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BAHASA INGGRIS
OLEH :
HUSNUL KHOTIMAH
035 STYC 17
Human Anatomy and Physiology are organized into various parts of the body system, i.e.
So human anatomy and physiology is the study of the structure of the human body.
1. Frame system
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones located along the axis of the human
body. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, middle ear bones, hyoid bones, ribs,
and spine.
The muscular system consists of around 650 muscles which help with
movement, blood flow, and other bodily functions.
There are three types of muscles, namely skeletal muscle that is connected with
bone, smooth muscle found in the digestive organs, and heart muscle that is found
in the heart and helps pump blood
3. Circulatory system
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and about 5 liters
of blood carried by blood vessels. The circulatory system is supported by the
heart, which is only the size of a closed fist. Even at rest, the average heart easily
pumps more than 5 liters of blood throughout the body every minute.
4. Digestive system
Food passes through the digestive tract which consists of the oral cavity, pharynx
(throat), larynx (esophagus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and ends in
the anus.
Besides the digestive tract, there are several important accessory organs in the
anatomy of the human body that help digest food. Accessory organs of the
digestive system include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas.
5. Endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of several glands that secrete hormones into the
blood. These glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, and genital gland
(gonads). The gland is controlled directly by stimulation of the nervous system
and also by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other
glands.
By regulating the function of organs in the body, this gland helps maintain
body homeostasis. Cellular metabolism, reproduction, sexual development, sugar
and mineral homeostasis, heart rate, and digestion are among the many hormonal
processes.
6. Nervous system
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and
all the nerves that connect these organs to other parts of the body. These organs
are responsible for the control of the body and communication between its parts.
The brain and spinal cord form a control center known as the central
nervous system. Sensory nerves and sensory organs of the peripheral nervous
system monitor conditions inside and outside the body and transmit central
nervous system information. The efferent nerves in the peripheral nervous system
carry signals from the control center to muscles, glands, and organs to regulate
their function.
7. Respiratory system
The cells of the human body need oxygen flow to stay alive. The
respiratory system provides oxygen to body cells while releasing carbon dioxide
and waste products that can be lethal if left to accumulate.
There are three main parts of the respiratory system: the airways, lungs,
and respiratory muscles. The airways include the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. This channel carries air through the nose to the
lungs.
Eyeballs can be distinguished walls and their contents. The wall consists of three
layers. Outer layers are hard membranes, which in the front turn into clear
membranes. The middle layer is called the choroid membrane which coats the hard
membrane from the inside. In the future the choroid membrane does not follow the
clear membrane. At the transition place of the choroid membrane and the rainbow
membrane there is a thicker shape and is known as the ciliary body. In the middle of
the iris there is a hole called an eye bead.
B. Hearing Sense
The middle listener consists of a hollow cavity connected to the pharynx through
the Eustachian tube. In the hollow cavity there are the bones of the listener, namely
hammer, foundation and stirrups. The hammer is attached to the perforated membrane
and with a small joint also connected to the foundation. The foundation of contact
with the stirrup is attached to the membrane that closes the jorong trap on the wall in
the hollow cavity
9. Immune system
The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses, and other
pathogens that may be dangerous, by guarding and attacking these pathogenic
genes. These include lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including
B cells and T cells), thymus, and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.
10. Lymphatic system
is making and removing lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells,
which helps the body fight infection. The lymphatic system also removes excess
lymph fluid from body tissues, and returns it to the blood.
Male reproductive organs are divided into parts of the manufacture of semen
and parts of the distributor of semen. The first part is in the form of genital glands,
which are testicles that form seminal cells. The right and left testicles hang in a
fold of skin in the form of pockets and are located under the pubic bone called the
scrotum. On the back side of each testicles there are testicles that are classified as
a channel distributor. Semen cells come out of the testicles and enter the testicles.
Here the seminal cells pass through a smooth, winding channel and at the bottom
of the testicles they turn into the seminal tube, which runs in front of the pubic
bone upward, accompanied by testicular veins and plait veins. Testicles, testicles
and seminal cord are covered by several veils and also a layer of muscle called the
pegantung muscle that can pull the testicles and testicles up.