Functions 8 - Periodic Functions and Miscellaneous Problems PDF

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATIC
S
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
MATHEMATIC
S
Inequalities, Functions and Graphs
Example Find the period of : y = |sin x| + |cos x|
MATHEMATIC
S
1
Example If 2f (x2)+ 3f 2 = x –1 ∀ Then f (x ) = ?
2 2
RELATIONS
x AND FUNCTIONS
x
MATHEMATIC
S

PERIODIC FUNCTIONS AND
TOOLS TO FIND PERIOD -I
MATHEMATIC
S
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
A function f(x) is said to be periodic if there exists a positive
real number T such that
f(x + T) = f(x) , ∀ x in the domain of f.
Graphically, graphs of periodic function repeats
after a fixed length of interval
1
f(x0) f(x0+2π)
e.g. sin x, cos x etc. are periodic function
–2π x0 – 0 x0+2π π 2
π –
MATHEMATIC
π
2π 1 S +2π)
f(x0) = f(x0
To find period, we need the following:
1. Periods of some standard function.
2. Tools to find periods of non standard function.
1. Periods of some standard function.
sinnx, cosnx 2π ; n ∈ odd
cosecnx, secnx π ; n ∈ even
tannx, cotnx π;n∈

| sin x | ..., | cot x | N
π
{x} 1
➢ Algebraic functions like x,MATHEMATIC
x2 + 2, … are non periodic.
➢ Constant function is periodic but period
S is not defined
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS AND

TOOLS TO FIND PERIOD-II
MATHEMATIC
S

Tools to find period
1) If period of f (x) = T;
T
then period of K f(ax + b) + c
|a|
‘a’ is the only transformation which results

in stretching or compression of graph.
2) If f (x) has period T1 and g(x) has period T2 , then
f (x) ± g(x)
Period is LCM
f (x) . g(x) MATHEMATIC
of (T1, T2)
f (x) / g(x) S
Note RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1. LCM of 2 rational numbers always exist.
a , c LCM of (a, c)
LCM =
b d HCF of (b, d)
5 , 3 15
LCM = = 7.5
2 4 2
2. LCM of rational and irrational numbers

never exists
MATHEMATIC
LCM (2 , 2π) Does not exist
S
RELATIONS
3. L.C.M. of 2 irrational ANDonly
numbers exists FUNCTIONS
when one is
rational multiple of other.
LCM √2 , √3 (Never exist)
LCM √ 3 , 3√ 3 3√ 3
LCM (π , π2) π2 is not an integral multiple of π
MATHEMATIC
S
RELATIONS
If ‘T’ is a period then every nT (nAND
∈ Z+FUNCTIONS
) is also
period.
Smallest of all periods is called fundamental period.
When we apply LCM rule the result need not be a fundamental period.
Example
Consider f(x) = sin4x + cos4x
π
Period of sin4x π But fundamental period of f(x) is
2
Period of cos4x π π
 f x+ = f(x)
∴Period of f(x) LCM (π, π) = π 2
MATHEMATIC
S

PROBLEMS BASED ON PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATIC
S
Example Find the period of the following :
1) y = 2sin x ?
2) y = 2 sin (3x + 1) ?
3) y = sin (– 2x + 1) ?
4) y = {x + 1/2} ?
5) y = {2x} ?
6) y = log(2x) ?
7) y = sin x + sin 2x MATHEMATIC

?
S
Example Find the period of the following :

1) y = 2sin x 2π
Solution
2π
2) y = 2 sin (3x + 1)
3
3) y = sin (– 2x + 1) π
4) y = {x + 1/2} 1
5) y = {2x} 1/2
6) y = log(2x) log is not periodic

MATHEMATIC
7) y = sin x + sin 2x L.C.M (2π, π) = 2π
2π π S
8) y = sin x + cosRELATIONS
3x. AND
? FUNCTIONS
2π 2π
3
9) y = sin x + {x} ?
2π 1
10) y = e{x} ?
11) y = log (2 {x}) ?
MATHEMATIC
S
Solution
8) y = sin x RELATIONS
+ cos 3x. ANDL.C.M 2π , 2π = 2π
FUNCTIONS 3
2π 2π
3
9) y = sin x + {x} L.C.M (1 , 2π) = Does not exist
2π 1
10) y = e{x} e{x} has period unity
e
As {x} has
1 period unity
0 1 2 3
MATHEMATIC
11) y = log (2 {x}) S log 2 {x} has period unity
MATHEMATIC
S
sin x and cos x have period of 2π,
Solution : y = f(x) = |sin x| + |cos x| |sin x| and |cos x| have period of π
π π π
f x+ = sin x + + cos x +
2 2 2
= |cos x | + |–sin x |
= |cos x | + |sin x |
So, period is π
2
MATHEMATIC
S

Remark
Whenever we have some even power or modulus of complementary
function in addition then the period is generally half of L.C.M.
In general if periods of f (x) and g(x) are T1 and T2 respectively,

then period of f (x) + g(x) is either L.C.M of T1 and T2 or
L.C.M. of T1 and T2
where n ∈
n N
MATHEMATIC
S
1
2 2
RELATIONS
x AND FUNCTIONS
x
MATHEMATIC
S
1
2 2
RELATIONS
x AND FUNCTIONS
x
Solution :
1
2f (x2)+ 3f 2
2 = x –1 .... 1
x
Replace x by (1/x)
1 2 1
2f 2 + 3f (x ) = –1 .... 2
x x2
1 ×2 – 2 ×3
MATHEMATIC
S
Solution : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
1 2 2
1 ×2 6f 2 + 4 f (x ) = 2x –2
x
1 2 3
2 ×3 6f + 9 f (x ) = – 3
x2 x2
3
– 5 f (x2) = 2x2 –2 – +3
x2
2x4 –3
= +1
x2
2 2x4 MATHEMATIC
– 3 + x2 –2x4 – x2 + 3
f (x ) = =
S
– 5 x2 5 x2
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Functions 8 - Periodic Functions and Miscellaneous Problems PDF

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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

tannx, cotnx π;n∈

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

PERIODIC FUNCTIONS AND

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

‘a’ is the only transformation which results

Note RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

2. LCM of rational and irrational numbers

LCM √2 , √3 (Never exist)

LCM (π , π2) π2 is not an integral multiple of π

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

7) y = sin x + sin 2x MATHEMATIC

Example Find the period of the following :

6) y = log(2x) log is not periodic

11) y = log (2 {x}) ?

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

In general if periods of f (x) and g(x) are T1 and T2 respectively,

Solution : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

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