Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MATTHEW27
ESTABLISHING THE 3RD DAY
MOTIF
A DEATH TO LIFE REVERSAL
1BUT BROTHERS, I MAKE KNOWN TO YOU THE GOOD NEWS, WHICH I BROUGHT AS
GOOD NEWS TO YOU, WHICH YOU ALSO DID RECEIVE, AND IN WHICH YOU STAND,
2THROUGH WHICH ALSO YOU ARE BEING SAVED, IF YOU HOLD FAST THAT WORD I
BROUGHT AS GOOD NEWS TO YOU. OTHERWISE, YOU HAVE BELIEVED IN VAIN.
3FOR I DELIVERED TO YOU AT THE FIRST THAT WHICH I ALSO RECEIVED: THAT MESSIAH
DIED FOR OUR SINS ACCORDING TO THE SCRIPTURES,
4AND THAT HE WAS BURIED, AND THAT HE WAS RAISED THE THIRD DAY, ACCORDING TO
THE SCRIPTURES,
5AND THAT HE WAS SEEN BY KĔPHA, THEN BY THE TWELVE.
6AFTER THAT HE WAS SEEN BY OVER FIVE HUNDRED BROTHERS AT ONE TIME, OF WHOM
WHOM THE GREATER PART REMAIN TILL NOW, BUT SOME HAVE FALLEN ASLEEP.
7AFTER THAT HE WAS SEEN BY YA‛AQOḆ, THEN BY ALL THE EMISSARIES.
8AND LAST OF ALL HE WAS SEEN BY ME ALSO, AS IF TO ONE BORN PREMATURELY.
1CORINTHIANS15
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’
DEATH AND RESURRECTION
MARTIN PICKUP
“The three-day time frame of Jesus’ death and resurrection was a part of the earliest
Christian preaching. It had a place in the kerygmatic formula that Paul quotes in 1 Cor
15:3–5, a four-line formula that is generally acknowledged to have originated in the
very earliest years of the Church..
The importance of the phrase “on the third day” is sug-gested by the fact that it is
the only explicit time designation of the entire formula, and the four affirmations of
the formula appear to be structured around this tem-poral framework. The NT
Gospels give similar prominence to the third-day aspect of Jesus’ resurrection, with
all four Gospels claiming that, on several occasions, Jesus predicted he would be slain
and rise again in connection with the third day.”
ACCORDING TO THE SCRIPTURES: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PAUL’S STATEMENT IN 1
CORINTHIANS 15:4 A SYNTHESIS OF APPROACHES BY JACOB SHERRILL
"In Scripture, the number three occurs hundreds of times to denote the quantity of
things, people, places, and even time.
This is not significant in and of itself, but Patterson notes that its frequent occurrence
on a structural level and in significant events is probably no coincidence. According
to Patterson, much of the Bible is written with a three-fold division.
Additionally, time markers such as three days, three months, and even three years,
Patterson argues, are often used to describe significant events. With regard to the
third day/three days motif….
ACCORDING TO THE SCRIPTURES: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PAUL’S STATEMENT IN
1 CORINTHIANS 15:4 A SYNTHESIS OF APPROACHES BY JACOB SHERRILL
Patterson argues that since God is sovereign over historical events and the writing of His
word, the third day pattern is God’s motif meant to lead readers to its culmination in Christ."
ACCORDING TO THE SCRIPTURES: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PAUL’S STATEMENT IN
1 CORINTHIANS 15:4 A SYNTHESIS OF APPROACHES BY JACOB SHERRILL
There is a recurrence in Ancient Near Eastern thought and throughout the Old
Testament regarding the concept of “three days” or “after three days.” The phrases
evidently appear, at least, in extra-biblical medical omens and the myth, “Descent of
Inanna into the Netherworld.11 Furthermore, the phrases combined appear at least
69 times in Old Testament, and there is a general emphasis on the number three in
the Old Testament.12 It seems unlikely, then, that the motif is merely a coincidence.
These observations raise several questions. Did God emphasize the three days motif
to communicate truth about Himself, because ancient Near Eastern cultures viewed
it with significance, or did they view it with significance, because, sometime early on,
God acted in ways which indicated its importance (ex. Gen 22:4)?
Why did Yeshua
emphasize so many
times that he would die
and resurrect on the 3rd
day?
INVESTIGATING THE
3DAYS IN CONTEXT
OF A DEAD CORPSE
“ONE CANNOT DENY THAT THERE ARE SUFFICIENT EXAMPLES IN
IN ANCIENT LITERATURE TO SHOW THAT A SPEAKER’S
REFERENCE TO THREE DAYS COULD MEAN, IN SOME CONTEXTS,
CONTEXTS, A BRIEF, INDEFINITE TIME—BUT WHETHER IT WAS IN
IN THIS SENSE THAT THE FORMULA SPOKE OF RESURRECTION
ON THE THIRD DAY IS ANOTHER MATTER. THE REAL ISSUE IS
THIS: IN A CONTEXT DISCUSSING A PERSON’S DEATH AND
BURIAL, SUCH AS WHAT WE HAVE IN THE FORMULA, IS A
NONLITERAL SENSE THE MOST REASONABLE WAY TO
UNDERSTAND A REFERENCE TO THREE DAYS? MOST SCHOLARS
FAIL TO ASK THIS QUESTION. “
“I believe that the three-day time frame of Jesus’ death and resurrection is more
directly related to another Jewish concept—viz. the Jewish understanding that the
decomposition of a corpse begins after the third day of death.42 I suggest that the
kerygma’s third-day motif focused attention on the fact that the risen Christ did not
undergo the decay that besets the bodies of deceased human beings and symbolizes
their sinfulness. By raising him from the dead before his body could begin to
decompose, God demonstrated the personal righteousness of Christ and the fact
that he died not for his own sins, but for the sins of others. I believe this is the
primary significance that the early church saw in the third-day motif when it
produced the kerygmatic formula. “
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’ DEATH AND
RESURRECTION -MARTIN PICKUP
“I will examine data indicating that the
early kerygmatic formula of 1 Cor 15:3–5
implied that Christ experienced no bodily
decay when it said that he rose “on the
third day.” The creators of the formula,
therefore, intend-ed this language
literally. As I will show, this interpretation
best explains the significance of the
third-day motif in the church’s kerygma.
It also has profound implications for the
previously mentioned issues that
entangle the debate over the historicity
of Jesus’ resurrection.”
RABBINIC STATEMENTS ABOUT
CORPSE DECAY
1. Traditions in fifth-century documents. A common
collection of traditions pertaining to the decomposition
of a corpse find inclusion in rabbinic documents of the
fifth century—viz. the Jerusalem Talmud, Genesis
Rabbah and Leviticus Rabbah. The following excerpt is
exemplary.
“This text is describing the outward, visible effects of the early processes of corpse
decomposition during what modern forensic biologists call the bloat stage. At death,
enzymes within the body are released, causing cells to digest themselves and
chemicals from stomach acids and tissues (autolysis). Initially, no outward sign of
decomposition is readily observable. But the decaying tissues release green sub-
stances and gases, eventually discoloring the body and causing it to bloat after a few
days. Fluid oozes from the mouth and nostrils, and there is a terrible odor caused by
gases produced from bacterial metabolism (putrefaction). All of these factors
drastically alter the appearance of the deceased’s face and body. Depending upon cli-
cli-mate and other conditions, these visible signs of decomposition are clearly
manifest four to six days after death.”
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’ DEATH AND
RESURRECTION -MARTIN PICKUP
“What is particularly noteworthy for our purpose is the fact that the text says this
visible process of decay begins after three days have passed.48 At that point, the
visage of the de-ceased becomes so altered as to be unrecognizable and, for this
reason, it is said that a mourner’s most intense grief can begin to subside after the
third day. It is curious that these rabbinic traditions repeatedly speak of corpse decay
in relation to the initial three days of death, yet they make it clear that decay does
not begin during those three days, but on the day afterward. “
ISAIAH52
יהוהshall lay bare His set-apart arm in the eyes of all the nations.
And all the ends of the earth shall see the deliverance of our
Elohim.
11Turn aside! Turn aside! Come out from there, touch not the
unclean. Come out of her midst, be clean, you who bear the
vessels of .יהוה
12For you shall not come out in haste, nor go in flight. For יהוהis
going before you, and the Elohim of Yisra’ĕl is your rear guard.
13See, My Servant shall work wisely, He shall be exalted and lifted
up and very high.
14As many were astonished at You – so the disfigurement beyond
any man’s and His form beyond the sons of men –
15He shall likewise startle many nations. Sovereigns shut their
mouths at Him, for what had not been recounted to them they
shall see, and what they had not heard they shall understand.
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’ DEATH AND
RESURRECTION -MARTIN PICKUP
“The most logical explanation is that they are
considering the onset of decay from the perspective
of Jewish mourners who, during the first three days of
a loved one’s death, would enter the tomb to be near
and tend the body. This practice is well-documented;
it paralleled Greek custom and was the special duty of
female mourners. The third day, in particular, was a
standard day for such visits to a tomb.49 This practice
could not continue in the days immediately following
because of the onset of corpse decay with its putrid
stench and grotesque marring of the face and body.
The third day, therefore, was the last day a tomb could
be entered before decomposition of the corpse made it
infeasible to do so. “
The idea that decomposition begins after
the third day of death is a uniform concept
throughout the rabbinic documents. In the
excerpt from the Jerusalem Talmud,Y.
Moed Qatan 3:5 (82b) we observe the same
collection of traditions that we saw above—
as well as an oft-cited additional unit of
material.
1. Traditions in the Mishnah (c. AD 200).
200). The discussions of postmortem
decay in the rabbinic documents of the
fifth century build upon the halakhic
treatment of this subject in the
Mishnah, the earliest rabbinic
document. The relevant material is in
Yebamot, a tractate devoted to the
issue of levirate marriage and a wife’s
ability to remarry after her husband
dies. Chapters 10–16 discuss halakhic
issues surrounding the dissolution of
the marital bond, with chapters 15–16
specifically addressing the severing of
the marital bond by the death of the
husband.
“This required that death be substantiated rather than merely presumed to
have occurred, and it required the identity of the deceased to be verified so
that the man’s wife could be legally classified as a widow with the right to
remarry. (Otherwise, the man is regarded as legally alive and the marriage as
still in effect. The wife is an agunah, still “bound” to him. If she remarries, she
is considered adulterous, and any children she bears are illegitimate.)The
means of verification is the testimony of witnesses who have known the
deceased and can reliably identify his corpse. This identification, it is said,
must take place within three days of death so that decomposition of the facial
features will not already have begun. “
“M. Yebamot 16:3
A. They derive testimony [concerning the identity of a corpse] only from the appearance of the
whole face with the nose,
B. even though there are signs of the corpse’s identity on his body or garments.
C. They derive testimony [that a man has died] only after he has actually died [and has been
seen dead],
D. and even if they [the witnesses] saw him mortally wounded, crucified, or being eaten by a
wild beast.
E. They give testimony [about the identity of a corpse] only during a period
of three days [after death].
F. R. Judah b. Baba says, “[Decay in corpses] is not alike for all men, all places, and all times.”
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’ DEATH AND
RESURRECTION -MARTIN PICKUP
“Underlying all of the above is an understanding of the approximate length of
time it takes for visible decomposition of a corpse to begin, as well as the fact
that, once it begins, the appearance of the corpse’s face alters, preventing
reliable identification rabbis know that different circumstances affect the
timing of the on-set of decay, but the premise of the halakhah is that decay
begins only after the third day of death. Therefore, to preclude any possibility
of mistaken identification, witnesses testifying to the identity of the deceased
had to have viewed the body within three days of the time of death for their
testimony to be considered legally valid.”
AS MENTIONED, THE 3RD DAY WAS THE LAST DAY A BODY COULD BE LEGALLY
IDENTIFIED BY WITNESSES. WHAT DOES YESHUA DO? HE KEEPS HALACHIC
REQUIREMENTS BY APPEARING TO MULTIPLE WITNESSES AS A RESURRECTED
CORPSE!
ACTS10
39“And we are witnesses of all He did, both in the country of the Yehuḏim and in
Yerushalayim, whom they even killed by hanging on a timber.
40Elohim raised up this One on the third day, and let Him be seen,”
41not to all the people, but to witnesses, those having been chosen before by Elohim
– to us who ate and drank with Him after He arose from the dead.
42And He commanded us to proclaim to the people, and to witness that it is He who
was appointed by Elohim to be Judge of the living and the dead.
43To this One all the prophets bear witness, that through His Name, everyone
believing in Him does receive forgiveness of sins.
EVEN THOUGH MULTIPLE WITNESSES SAW YESHUA DIED BY
CRUCIFIXION, THERE EVEN MORE WITNESSES TO HIM
RESURRECTED PRIOR TO THE 4TH DAY WHEN THE EFFECTS OF
DECAY WOULD SET IN.
th
The 4 Day
Connection
“ON THE THIRD DAY”: THE TIME FRAME OF JESUS’ DEATH AND
RESURRECTION -MARTIN PICKUP
“But what about the specific point that decay begins after the third day of death?
There is good evidence that this was the common idea among Jews as early as the
first century. It is reflected in John 11:1–44 where we read that Martha ini-tially
objects to Jesus’ request to open the tomb of her brother Lazarus, saying, “Lord, by
this time there will be a stench, for he has been dead four days” (v. 39). The fact that
Jesus arrives on the fourth day of Lazarus’s death is a key point in the pericope. It is
stated twice (vv. 17, 39), and the text emphasizes that Jesus purposely delayed his
journey so that he would arrive at the tomb on the fourth day, a point when
Lazarus’s body had already begun to decay. (This would make it evident to all
afterward that Lazarus had not been mistakenly pronounced dead but that Jesus
had performed a true resurrection miracle.”
“ Lazarus in the grave for 4 days shows the portrait of
mankind’s sinful nature and a decayed corruptible existence.
Yeshua’s Resurrection on the 3rd Day is a portrait of His un-
sinful nature, and incorruptible existence from the beginning.
”
All the more evidence of why Yeshua’s Resurrection was
on the 3rd Day and how spectacular Mankind’s will be
thru Him.
ASCENSION STORIES
The ancient world was well versed in stories of ascension in their cultures.
Specifically writings of people turned into gods after their death. However
these stories referred to ascending spirits and not resurrected bodies. Also
there are no witnesses to these spirit ascensions in reality.
But there is A Resurrected Yeshua who Ascends before the eyes of witnesses.
LUKE24
36 And as they were saying this, יהושעHimself stood in the midst of them,
and said to them, “Peace to you.”
37 And being startled and frightened, they thought they had seen a spirit.
38 And He said to them, “Why are you troubled? And why do doubts arise in
your hearts?
39 “See My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself. Handle Me and see, for a
spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see I have.”
40 And saying this, He showed them His hands and His feet.
41 And while they were still not believing for joy, and marveling, He said to
them, “Have you any food here?”
42 And they gave Him a piece of a broiled fish and some honeycomb.
43 And taking it He ate in their presence.
THE 3RD DAY MOTIF FOUND
THROUGH OUT SCRIPTURE.
12 And the earth brought forth grass, the plant that yields seed
according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in
itself according to its kind. And Elohim saw that it was good.
3 And Aḇraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his
young men with him, and Yitsḥaq his son. And he split the wood for the ascending offering,
and arose and went to the place which Elohim had commanded him.
4 And on the "Third Day" Aḇraham lifted his eyes and saw the place from a distance
3RD DAY EVENTS
• On the third day — Pharaoh releases his chief cupbearer from death-row. (Genesis
40:20-21)
• On the third day — Joseph releases his brothers from prison in Egypt. (Genesis
42:17-18)
• On the third day — The Israelites request Pharaoh's permission to make a three-
day journey to offer sacrifice in the desert to God. (Exodus 3:18)
• On the third day — God descends to Mount Sinai in fire with the sound of a shofar.
Israel receives the Torah after their resurrection from the death of slavery in Egypt.
(Exodus 19:16-19)
JONAH1
17But יהוהappointed
a great fish to
swallow Yonah. And
Yonah was in the
stomach of the fish
three days and three
nights.
JONAH3
1And the word of יהוהcame to Yonah
the second time, saying,
2“Arise, go to Ninewĕh, that great
city, and proclaim to it the message
that I am speaking to you.”
3And Yonah arose and went to
Ninewĕh, according to the word of
.יהוהNow Ninewĕh was a great city
before Elohim, of three day’s journey.
4And Yonah began to go in to the city
on the first day’s walk. And he cried
out and said, “Yet forty days, and
Ninewĕh shall be overthrown!”
5And the men of Ninewĕh believed in
Elohim, and proclaimed a fast, and put
on sackcloth, from the greatest to the
least of them.
MATTHEW12
Acts 2:22-36
Acts 13:34-37
Yeshua’s death was the manifestation of the corruption we were to
His death was our corruption. He became sin for us... in line with
what The rabbinical thought was on the physical corruption.
But Yeshua over comes death and corruption in three days...
First spiritual than physical. ”
2PETER3
8But, beloved ones, let not this one matter
be hidden from you: that with יהוהone day
is as a thousand years, and a thousand years
as one day.
9 יהוהis not slow in regard to the promise, as
some count slowness, but is patient toward
us, not wishing that any should perish but
that all should come to repentance.
10But the day of יהוהshall come as a thief in
the night, in which the heavens shall pass
away with a great noise, and the elements
shall melt with intense heat, and the earth
and the works that are in it shall be burned
up.
PSALM90
,יהוהYou have been our refuge In all
generations.
2Before the mountains were born, Or You
had brought forth the earth and the world,
Even from everlasting to everlasting You are
Ěl.
3You turn man back to dust, And say,
“Return, O children of men.”
4For a thousand years in Your eyes Are like
yesterday that has past, Or like a watch in
the night.
5You have swept them away, They are as a
sleep, Like grass that springs up in the
morning.
HOSEA 6
Table 1
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Creation Day 1 Creation Day 2 Creation Day 3 Creation Day 4 Creation Day 5 Creation Day 6 Creation Day 7
Genesis 1:1-5 Genesis 1:6-8 Genesis 1:9-13 Genesis 1:14-19 Genesis 1:20-23 Genesis 1:24-31 Genesis 2:1-3
God first separates light from God creates the Heavens or God herds all of the w ater into God orders the lights in the God generates creatures of God creates the land God sanctifies the 7th day as
darkness. the Sky as w ell as the oceans one place so that there can sky, the stars, sun, and moon. the sea and air. creatures, cattle, craw ling the Sabbath and rests.
by fastening a huge w edge appear dry land as w ell as These make it possible to keep things, w ild animals, and
betw een them. everything else that comes track of time so that the sacred humankind.
w ith fertile soil, such as trees, calendar is built into very
plants, seeds, and all kinds of fibers of creation itself.
vegetation.
Nissan 11 Nissan 12 Nissan 13 Nissan 14 Nissan 15 Nissan 16 Nissan 17 Nissan 18
Last Supper, Trial, Crucifixion High Sabbath, Yeshua in tomb In tomb Weekly Sabbath, in tomb during day Feast of First Fruits
Yeshua dies as the 1st Adam, body marred Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
symbolizing humanities corruption Night 1 Night 3 Night 4
Night 2
Yeshua Risen on third day
• 1st Temple Constructed by Solomon in mid 10th Century BCE- Beginning of 3rd Day
/Millennium.
• Solomon begins building the House ofYHWH in 4th year of His reign (4
representing corruption of man/Solomon)1Kings 6:1
• Foundation for 1st Temple was laid in the 4th Year of Construction. 1Kings
6:37Yeshua is the Foundation that was laid in the 4th Day/Millennium, 4th Day of
the week to redeem the corruption of man.
• The House ofYHWH was completed in 7Years. Yeshua returns 3 Days after the
foundation work was laid on the 4th day to rule from Jerusalem.
THE 2ND TEMPLE FINISHED ON THE 3RD DAY/3RD MILLENNIUM….
• Second Temple finished on the 3rd Day of the month of Adar , still built in 3rd
Day/Millennium. Ezra 6:15
• Started off pure with the decree to rebuild. Corruption would manifest in the 4th
Day/Millennium.
• The Kept Feast of Unleavened Bread for 7 Days. Ezra 6:22
YESHUA ..”DESTROY THIS TEMPLE….”
John 2:18And the Yehuḏim answered and said to Him, “What sign do You show to us,
since You are doing these?”
19 יהושעanswered and said to them, “Destroy this Dwelling Place, and in three days I
shall raise it.”
20Then the Yehuḏim said, “It took forty-six years to build this Dwelling Place, and You
are going to raise it in three days?”
21But He spoke about the Dwelling Place of His body.
Is the Pattern of the 434 plan embedded here?
YESHUA ..”DESTROY THIS TEMPLE….”