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ABSTRACT
Single-phase switching
This paper presents a study of the ferroresonance A A
phenomena occurring on 33 kV PEA (Provincial
B
Electricity Authority) distribution network in Satun B A
province. The installations of 1000 kVA and 500 kVA C
C
delta-wye transformers, 300 meters underground
CCS CCS CCS B C
cable and capacitor in the low side of the
transformers cause the overvoltage while there are
single-phase or two phase switching events. The
result of overvoltage damages surge arresters that (a) (b)
are installed at the both transformers and the Figure 2 – Diagram to simplified ferroresonance
connection point between Partial Insulated circuit
Conductor (PIC) and underground cable in several
times. The analysis is made by ATP-EMTP simulation
compare with experimental events. The purposed
2. THE EXPERIMENTAL SIDE
solutions of this problem are determined on the
The experimental side is a grindstone mill which is
simulation and field test result.
PEA’s 33 kV customer. Through 33 kV distribution
system, the millstone has 2 transformers (1000 kVA
1. INTRODUCTION and 500 kVA) for grindstone motor; however, there
is no load on both transformers in the present. The
Ferroresonance, is a complex electrical phenomena distribution line to the millstone consist of 185 mm2
which may cause overvoltages and overcurrent with PIC, 95 mm2 PIC and 50 mm2 underground cable;
high levels of harmonic distortion. Ferroresonance moreover, there are five fuse cut out switches at every
can occur in a distribution system where single-phase connection line as shown in figure 3.
switching by fuse cut out was perform and unloaded 20.8 km 10 m 640 m 300 m 640 m 100 m
transformers were connected [1]. SW1 SW2 SW3
33 kV
Ferroresonance usually refers to a series
resonance between capacitance and iron core which is PIC 185 PIC 95 PIC 95
CT, PT,
Underground
cable
PIC 95
SW4 SW5
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0-7803-8560-8/04/$20.00©2004IEEE
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3. COMPARING BETWEEN
SIMULATION AND FIELD TEST
In order to investigate the characteristic of the event
which happened in this circuit and find the solution
for this problem. The computer simulation with ATP-
EMTP and field test have been used to analyze in no-
load state as follow :
Case 1 The effect on ferroresonance
Case2 The solution of ferroresonance overvoltage
The field test measurement is done by installation Figure 4 : Voltage at primary side of 500 kVA when
of single-phase potential transformers at every phase B at SW1 is energized.
switching positions to divide voltage for the
disturbance analyzer which are recorded all data. 3.1.2. De-energization
Figure 6 : Current through surge arrester at primary Figure 7 : Voltage at the primary side of 500 kVA,
side of 500 kVA when surge arrester phase C was when phase A at SW5 is energize.
damaged.
3.2.2. De-energization
a)
3.2. The solution of ferroresonance of this study
De-energization method is considered to avoid
In this case, many solutions are examined for ferroresonance phenomena. The single-phase
preventing the damage from ferroresonance switching method is switched from C, A then B. The
overvoltage phenomenon. The study concern about three phase switching method is done by three
the step of single-phase switching for fuse cut out. operators to switch three sets of fuse cut out
simultaneously.
3.2.1. Energization
Table 4 : Voltage at primary side of 500 between
The energization method is considered to avoid simulation and experiment results of de-energized.
ferroresonance phenomena. The single-phase Voltage Peak
switching method is switched from B, A then C. The
three phase switching method is done by three No Simulation Case Simulation Experience
operators to switch three sets of fuse cut out B A C B A C
simultaneously. 1 single phase
Table 3 : Voltage at primary side of 500 between switching at 1.006 1.988 2.068 1.042 2.194 2.255
simulation and experiment results of energized. SW1
2 single phase
Voltage Peak switching at 0.994 0.993 0.992 1.048 1.471 1.560
No Simulation SW5
Simulation Experience
case 3 3 phase
B A C B A C switching at 0.995 0.995 0.995 1.021 1.021 1.021
1 single phase SW1
switching at 0.994 1.389 1.401 1.042 2.194 2.255 4 3 phase
SW1 switching at 0.994 0.994 0.994 1.009 1.009 1.009
2 single phase SW5
switching at 0.995 0.994 0.976 1.045 1.474 1.603
SW5
3 3 phase
switching at 0.993 0.993 0.993 1.021 1.021 1.021
SW1
4 3 phase
switching at 0.995 0.995 0.995 1.052 1.052 1.052
SW5
The experiment illustrates that single-phase
energization at SW5 still cause the ferroresonance
overvoltage but the magnitude and duration of
overvoltage is lower and shorter than single-phase
energization at SW1. However three phase energizing
will not occur overvoltage. Figure 12 : Voltage at the primary side of 500 kVA,
when phase A at SW5 is de-energized (after C).
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The simulation result illustrates that single-phase is one of examples for this case. The ferroresonance
de-energization at SW5 will not cause the will occur when there is no load of the transformers.
overvoltage meanwhile the experiment result shows The recommended solutions to avoid the damages
that overvoltage still occur. But the magnitude and from ferroresonance overvoltage are as follow:
duration of overvoltage is lower and shorter than de- 1. Three phase switching : The alteration fuse cut
energization at SW1. In case of three phase out (single-phase protection equipment) to be a
switching, the result of simulation is consistent to the recloser (three phase protection equipment) is
result of experiment and ferroresonance overvoltage recommended as in this paper. However recloser is
will not occur. very expensive (8,900 USD/unit) compares with the
acceptable damage of surge arresters (66
USD/phase). The decision is depend on reliability of
the system.
2. Switching at load : The experiment results
illustrate that energizing or de-energizing at load
(SW5) can reduce the effect of ferroresonance
overvoltage.
PEA and Chulalongkorn university have been
developing the auxiliary equipment that can de-
energize all three phase high voltage switch
simultaneously. It will solve the problem in case of
ferroresonanace overvoltage.