Physical changes in size,

such as
gains in height and weight.
The gradual increase in skills
and abilities that occurs over a
lifetime.
Advances in
physical
abilities.
Physical skills involving larger muscles of the body, such
as the
legs, hips, back, and arms.
Physical skills involving
smaller muscles in the body,
such
as the
All of the hands
actions or and wrists.
processes
involving thought and
knowledge.
The way people change and improve in their
ability to
think and learn throughout life.
Development that includes the
areas of
relationships and feelings.
 A consistent step-by-step paYern that consistently follows
one after
another, as in development.
Comprehensive explanations, based on
research,
about why people act and behave the way
they
A theory based
do andonhow
the they
beliefchange
that individuals’
over time.behavior is
determined by forces in the environment that are beyond their
control.
The theory that
behaviors can be associated with
responses.
The theory that states
that people tend to repeat
behaviors that
have a positive result or are
reinforced.

physical development
cognitive
social-emotional
development

gross motor skills like waking nd throwing

fine motor skills such as picking up objects and eating
with a
spoon

Cognition
involves
– knowing
–
memorizing
– sensing
–
relationships
organizing
– feelings
– social skills
– self-confidence and
self-esteem
– self-control
 development is relatively orderly
developing is a gradual continual
process
development is interrelated
development varies among
indivuduals

development occurs in a
sequence of
steps

developmental changes happen gradually and become apparent

over time

acuiring skills requires gain in

several
areas

every persons progress is

unique

they help teachers understand what students are capeable of

and why

Genes affect
– biological factors
– intellectual potential
– environment a person
seeks
out
family, ppers, community, media, health, nutrition and physical
activity

People’s thoughts, feeling,

and
actions
depend on experience rather
than
genetics
or free will
behaviors are associated
with
responses

people repeat behaviors that have

positive
results

Reactions to rewards and punishments

are
filtered by perceptions, thoughts, and
motivation
• Each person’s response is based on
personal
reactions and the way the individual
processes information
Four stages of cognitive
development
• At each stage, individuals
incorporate what they learn into skills
developed
in previous stages
• Children base their thinking on
what they learn through their senses
Social interaction is critical
to
cognitive
development
Eight stages
• At each stage, people face and
must
successfully resolve a
psychological or
social conflict
• Unsuccessful resolution affects
future
stages
of development

Everyone
follows
the
same
progression
• Not everyone
aYains
the highest
level

understand several approaches to

other
people