem’ to
obtain discrete sequence.
7. Label in the X and Y axis using ‘label’ function.
8. End the program.
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%Generation of cosine sequence

t1=0:.01:pi;
y1=cos(2*pi*t1);
figure(1);
subplot(3,2,1);
plot(t1,y1);
ylabel('Amplitude---->');
xlabel('(a)n---->');
%Generation of sine sequence

y2=sin(2*pi*t1);
subplot(3,2,2);
plot(t1,y2);
xlabel('(b)n---->');
%Generation of exponential sequence

n2=input('Enter the length of exponential sequence: ');
t3=0:n2;
a=input('Enter the value: ');
y3=exp(a*t3);
subplot(3,2,3);
Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 1

Digital Signal Processing Lab Manual Prof. SHIVASHANKAR and JAYANTHI. G
stem(t3,y3);
xlabel('(c)n---->');
%Generation of unit impulse signal

t4=-2:1:2;
y4=[zeros(1,2),ones(1,1),zeros(1,2)];
subplot(3,2,4);
stem(t4,y4);
xlabel('(d)n---->');
%Generation of unit step sequence

n5=input('Enter the N value for unit step sequence: ');
t5=0:1:n5-1;
y5=ones(1,n5);
subplot(3,2,5);
stem(t5,y5);
xlabel('(e)n---->');
%Generation of unit ramp sequence

n6=input('Enter the length of ramp sequence: ');
t6=0:n6;
subplot(3,2,6);
stem(t6,t6);
xlabel('(f)n---->');
OUTPUT:
Enter the length of exponential sequence: 4

Enter the value: 4
Enter the N value for unit step sequence: 6
Enter the length of ramp sequence: 5

Progm 2
VERIFICATION OF SAMPLING THEOREM
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to verify sampling theorem.
ALGORITHM:

3. Create the array of time sequence by assigning values of ‘t’ using frequency.
4. Using different values of frequency the signals are generated.
5. Using ‘stem’ stem discrete sequence is obtained.
6. Label in the X and Y axis using ‘label’ function.
7. End the program.
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%critical sampling
f=1400;
t=0:1/f:13/f;
x=cos(2*pi*400*t)+cos(2*pi*700*t);
Xm=abs(fft(x));
n=0:length(x)-1;
figure(1)
stem(100*n,Xm),grid,zoom;
xlabel('frequency'); ylabel('magnitude');
title('criticle sampling');
%under sampling
f=700;
t=0:1/f:6/f;
x=cos(2*pi*400*t)+cos(2*pi*700*t);
Xm=abs(fft(x));
k=0:length(x)-1;
figure(2)
stem(100*k,Xm),grid,zoom;
title('under sampling');
%over sampling
f=2000;
t=0:1/f:27/f;
x=cos(2*pi*400*t)+cos(2*pi*700*t);
Xm=abs(fft(x));
k=0:length(x)-1;
figure(3)
stem(100*k,Xm),grid,zoom;
title('over sampling');
OUTPUT:


Progm 3
LINEAR CONVOLUTION OF TWO GIVEN
SEQUENCES
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform linear convolution.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x(n) and h(n) using ‘input’ function.
4. The signal is convolved using ‘conv’ function and is denoted as y(n), given by
the formula
y(n) = x(n) * h(n).
5. Plot them using ‘stem’ function.
6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%linear convolution of two sequences

clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('Enter the first sequence : ');

h=input('Enter the second sequence : ');
y=conv(x,h);
figure;
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('time---->');
title('x(n)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
title('h(n)');
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(y);
title('y(n)');
disp('The resultant signal is:');y
z=deconv(y,h);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(z);
title('z(n)');
disp('The deconvoluted signal is:');z
OUTPUT:
Enter the first sequence: [1 2 3 4 5]

Enter the second sequence: [1 1 -2]
The resultant signal is:
y=
1 3 3 3 3 -3 -10
The deconvoluted signal is:
z=
1 2 3 4 5

Progm 4
CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION OF TWO GIVEN

SEQUENCES
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform circular convolution.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x(n) and h(n) using ‘input’ function.
4. The convoluted signal is denoted as y(n) and given by the
formula:
y(n) = x(n) N h(n)

6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%circular convolution of two sequences

clc;
clear all;
close all;
g=input('Enter the first sequence: ');

h=input('Enter the second sequence: ');
N1=length(g);
N2=length(h);
N=max(N1,N2);
N3=N1-N2;
%loop for generating equal length
if(N3>=0)
h=[h,zeros(1,N3)];
else
g=[g,zeros(1,-N3)];
end
%computation of circular convolution
for n=1:N
y(n)=0;
for i=1:N
j=n-i+1;
if(j<=0)
j=N+j;
end
y(n)=y(n)+g(i)*h(j);
end
end
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(g);
title(‘I signal’);
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(h);
title(`II signal’);
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('timen---->');
title('circular conv signal');
disp('The resultant signal is; ');y
OUTPUT:
Enter the first sequence: [1 2 3 4 5]

Enter the second sequence: [5 4 3 2 1]
The resultant signal is;
y=
45 40 40 45 55

Enter the first sequence: [1 2]

Enter the second sequence: [2 3 4]
y=
10 7 10
PROGRAM:
x1=input('Enter the first seq');
x2=input('Enter the sec seq');
l1=length(x1);
l2=length(x2);
N=max(l1,l2);
a=fft(x1,N)
b=fft(x2,N)
c=a.*b
y=ifft(c,N);
disp('CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION');
y
disp([]);
pause
n=0:1:N-1;
stem(n,y);
xlabel('Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION');
Progm 5
CROSS & AUTO CORRELATION

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform circular convolution.
ALGORITHM:

3. Define the two signals x(n) and h(n).
4. The convoluted signal is denoted as y(n) and given by the
formula:
y(n) = x(n) N
h(n)

6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%cross correlation
x=[5,1,3];
h=[1,2,3];
b1=xcorr(x,h);
y1=abs(b1);
disp(y1)
subplot(1,2,1);
stem(y1,'r');
xlabel('Time');
title('Cross Correlation');
% auto correlation
b2=xcorr(x,x);
y2=abs(b2);
disp(y2)
subplot(1,2,2);
stem(y2);
xlabel('Time');
title('Auto Correlation');

OUTPUT:

Progm 6
LINEAR AND CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION USING

FFT ALGORITHM
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform linear and circular convolution using fft
algorithm.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x1(n) and x2(n) using ‘input’ function.
4. The linear and circular convoluted signal is denoted as ylin(n) and ycir(n)
respectively.
ylin(n) = x(n) * h(n).
ycir(n) = x(n) N h(n).
5. The linear and circular convoluted signal using fft algorithm is calculated
7. End the program.
PROGRAM:
% convolution of two given sequences (linear, circular)

clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp(' convolution of sequences x1(n) and x2(n)');
x1=input ('enter the first sequences x1(n):');

x2=input ('enter the second sequences x2(n):');
%linear convolution using fft() and ifft()

N=length(x1)+ length(x2)-1;
X1=fft(x1,N);
X2=fft(x2,N);
Y1=X1.*X2;
ylin=ifft(Y1);
disp('the linear - convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()')

disp('and ifft() yeilds the result:');

disp(ylin);
%circular convolution
P=max(length(x1),length(x2));
X1=fft(x1,P);
X2=fft(x2,P);
Yc=X1.*X2;
Ycir=ifft(Yc);
disp('the circular convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()')
disp('and ifft() yeilds the result:');
disp(Ycir);
OUTPUT:
convolution of sequences x1(n) and x2(n)
enter the first sequences x1(n):[1 2 3 4]

enter the second sequences x2(n):[ 5 6 8 3]
the linear convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()
and ifft() yeilds the result:
5.0000 16.0000 35.0000 57.0000 54.0000 41.0000 12.0000
the circular convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()

and ifft() yeilds the result:
59 57 47 57

Progm 7
SHIFTING, FLODING, TIME SCALING AND

MULTIPLICATION ON SIGNALS
AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform various operation on the signals
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x1(n) and x2(n) using ‘input’ function.
4. The linear convoluted signal is denoted as ylin1(n) and given by the
formula:
y(n) = x(n) * h(n).
5. The linear and circular convoluted signal using fft algorithm is calculated and is
denoted as ylin2 and yc respectively.
7. End the program.
PROGRAM: OUTPUT:
(a) Folding of a sequence
clc; ORIGINAL SIGNAL FOLDED SIGNAL
clear all; 8 8
close all; 7 7
6 6
%folded signal
x=[2,5,6,7,8,3]; 5 5
n=0:5; 4 4
subplot(1,2,1); 3 3
stem(n,x);
title('ORIGINAL SIGNAL'); 2 2
subplot(1,2,2); 1 1
stem(-n,x);
0 0
title('FOLDED SIGNAL'); 0 2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0

(b) Shifting of a sequence: X[n+k],X[n-k],X[-n+k], X[-n-k]
x=input('Enter the sequence');

k=input('Enter the shifting value');
n=length(x);
i=[-k:n-k-1];
subplot(2, 2,1);
stem(i,x);
title('X[n+k]');
i=[k:n+k-1];
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(i,x);
title('X[n-k]');
i=[-n-k+1:-k];
y=fliplr(x)
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(i,y);
title('X[-n+k]');
i=[-n+k+1:k];
y=fliplr(x)
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(i,y);
title('X[-n-k]');
OUTPUT:
Enter the sequence: [1,2,3,4]
Enter the shifting value: 2
X[n+k] X[n-k]
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X[-n+k] X[-n-k]
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
Dr.A.I.T. -5 -4 -3 Medical
-2 Electronics-
-1 -2010
0 1 2 17
Progm 7
COMPUTATION AND VERIFICATION OF FFT
AIM: To write a matlab program to perform DFT of a given

sequence using FFT.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x(n) and length of DFT to be performed
using ‘input’ function.
4. Calculate the DFT using given formula
y=fft(x,n).
6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%fft of two sequences

clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('Enter the sequence : ');

n=input('Enter the n value : ');
y=fft(x,n);
figure;
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(x);
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(real(y));
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(imag(y));
OUTPUT:
Enter the sequence : [.5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0]

Enter the n value : 8
y=
2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Enter the sequence : [1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1]

y=
Columns 1 through 6
20.0000 -5.8284 - 2.4142i 0 -0.1716 - 0.4142i 0 -0.1716 +
0.4142i
Columns 7 through 8
0 -5.8284 + 2.4142i

ALGORITHM:

3. Get the two signals x(n) and length of IDFT to be performed
using ‘input’ function.
4. Calculate the IDFT using given formula
y=ifft(x,n).
6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%ifft of two sequences

clc; clear all; close all;
x=input('Enter the sequence : ');

n=input('Enter the n value : ');
y=ifft(x,n);
figure;
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(real(x));
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(imag(x));
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(y);
OUTPUT:
Enter the sequence: [20 -5.8284-2.4142j 0 -.1716-.4142j 0 -.1716+.4142j 0

-5.8284+2.4142j]
y=
1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 4.0000 3.0000 2.0000 1.0000
Enter the sequence : [2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0]

y=
0.5000 0 0.5000 0 0.5000 0 0.5000 0
Progm 8
IMPULSE & FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A

TRANSFER FUNCTION
AIM: To write a matlab program to obtain impulse and frequency response of a
given transfer function.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the numerator and denominator co-efficient of the given transfer function.
4. Calculate the impulse response using ‘impz’ function.
5. Calculate the frequency response using ‘freqz’ function.
7. End the program.
PROGRAM: (A)
clc; clear all; close all;
num=[2,-3.4,1.5];
den=[1,-1.6,.8];
[h,t]=impz(num,den);
figure(1);
subplot(1,2,1);
stem(t,h);

title('Impulse response');
ns=ones(1,20);
y=filter(num,den,ns);
subplot(1,2,2);
stem(y);
title('Step response');
figure(2);
freqz(num,den);
title('Frequency response');
OUTPUT:
Impulse response Step response
2 2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0
Frequency response
20
0
-0.5
Magnitude (dB)
10
-1 -0.5
0 50 100 0 5 10 15 20
0
-10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
100
Phase (degrees)
50

-50
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
(B) y(n)-ay(n-1)=bx(n) where a=0.9 b=0.1
a = [1 -0.9];
b = 0.1;
n = input('Enter number of points for impulse response');
w = input('Enter number of points for frequency response:');
figure(1);
[h,t] = impz(b,a,n);
stem(t,h);
title('Impulse response of given system');
figure(2);
freqz(b,a,w);
title('Frequency response of givenImpulse
system');
response of given system
0.1
0.09
OUTPUT:
0.08
Enter number of points for impulse response10
Enter
0.07 number of points for frequency response:10
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency response of given system

0
Magnitude (dB)
-10
-20
-30
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
Phase (degrees)
-20
-40
-60
-80
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

(C) y(n)+0.6y(n-1)=3x(n)+x(n-1);
a = [1 0.6];
b = [3 1];
n = input('Enter number of points for impulse response:');
w = input('Enter number of points for frequency response:');
figure(1);
[h,t] = impz(b,a,n,5);
stem(t,h);
title('Impulse response of given system');
figure(2);
freqz(b,a,w);
title('Frequency response of given system');
OUTPUT:
Enter number of points for impulse response:10

Enter number of points for frequency response:10
Impulse response of given system

3
2.5
Frequency response of given system
14
2
Magnitude (dB)
12
1.5
10
1
8
0.5
6
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-0.5
20
-1
Phase (degrees)
15 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
10
Dr.A.I.T.0 Medical Electronics--2010 26

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Progm 7
DESIGN OF FIR FILTER USING HAMMING

WINDOW
AIM: To write a matlab program to design a FIR filter using hamming window and to
verify the output.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the pass band and stop band ripples.
4. Get the pass band and stop band frequencies.
5. Get the sampling frequency.
6. Calculate the order of filter.
7. Calculate the transfer function of the filter using the co-
efficients.
8. Plot magnitude and phase responses.
9. End the program.
PROGRAM:

%hamming window computation

clc;
close all;
clear all;
rp=input('Enter the passband ripple: ');
rs=input('Enter the stopband ripple: ');
fp=input('Enter the passband frequency: ');
fs=input('Enter the stopband frequency: ');
f=input('Enter the sampling frequency: ');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
disp('The order is:');n
y=hamming(n1);
%lowpass filter
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,om]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
ylabel('Gain in dB---->');
xlabel('Frequency in rad/sec---->');
%highpass filter
b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(om/pi,m);
%bandpass filter
wn=[wp ws];
b=fir1(n,wn,y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(om/pi,m);
%bandstop filter
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(om/pi,m);
OUTPUT:
Enter the passband ripple: .05

Enter the stopband ripple: .03
Enter the passband frequency: 1300
Enter the stopband frequency: 1600
Enter the sampling frequency: 7400
The order is:
n=
26

DESIGN OF FIR FILTER USING KAISER WINDOW

AIM: To write a matlab program to design a FIR filter using Kaiser window and to
verify the output.
ALGORITHM:

3. Get the pass band and stop band ripples.
4. Get the pass band and stop band frequencies.
5. Get the sampling frequency.
6. Calculate the order of filter.

7. Calculate the transfer function of the filter using the co-
efficients.
9. End the program.
PROGRAM:
%kaiser window computation
clc;
close all;
clear all;
rp=input('Enter the passband ripple: ');
rs=input('Enter the stopband ripple: ');
fp=input('Enter the passband frequency: ');
fs=input('Enter the stopband frequency: ');
f=input('Enter the sampling frequency: ');
beta=input('Enter the beta value: ');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
disp('The order is:');n
y=kaiser(n1,beta);
%lowpass filter
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
%highpass filter
b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(om/pi,m);
%bandpass filter
wn=[wp ws];
b=fir1(n,wn,y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(om/pi,m);
%bandstop filter
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(om/pi,m);
OUTPUT:
Enter the passband ripple: .05

Enter the stopband ripple: .03
Enter the passband frequency: 1300
Enter the stopband frequency: 1600
Enter the sampling frequency: 7400
Enter the beta value: 7
The order is:
n=
26

. REALIZATION OF IIR FILTERS

AIM: To write a matlab program to design a IIR filters.
ALGORITHM:

2. Get the cut off frequency and sampling frequency.
3. Get the order of the filter.
4. Calculate the transfer function of the filter using the co-efficient.
6. End the program.
PROGRAM:
(a) BUTTERWORTH LPF

fc=input('Enter the cut off freq');

fs=input('Enter the sampling freq');
n=input('Enter the order of the filter');
Wn=fc*(2/fs);
[b,a]=butter(n,Wn);
freqz(b,a,128,fs);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
title('Butterworth Low Pass Filter');
OUTPUT:
Enter the cut off freq: 300

Enter the sampling freq: 1000
Enter the order of the filter: 3
Butterworth Low Pass Filter

0
G a in in d B
-50
-100
-150
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency
0
P h a s e (d e g re e s )
-100
-200
-300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency (Hz)

(b) CHEBYSHEV LPF

r=input('Enter the ripple factor');
Wn=fc*(2/fs);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,r,Wn);
freqz(b,a,128,fs);
title('Chebyshev Low Pass Filter');
OUTPUT:

Enter the ripple factor: 17
Chebyshev Low Pass Filter

0
-100
Gain in dB
-200
-300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency
-100
Phase (degrees)
-200
-300
-400
-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency (Hz)
(c) CHEBYSHEV HPF:

Wn=fc*(2/fs);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,r,Wn,'high');
freqz(b,a,128,fs);
title('Chebyshev High Pass Filter');
OUTPUT:

Enter the ripple factor: 17
Chebyshev High Pass Filter

0
-100
Gain in dB
-200
-300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency
100
0
Phase (degrees)
-100
-200
-300
-400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency (Hz)

(d) CHEBYSHEV BPF

fc1=input('Enter the lower cut off freq');
fc2=input('Enter the upper cut off freq');
Wn1=fc1*(2/fs);
Wn2=fc2*(2/fs);
Wn=[Wn1,Wn2];
[b,a]=cheby1(n,r,Wn);
freqz(b,a,128,fs);
title('Chebyshev Band Pass Filter');
OUTPUT:
Enter the sampling freq2000
Enter the lower cut off freq300
Enter the upper cut off freq500
Enter the order of the filter3
Enter the ripple factor17
Chebyshev Band Pass Filter

0
-50
Gain in dB
-100
-150
-200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency
0
Phase (degrees)
-200
-400
-600
-800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)

(e) Butterworth HPF
rp=input('enter the pass band ripple');

rs=input('enter the stop band ripple');
fp=input('enter the pass band frequency');
fs=input('enter the stop band frequency');
f=input('enter the sampling frequency');
wp=(2*fp)/f;
ws=(2*fs)/f;
[n,wn]=BUTTORD(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=BUTTER(n,wn,'high');
w=0:.01:pi;
[h,w]=FREQZ(b,a,w,'whole');
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1),plot(w/pi,m);
grid
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('gain in db');
title('magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2), plot(w/pi,an);
grid;
xlabel('normalised frequency');
ylabel('phase in radian');
title('phase response');
OUTPUT:


Generation of Basic Signals: AIM: To Write A MATLAB Program To Generate Various Type of Signals. Algorithm

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Generation of Basic Signals: AIM: To Write A MATLAB Program To Generate Various Type of Signals. Algorithm

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Digital Signal Processing Lab Manual Prof. SHIVASHANKAR and JAYANTHI.

1. Start the program.

%Generation of cosine sequence

%Generation of sine sequence

%Generation of exponential sequence

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 1

%Generation of unit impulse signal

%Generation of unit step sequence

%Generation of unit ramp sequence

Enter the length of exponential sequence: 4

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 3

1. Start the program.

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 5

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 6

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to perform linear convolution.

1. Start the program.

%linear convolution of two sequences

x=input('Enter the first sequence : ');

disp('The resultant signal is:');y

Enter the first sequence: [1 2 3 4 5]

The deconvoluted signal is:

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 8

CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION OF TWO GIVEN

1. Start the program.

y(n) = x(n) N h(n)

5. Plot them using ‘stem’ function.

%circular convolution of two sequences

g=input('Enter the first sequence: ');

Enter the first sequence: [1 2 3 4 5]

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 10

Enter the first sequence: [1 2]

CROSS & AUTO CORRELATION

1. Start the program.

5. Plot them using ‘stem’ function.

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 12

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 13

LINEAR AND CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION USING

1. Start the program.

ycir(n) = x(n) N h(n).

% convolution of two given sequences (linear, circular)

disp(' convolution of sequences x1(n) and x2(n)');

x1=input ('enter the first sequences x1(n):');

%linear convolution using fft() and ifft()

disp('the linear - convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()')

disp('and ifft() yeilds the result:');

convolution of sequences x1(n) and x2(n)

enter the first sequences x1(n):[1 2 3 4]

the circular convolution of x1(n) and x2(n) using fft()

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 15

SHIFTING, FLODING, TIME SCALING AND

1. Start the program.

(a) Folding of a sequence

clc; ORIGINAL SIGNAL FOLDED SIGNAL

Dr.A.I.T. Medical Electronics--2010 16

(b) Shifting of a sequence: X[n+k],X[n-k],X[-n+k], X[-n-k]

x=input('Enter the sequence');

COMPUTATION AND VERIFICATION OF FFT

AIM: To write a matlab program to perform DFT of a given

1. Start the program.

%fft of two sequences

x=input('Enter the sequence : ');

Enter the sequence : [.5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0]