Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.

com
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

THEORY
C HA OS A ND
G AUGE FI E LD
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

This page is intentionally left blank

 World Scientific Lecture Notes in Physics - Vol. 56

CHAOS AND
GAUGE FIELD
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

THEORY

T.S. Biro
Justus - Liebig - Universitdt, Giessen, Germany

S.G. Matinyan
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia

B. Muller
Duke University, Durham, USA

World Scientific
Singapore • NewJersey • London • Hong Kong
 Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
P 0 Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 9128
USA office: Suite 1B, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, London WC2H 9HE

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bud, T. S.
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

Chaos and gauge field theory / T. S. Bird, S. G. Matinyan, B. Muller.

by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

p. cm. -- (World Scientific lecture notes in physics ; vol. 56)

Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9810220790
1. Chaotic behavior in systems . 2. Gauge fields (Physics)
I. Matinyan, S. G. II. Muller, B. III. Title. IV. Series.
Q172.5.C45B57 1994
003'.85--dc2O 94-38552
CIP

Copyright 0 1994 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.

For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA.

Printed in Singapore.
 Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Overview . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Classical Nonabelian Gauge Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Yang- Mills Fields in Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 CHAOTIC DYNAMICS 13
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

2.1 Hamiltonian Dynamics and KAM Theorem . . . . . . . . . 14

by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

2.2 Nonintegrable Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.2.1 Periodic orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.2 Poincare surface of section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.3 Lyapunov exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.4 Power spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3 Example : H-atom in a Magnetic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3.1 Scaling properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3.2 Regular and chaotic motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.4 Quantum Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4.1 Energy level statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4.2 Semiclassical theory and periodic orbits . . . . . . . 37

3 CHAOS IN GAUGE THEORY 39

3.1 Homogeneous Yang- Mills Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1.1 Nonabelian plane waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1.2 The simplest chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.1.3 Periodic orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.1.4 Poincare sections and Lyapunov exponents . . . . . . 54
3.2 General Yang- Mills Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.3 Higgs- Mechanism and Stochasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.4 Quantum Mechanics of the Yang - Mills System . . . . . . . 70

4 TOPOLOGICAL FIELD THEORIES 75

4.1 Inhomogenous Yang-Mills Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.1.1 Spherically symmetric Yang- Mills equations . . . . . . 77
4.1.2 Numerical analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.1.3 The continuous string limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2 The 't Hooft-Polyakov Monopole . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.1 A stable monopole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.2 Topological properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

V
 vi

4.2.3 Stability . . . . .. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.2.4 Numerical integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3 Chern-Simons Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3.1 Topological mass . ... .. . . . . . .... . . . . . . 96
4.3.2 Chaos in the uniform Chern-Simons model . . . . . . 99
4.3.3 Other mechanisms for stabilizing chaos . . . . . . . . . 102

5 LATTICE GAUGE THEORY 107

5.1 The Feynman Path Integral . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.2 Path Integral Quantization of Yang- Mills Theory . . . . . . 113
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

5.3 Lattice Gauge Theory . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5.4 Quark Confinement and Deconfinement . .. . . .. . . . . 125

6 HAMILTONIAN LATTICE GAUGE THEORY 133

6.1 The Continuous Time Limit . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.2 The Strong Coupling Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6.3 The Geometry of Lie Groups .... . .. . . . . .. . . . . 140

7 COMPUTING SU(2) GAUGE THEORY 151

7.1 The Quaternion Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
7.1.1 Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.1.2 Trace . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
7.1.3 Random quaternions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
7.2 Unitarity and Energy Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7.2.1 One-link update . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . 163
7.2.2 Conserving one-link update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
7.3 Lattice Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
7.4 Gauss' Law ... . . . . . . . . .. . ... ... . . . . . . . 173
7.5 Monte Carlo Methods . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
7.5.1 Heat-bath method . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 179
7.5.2 Metropolis method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
7.5.3 Langevin algorithm . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 182
7.5.4 Microcanonical simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

8 CHAOS IN LATTICE GAUGE THEORY 185

8.1 Diverging Gauge Field Trajectories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
8.2 The Lyapunov Spectrum of Lattice SU(2) . . . . . . . . . . 195
8.3 Self-Thermalization via Chaos? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

9 APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS 209

9.1 Quark Gluon Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 210
9.2 Early Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
9.3 Compact Electrodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
 VII

9.4 Infrared Instabilities of Nonabelian Gauge Fields . . . . . . 225

10 BEYOND THE CLASSICAL THEORY 235

10.1 Time-Dependent Variational Principle . . . . . . . . . . . 236
10.2 Gaussian Wave Packet on the Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
10.3 Thermal Properties and Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

11 CHAOS AND CONFINEMENT 257

11.1 The Dual Superconductor Picture of Confinement . . . . . 257
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

11.2 Random Fields and Confinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

11.3 Confinement by Random Color Sources . . . . . . . . . . . 266

BIBLIOGRAPHY 275

INDEX 285
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

This page is intentionally left blank

 Acknowledgements

A major part of our own work described in this monograph was per-
formed in close collaboration with Chengqian Gong and Atanas Trayanov,
whose contributions have been essential in bringing the subject of chaos
in gauge theories to its present state of development. We are especially
Chaos and Gauge Field Theory Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

grateful to C. Gong for the permission to use material from his thesis. One
by EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY on 03/30/16. For personal use only.

of us (S.G.M.) expresses his gratitude to George Savvidy for the close and
fruitful collaboration during the early phase of the field, including the dis-
covery of the "colored chaos", and he wishes to thank his collaborators G.
Baseyan, E. Egoryan, and N. Ter-Arutyunyan-Savvidy for collaboration in
the research carried out at the Yerevan Physics Institute.
This book would not have been completed without the invaluable tech-
nical help of Julia Clark, who managed to convert our manuscript from an
often chaotic state into publishable form. Her patience and understanding
is deeply appreciated. We would also like to thank Markus Thoma for a
careful reading of parts of the manuscript. One of us (T.S.B.) would like to
thank the Institut fur Theoretische Physik der Universitat Giessen and its
Director, Professor U. Mosel, for the technical and financial support during
the completion of this manuscript.
We thank the funding agencies sponsoring our research on the subject
presented in this book for their continued support. S.G.M. acknowledges
support from the U.S. National Research Council via the CAST program
and from the North Carolina Supercomputing Center. All three authors
thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Nu-
clear Physics Program, for support through grant DE-FG05-90ER40592.
S.G.M.'s special thanks go to Duke University, Office of International Pro-
grams, and to Prof. Vartan Gregorian, President of Brown University, for
their generous support at a critical stage of this project. He also thanks the
Physics Department of Duke University for providing excellent conditions
for his work.

Budapest Tamas S. Biro

Durham, North Carolina Sergei G. Matinyan
Berndt Muller

ix
word版下载：http://www.ixueshu.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------