Question OptionA

A Triac has three terminals viz ………………

Drain, source, gate
A triac is equivalent to two SCRs …………. In parallel
A triac is a …………. switch Bidirectional
The V-I characteristics for a triac in the first and third quadrants are
essentially identical to those of ………………. in its first quadrant Transistor
A triac can pass a portion of …………… half-cycle through the load Only positive
A diac has  ………….. terminals Two
A triac has …………….. semiconductor layers Two
A diac has …………… pn junctions Four
The device that does not have the gate terminal is ………………. Triac
A diac has ……………… semiconductor layers Three
A UJT has ………………. Two pn junctions
The normal way to turn on a diac is by ……………….. Gate current
In a UJT, the p-type emitter is ……………. doped Lightly
Frequencies above 20 kHz
Power electronics essentially deals with control of a.c. power at …………
When a UJT is turned ON, the resistance between emitter terminal and Remains the same
lower base
To turn on UJT, the forward bias on the emitter diode should be …………… Less than
the peak point voltage
A UJT is sometimes called …………. diode Low resistance
When the temperature increases, the inter-base resistance (RBB) of a UJT Increases
………….
A diac is turned on by ………………… A breakover voltage
The UJT may be used as ………………. Am amplifier
A diac is simply ……………… A single junction device
After peak point, the UJT operates in the ……………. region Cut-off
The triac is ……………. Like a bidirectional SCR
 A transistor has ………………… one pn junction
The number of depletion layers in a transistor is ………… four
The base of a transistor is ………….. doped heavily
The element that has the biggest size in a transistor is ……………….. collector
In a pnp transistor, the current carriers are …………. acceptor ions
The collector of a transistor is …………. doped heavily
A transistor is a …………… operated device current
In a npn transistor, ……………. are the minority carriers free electrons
The emitter of a transistor is ………………… doped heavily
In a transistor, the base current is about ………….. of emitter current 25%
 At the base-emitter junctions of a transistor, one finds …………… a reverse bias
The input impedance of a transistor is …………. high
In a transistor ……………….. IC = IE + IB
The value of α of a transistor is ………. more than 1
 The output impedance of a transistor is …………….. high
IC = αIE + …………. IB
The relation between β and  α is ………….. β = 1 / (1 – α )
The value of β for a transistor is generally ……………….. 1
MOSFET has greatest application in digital circuit due to Low power consumption

The enhancement MOSFET is    Normally of MOSFET

In MOSFETs N-channel is more preferred than P-channel because It is cheaper

 IGFET is a ................ device Linear
The main types of field effect transistor are BJT and FET
The transistor can be operated in Active region
The arrow in a transistor terminal represents Emitter
Transistor is a device which is a Transferring voltage device
Power diodes are used in Rectifier
The power diodes are made of Aluminium

The Schottky diode turns OFF Faster w.r.t PN junction diode

The tunnel diode is mainly used For very high speed of switching
The tunnel diode is best suited for Amplitude limiters
 Varicap is a Forward biased diode
Varicaps are used In parametric amplifiers
The varactor is widely used in FM receivers
Which of the following is fastest switching devices? Triod
One of the following devices is not a unipolar device: DE-MOSFET
Which of the following is ideally suited for choppers? JFET
The reverse current in a diode is of the order of ………………. kA
The forward voltage drop across a silicon diode is about ………………… 2.5 V

 A crystal diode is used as …………… an amplifier

A zener diode has ……….. one pn junction
A zener diode is used as ……………. an amplifier
ow forward current carrying
An ideal power diode must have capacity
a three terminal semiconductor
Power diode is __________ device
The V-I Characteristics of the diode lie in the 1st & 2nd quadrant

Which of the following is true in case of a power diode with R load? I grows almost linearly with V
 cathode is positive with respect
 A diode is said to be reversed biased when the to the anode
cathode is positive with respect
 A diode is said to be forward biased when the to the anode
In case of an ideal power diode, the leakage current flows from anode to cathode

A power diode with small softness factor (S-factor) has small oscillatory over voltages
When both V & I are minimum
 The power loss in which of the following cases would be the maximum?
 In an AC-DC converter, a diode might be used as a voltage source
 When the p-n junction diode is forward biased, the width of the depletion  increases
region __________
When the p-n junction diode is reversed biased, the width of the depletion
region ________  increases
 In case of a practical p-n junction diode, the rise in the junction decreases the width of the
temperature ___________ depletion region

Which of the following diodes uses a metal-semiconductor junction? General purpose diodes

Which of the below mentioned statements is false regarding Schottky Schottky diodes have a Al-Silicon
diodes? junction

A Schottky diode _____  has current flow due to holes

only

Which of the following are/is the majority charge carriers in a Schottky Holes
diode?
In a Schottky diode, the silcon is usually  N-type
 A Schottky diode has __________ a gate terminal
A Schottky diode can be switchd off much faster than an equivalent p-n higher operating frequency
junction diode due to its

Which of the following devices does not belong to the transistor family?  IGBT
three layer, three junction
 A power transistor is a device
two terminal, bipolar, voltage
A power transistor is a _________ device. controlled
Which of the following relations is true for a BJT? Ic ≈ Ie
Which of the following terminals does not belong to the MOSFET?  Drain

Choose the correct statement MOSFET is a uncontrolled device

The controlling parameter in MOSFET is Vds
Id as a function of Vgs with Vds
The output characteristics of a MOSFET, is a plot of as a parameter
A thyristor (SCR) is a P-N-P device
Which terminal does not belong to the SCR? Anode
An SCR is a  four layer, four junction device

 Choose the false statement. SCR is a bidirectional device

In the SCR structure the gate terminal is located near the anode terminal

Ia (anode current) vs Ig (gate

current), Va (anode – cathode
The static V-I curve for the SCR is plotted for voltage) as a parameter
If the cathode of an SCR is made positive with respect to the anode & no all the junctions are reversed
gate current is applied then biased

 For an SCR in the reverse blocking mode, (practically) leakage current does not flow
 With the anode positive with respect to the cathode & the gate circuit
open, the SCR is said to be in the reverse blocking mode

For an SCR in the reverse blocking mode, (practically)  leakage current does not flow
 With the anode positive with respect to the cathode & the gate circuit
open, the SCR is said to be in the  reverse blocking mode

For an SCR in the forward blocking mode (practically)  leakage current does not flow

 anode-cathode voltage at which

conduction starts with gate
 The forward break over voltage is the signal applied

For a forward conducting SCR device, as the forward anode to cathode  the device turns on at higher
voltage is increased values of gate current

 A thyristor can be bought from the forward conduction mode to forward

blocking mode by the dv/dt triggering method
Usually the forward voltage triggering method is not used to turn-on the
SCR because it increases losses
 Among the following, the most suitable method to turn on the SCR device
is the gate triggering method

The forward break over voltage is maximum when Gate current = ∞

 gate signal is continuously
 For the SCR to remain in the ON (conducting) state required
In the reverse blocking mode the middle junction (J2) has the
characteristics of that of a transistor
The minimum value of anode current below which it must fall to
completely turn-off the device is called as th holding current value
 The latching current is _________ than the holding current lower
  chargers are injected by
For effective turning off of the SCR after the anode current has reached applying reverse anode-cathode
zero value, ______________ voltage

circuit turn-off time must be

greater than the thyristor turn-
To avoid commutation failure off time
lesser is the time required to
 Higher the magnitude of the gate pulse inject the charges

 connecting an inductor in
di/dt protection is provided to the thryistor by parallel across the load

connecting a capacitor in parallel

dv/dt protection is provided to the SCR by with the load

A voltage source Vs = Vm sinωt is connected in series with a resistance R

and an SCR. At some firing angle delay of α a positive gate pulse is applied
to the SCR which turns on the SCR. Considering ideal conditions, at the
instant α the voltage at the resistor terminals Vo falls to zero

The average output voltage is maximum when SCR is triggered at ωt =  π

n the method of phase control, the phase relationship between ___ & ___
is controlled by varying the firing angle supply current, supply voltage
 In a single phase half-wave thyristor circuit with R load & Vs=Vm sinωt, the
maximum value of the load current can be given by 2Vm/R
For a single phase thyristor circuit with R load & firing angle α, the
conduction angle can be given by π+α

A single-phase half-wave thyristor circuit with R load is triggered at an

angle of α = 0°. As such, the maximum value of the average output voltage
would be given by Consider Vs = Vm sinωt. Vm
A single-phase half wave circuit has Vs = 230 V with a R load of 100 Ω. Find
the average load current at α = 30° 1.45 A
 For a single phase half-wave thyristor circuit with R load, the power  (average load voltage) x
delivered to the resistive load is (average load current)

In case of a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load, with firing angle α γ = β+α
and extinction angle β, the conduction angle γ can be written as
In case of a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load, with firing angle α  β to α
and extinction angle β, the thyristor is reversed biased from

In a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load and a freewheeling diode,

the load voltage during the freewheeling period will be zero
In a single-phase half-wave circuit with RL load and a freewheeling diode,
the freewheeling period is 0 to π
Choose the incorrect statement with respect to the use of FD in half-wave
circuits.  Input pf is improved
By using a freewheeling diode (FD) in a rectifier with RL load, the power
consumed by the load increases

Find the expression for the average value of the output voltage for the
below given circuit. Consider the load current to be continuous, firing angle  (Vm/π)cosα
= α, transformer ration 1:1 and Vs = Vm sinωt.

A fully controlled converter uses diodes only

A single phase full-converter using R load is a _________ quadrant

converter and that using an RL load without FD is a __________ quadrant
converter one, one
A single phase full controlled bridge converter (B-2) uses  4 SCRs and 2 diodes
In a B-2 type full controlled bridge converter one SCR conducts at a time
A single-phase full controlled converted with RLE load will act like a line-
commutated inverter when the firing angle α α > 180
In converter operation, with output voltage = Vo and RLE load. Vo < E

 In inverter operation, with output voltage = Vo and a RLE load connected Vo < E
In case of controlled rectifiers, the nature of the load current (continues or
discontinuous) depends upon the  type of load and firing angle
In a single phase full converter with resistive load and firing angle α, the
load current is  zero at α, π+α, …
In a single phase semi converter with resistive load and a firing angle α,
each SCR and freewheeling diode would conduct for  α, 0°
In a semi-converter with RLE load during the freewheeling period, the
energy is fed back to the source
In a semi-converter with RLE load during the freewheeling period, the
energy is fed back to the source
 improves the power handling
In any AC-DC circuit, the freewheeling action capabilities
A single-phase semi-converter is having continuous conduction, as such
each thyristor will conduct for an angle α
A three-phase, three-pulse, M-3 type controlled converter uses 1
____________ number of SCRs.

3
A three phase full converter will require __________ number of SCRs
A three phase six pulse full converter works as a ac to dc converter for
firing angles in the range α > 90

For a three phase full controlled converter, with 3 thyristors in the upper or
positive group and 3 thyristors in the lower or negative group, at any given  two thyristors are conducting
time from each group
In case of a three phase full controlled converter with 6 SCRs, commutation
occurs every 120°
For a three-phase full controlled converter with R load, the average value
of output voltage is zero for α = 0°
 In a 3-phase semi-converter, for firing angle less than 60° the freewheeling
diode conducts for 30°

In a 3-phase semi-converter, firing angle is less than 60°, as such each SCR
and diode conduct respectively for __________ (in degrees)
60, 60
 Dual converters provide  two quadrant operation

 A dual converters has  two full converters in series

The major advantage of using dual converters is that it is cheaply available

 The four quadrant operation of dual converters can be obtained by moving the mechanical lever
 A single full converter alone can given a  four quadrant operation

 For a single-phase dual converter, with converters C1 and C2 connected in

anti-parallel, which relation among the following is true to keep the
average voltages from C1 and C2 equal? C1 and C2 have firing angles α1
and α2 respectively. α1 = α2
In non-circulating current mode dual converters, the circulating current is
avoided by  connecting a series reactor
n circulating current mode dual converters, the circulating current is
avoided by  connecting a series reactor

Circulating current exists only in

 Choose the correct statement circulating current mode

What causes circulating current in dual converters? Temperature issues

 In case of circulating current type dual converters, the reactor is inserted
between supply and converte
Circulating current type is faster
Choose the correct statement. in operation

Circulating current flows from load to converters

 If V1 and V2 are the instantaneous voltages of the two converter circuits in
the dual convert, then the output voltage is  V1 + V2
 it draws real and reactive power
When a line commutated converter operates in the inverter mode then from the supply

The reactor is required in a circulating current type dual converter to  improve the power factor
Dual converters handle ________ during no load. very high temperature

Converter 1 is operating as a
In a three phase dual converter, converter 1 is operating with α = 95° and rectifier and converter 2 as an
converter 2 is operating with α2 = 85°. Choose the correct statement. inverter
In circulating current type of dual converters, the nature of voltage across
the reactor is  triangular
it draws real and reactive power
When a line commutated converter operates in the inverter mode then from the supply
A step - down choppers can be used in Electric traction
In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltages are
respectively   discontinuous, continuous
The average value of the output voltage in a step - down dc chopper is
given by V 0 = V s
AC voltage controllers convert fixed ac to fixed dc
variable ac with fixed frequency
In AC voltage controllers the is obtained
Earlier then the semiconductor technology, ___________ devices were
used for voltage control applications. cycloconverters
The AC voltage controllers are used in __________ applications. power generation

the load is on for some cycles

In the principle of phase control and off for some cycles
one SCR is parallel with one
A single-phase half wave voltage controller consists of diode

the average power delivered to

In the integral cycle control method of ac voltage controller the load is controlled

In the integral cycle control of ac voltage controller, is the load is on for n

cycles and off for m cycles, then the periodicity is given by? Consider the
output is sinusoidal. m/2π(m+n)
Sequence control of ac voltage controllers is employed for the
improvement of _________ output frequency

A cycloconverter is a _________ one stage power converter

 Applications of cycloconverters include speed control of ac drives
The single phase mid-point type cycloconverter uses __________ number
of SCRs. 4
The single phase bridge type cycloconverter uses __________ number of
SCRs. 4

The principle of three phase cycloconverter is to add and remove number of SCRs
both inverting and converting
In a three phase half-wave cycloconverter ___________ action takes place
obtaining controlled ac power
 SMPS is used for supply
SPMS are based on the ________ principle. Phase control
SMPS is less sensitive to input
 Choose the incorrect statement. voltage variations
_________ is used for critical loads where temporary power failure can
cause a great deal of inconvenience. SMPS

 __________ is used in the rotating type UPS system to supply the mains. DC motor
 Static UPS requires __________ only rectifier
Usually __________ batteries are used in the UPS systems. NC
In an unregulated power supply, if load current increases, the output
voltage ……….. Remains the same
In an unregulated power supply, if input a.c. voltage increases, the output
voltage ……. Increases

The output power may be less

than, or greater than the input
Which of the following statements is true of a Buck-Boost Converter? power

The ac voltage controller can be used for  Lighting and heating control

Both harmonic distortion and

quality of input current
With increase in firing angle, increases
Positive voltage at the gate
 A TRIAC can be turned on with terminal

Frequency changer from higher

to lower frequency with one-
A cycloconverter is a state conversion

Natural commutationin
bothstep-up and step down
The cycloconverter require natural or forced commutation as under cycloconverter
Increase in output voltage at
The quality of output ac voltage of a cycloconverter is improved with reduced frequency
How many switches are used to construct a three-phase to three-phase
cycloconverter 3
A four quadrant chopper cannot be operated as : One quadrant chopper
Increase in output voltage at
The quality of output ac voltage of a cycloconverter is improved with reduced frequency

In voltage source inverters (VSIs), the amplitude of the output voltage is  independent of the load

amplitude depends upon the

In voltage source inverters (VSIs), the output currents _____________ load impedance

the amplitude of the output

current is independent of the
In current source inverters (CSIs) load

amplitude depends upon the

In current source inverters (CSIs), the output voltage’s load impedance
  L filter is used after the CSI (load
In current source inverters side)

 the input dc current to an ac

 A CSI converters current at output

The thyristor turn-off requires that the anode current falls below the holding current

The natural reversal of ac supply voltage commutates the SCR in case of forced commutation
voltage across the device
Natural commutation of an SCR takes place when becomes negative

___________ commutation is usually used in phase-controlled rectifiers line

 Parallel-capacitor commutation is line commutation

Class E commutation is a/an line commutation technique

some forward voltage drop,

An ideal diode has _________ &__________ some reverse recovery time
When a diode is connected in series with an AC source & R load, the
conduction time per cycle is 0
For a step-up/step-down chopper, if α (duty cycle) < 0.5 then Vo = Vs

TRIAC is used in chopper

 For high power applications _________ are used as static switches
whereas for low power applications __________ are used. Transistors, SCRs
 _________ can be used as a single phase static ac switch. Diode
___________ can be used as a dc static switch. GTO
 Static UPS requires __________ only rectifier
The GTO (gate turn-off thyristor) is a p-n-p-n device

The GTO can be turned off by a positive gate pulse

The anode current is ideally limited by the gate pulse amplitude

Heat dissipation from heat sink mainly takes place by radiation
SCRs are connected in parallel to fulfill the ___________ demand high voltage
AC-DC
 In the ___________ type of chopper, two stage conversions takes place.
Choppers converter AC to DC

A chopper may be thought as a Inverter with DC input

Which device can be used in a chopper circuit? BJT

 A chopper is a Time ratio controller

What is the duty cycle of a chopper ?  Ton/Toff
The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the  duty cycle
The values of duty cycle (α) lies between 0<α<1
 If T is the time period for a chopper circuit and α is its duty cycle, then the
chopping frequency is  Ton/α
Find the output voltage expression for a step down chopper with Vs as the
input voltage and α as the duty cycle.  Vo = Vs/α
In a step down chopper, if Vs = 100 V and the chopper is operated at a duty
cycle of 75 %. Find the output voltage. 100 V
Find the expression for output voltage for a step-up chopper, assume linear
variation of load current and α as the duty cycle. Vs
Find the output voltage for a step-up chopper when it is operated at a duty
cycle of 50 % and Vs = 240 V. 240 V
 If a step up chopper’s switch is always kept off then (ideally) Vo = 0
If a step up chopper’s switch is always kept open then (ideally) Vo = 1
For a step-down chopper, find the rms value of output voltage. Let α be the
duty cycle and Vs be the input voltage. a) α x Vs

A step-up chopper has input voltage of 220 V and output voltage of 660 V.
If the conducting time of the IGBT based chopper is 100 μs, compute Toff
width of the output voltage pulse. 100 μs
For a step-up chopper, when the duty cycle is increased the average value
of the output voltage increases
 For a step-down chopper, when the duty cycle is increased the average
value of the output voltage increases
For a step-up/step-down chopper, if the duty cycle > 0.5 then Vo = Vs
For a step-up/step-down chopper, if α (duty cycle) = 0.5 then Vo = Vs
For a step-up/step-down chopper, if α (duty cycle) < 0.5 then Vo = Vs
zero
For a step-up/step-down chopper, if current increases from I1 to I2 linearly
during Ton, then find the energy stored in the inductor during Ton
A step-down chopper is also called as a  first-quadrant chopper
In case of TRC (Time Ratio Control), _________ is varied  duty cycle
In constant frequency TRC or pulse width modulation scheme, ________ is Vs
varied.
 In case of variable frequency system __________ is varied T
In pulse width modulation scheme, _________ is kept constant. Vs
In case of frequency modulation system, ________ is kept constant.  T
The control strategy in which on and off time is guided by the pervious set
of values of a certain parameter is called as time ratio control
load current reaches the lower
 In the current limit control method, the chopper is switched off when limit
In the current limit control method, when the load current reaches a
predefined lower value, then the chopper is switched off

 Which type of chopper is used in the regenerative braking of DC motors? type A

 Inverters converts dc power to dc power
 AC on the supply side and DC on
Line-commutated inverters have the load side
In a VSI (Voltage source inverter)  the internal impedance of the
DC source is negligible

 Single phase half bridge inverters requires two wire ac supply

 In a single-phase half wave inverter ________ SCR(s) are/is gated at a
time.  one
The voltage in a single phase half wave inverter varies between Vs and 0

The output of a single-phase half bridge inverter on R load is ideally a sine wave
Find the conduction time of the diodes if the SCRs are fired at 0 and T/2 0
respectively in a single phase half wave inverter with R load

a sine wave
The output current wave of a single-phase full bridge inverter on RL load is
 Single-phase full bridge inverters requires  4 SCRs and 2 diodes
The output voltage from a single phase full wave bridge inverter varies
from Vs to –Vs
one SCR and one diode are
In a single phase full wave bridge inverter, when the output is Vs or –Vs conducting
For a full wave bridge inverter, the output voltage (Vo) Vo = Vs/2 for 0 < t < T/2
In a half wave circuit, forced commutation is essential when the load is inductive
In VSI (voltage source inverters) both voltage and current
depend on the load impedance

The total harmonic distortion (THD) is the measure of  input vs output power factor

In voltage fed thyristor inverters __________ commutation is required. load

The McMurray circuit is a commutation circuit

Forced commutation requires a precharged inductor

A three-phase bridge inverter requires minimum of _____________ 3
switching devices.

 In the three-phase bridge inverter, each step consists of 30°

 an inductor is placed in series
 In inverters, to make the supply voltage constant with the load
In the 180° mode VSI, ___________ devices conduct at a time. 5
Vs
What is the peak value of phase voltage in case of 3-phase VSI with 180°
mode. The supply side consists of a constant dc voltage source of Vs.
What is the maximum line voltage value in case of a three-phase VSI in
180° mode? 2Vs
The 120° mode of operation of a three phase bridge inverter requires 2
___________ number of steps.
In case of the 120° mode of operation, __________ devices conduct at a 2
time.
Safe commutation can be achieved in case of the ____________ operating
mode. 180°
 OptionB OptionC OptionD
Two main terminal and a gate ter Cathode, anode, gate None of the above
In series In inverse-parallel None of the above
Unidirectional Mechanical None of the above

SCR UJT None of the above

Only positive Both positive and negative None of the above
Three Four None of the above
Three Four Five
Two Three None of the above
FET SCR Diac
Two Four None of the above
One pn junction Three pn junctions None of the above
Gate voltage Breakover voltage None of the above
Heavily Moderately Is increased
Frequencies above 1000 kHz Frequencies less than 10 Hz 50 Hz frequency

Is decreased Is increased Is increased

Equal to More than None of the above

High resistance Single-base Double-base

Decreases Remains the same None of the above

Gate voltage Gate current None of the above

A sawtooth generator A rectifier None of the above
A three junction device A triac without gate terminal None of the above
Saturation Negative resistance None of the above
A four-terminal device Not a thyristor Answers (1) and (2)
two pn junctions three pn junctions four pn junctions
three one Two
moderately lightly None of the above
base emitter collector-base-junction
donor ions free electrons holes
moderately lightly lightly
voltage both voltage and current None of the above
holes donor ions acceptor ions
lightly moderately None of the above
20% 35% 5%
a wide depletion layer low resistance None of the above
low very high almost zero
IB = IC + IE IE = IC – IB IE  = IC + IB
less than 1 1 None of the above
zero low very low
ICEO ICBO βIB
β = (1 – α ) / α β = α / (1 – α ) β = α / (1 + α )
less than 1 between 20 and 500 above 500
Less noise Small amount of space it takes All of the above
on a chip
   Useful as a very good constant    Widely used because of easy
voltage source in its fabrication    Normally on MOSFET

   It is faster    It has better drive capability   It has better noise immunity
Logarithmic Half power Square law
UJT and FET JFET and MOSFET None of the above
Saturation region Cut-off region All of the above regions
Collector Base None of the above
Current operated one Power operated one Voltage operated one
Mixer Amplifier None of these
Germanium Silicon None of these
At the same speed as PN
junction diode Slower w.r.t PN junction diode None of these

To control the power For rectification For fast chopping

Amplifiers Oscillators Rectifiers
Reverse biased diode Both (a) and (b) None of the above
For generation of FM signal In electronic tuned circuits All of the above
TV receivers Communication equipment All of the above
BJT MOSFET JFET
JFET MOSFET BJT
SCR UJT BJT
mA μA A
3V 10 V 0.7 V

a rectifier an oscillator a voltage regulator

two pn junctions
a voltage regulator
large reverse breakdown
voltage
 a two terminal semiconductor
device
1st & 3rd quadrant
three pn junctions
a rectifier
high ohmic junction resistance
a four terminal semiconductor
device
1st & 4th quadrant
none of the above
a multivibrator
high reverse recovery time
 a three terminal analog device
Only in the 1st quadrant

I decays almost linearly with V I is independent of V I initial grows than decays

anode is positive with respect to cathode is negative with respect both cathode & anode are
the cathode to the anode negative
anode is positive with respect to  anode is negative with respect both cathode & anode are
the cathode to the anode positive
cathode to anode in both the directions leakage current does not flow

 large oscillatory over voltages  large oscillatory over voltages small peak reverse current
When both V & I are maximum  When only V is maximum  When only I is maximum

phase angle controller freewheeling Diode filter

 decreases remains Constant increases than Decreases

 decreases remains Constant increases than Decreases

 increases the barrier potential increases the width of the  width of the depletion region
depletion region increases but the barrier
potential remains constant

Fast recovery diodes Schottky diode None of the mentioned

There is no storage of charges in The majority charge carriers in a

a Schottky diode
 has no reverse recovery time
 Electrons
P-type
aluminum-silicon junction
no recombination of charges
Schottky diode are holes
 has large amount of storage
charges
Both holes & Electrons carry
equal current
 un-doped semiconductor
platinum gold junction
more compact structure
Schottky diodes can be switched
off faster than a p-n junction
diode of the same rating
has zero cut-in voltage
 None of the mentioned
silicon is not used
germanium-Arsenide junction
None of the mentioned

MOSFET GTO BJT

three layer, two junction device two layer, one junction device  four layer, three junction device
two terminal, unipolar, current three terminal, unipolar, voltage three terminal, bipolar, current
controlled controlled controlled
Ib ≈ Ic Ie ≈ Ib Ib ≈ Ie ≈ Ic
Gate  Base Source
MOSFET is a voltage controlled MOSFET is a current controlled MOSFET is a temperature
device device controlled device
Ig Vgs  Is
Id as a function of Vds with Vgs Ig as a function of Vgs with Vds Ig as a function of Vds with Vgs
as a parameter as a parameter as a parameter
N-P-N device P-N-P-N device P-N device
 Gate Base  Cathode
 three layer, single junction
four layer, three junction device four layer, two junction device device
In SCR the gate is the controlling SCR are used for high-power
SCR is a controlled device terminal applications
 in between the anode &
near the cathode terminal cathode terminal none of the mentioned
 Ia vs Va with Ig as a parameter Va vs Ig with Ia as a parameter Ig vs Vg with Ia as a parameter

 all the junctions are forward  only the middle junction is only the middle junction is
biased forward biased reversed biased
 leakage current flows from leakage current flows from leakage current flows from gate
anode to cathode cathode to anode to anode

 reverse conduction mode forward blocking mode forward conduction mode

leakage current flows from leakage current flows from leakage current flows from gate
anode to cathode cathode to anode to anode

reverse conduction mode forward blocking mode  forward conduction mode

leakage current flows from leakage current flows from leakage current flows from gate
anode to cathode cathode to anode to anode

anode-cathode voltage at which gate voltage at which gate voltage at which conduction
conduction starts with no gate conduction starts with no starts with anode-cathode
signal applied anode-cathode voltage voltage applied

the device turns on at lower  the forward impedance of the the forward impedance of the
values of gate current device goes on increasing device goes on decreasing

applying a reverse voltage across

 applying a negative gate signal
it causes noise production
 dv/dt triggering method
applying a positive gate signal
it may damage the junction &
destroy the device
forward voltage triggering
method
anode-cathode terminals
relatively it’s an inefficient
method
 temperature triggering method

Gate current = 0 Gate current = -∞ It is independent of gate current

no continuous gate signal is no forward anode-cathode negative gate signal is
required voltage is required continuously required

 capacitor inductor none of the mentioned

 latching current value switching current value peak anode current value
higher  same as negative of
chargers are removed by
applying reverse anode-cathode chargers are injected by  chargers are removed by
voltage applying gate signal applying gate signal

circuit turn-off time must be circuit turn-off time must be

lesser than the thyristor turn-off equal to the thyristor turn-off
time time none of the above mentioned
 greater is the time required to  greater is the value of anode lesser is the value of anode
inject the charges current current

connecting an inductor in series connecting an inductor in connecting an inductor in series

with the load parallel across the gate terminal with the gate

 connecting a capacitor &  connecting an inductor &

connecting an inductor in series resister in parallel with the resister in parallel with the
with the load device device

falls to –Vm sin α rises to Vm sin α rises to Vm sin ωt

0  π/2  π/4
 end of the load current, end of start of the load current, start of
the load voltage the load voltage load current, load voltage

 Vs/R Vm/2 Vs/2

 2π+α π-α α

2Vm/π Vm/π Vm/α

 0.57 A 0.96 A 2.3 A

 (rms supply voltage)2/R  (rms load voltage)2/R  (average load voltage)/R

 γ = β-α γ = β/α γ = α/β

β to 2π+α β to 2π  β to 2β

positive negative  positive than negative

α to π+α π to 2π+α  π/2 to 2π-α

Load current waveform is  It prevents the load voltage Reduces the reverse voltage
improved from becoming negative (PIV) faced by the SCR
decreases is not affected decreases to zero

 (Vm/π)(1+cosα) (2Vm/π)cosα (2Vm/π)(1+cosα)

thyristors only both diodes and thyristors  none of the mentioned

two, one one, two  two, two

4 SCRs 6 SCRs 4 SCRs and 2 diodes
two SCRs conduct at a time three SCRs conduct at a time four SCRs conduct at a time

α > 90° α < 90°  α = 90°

Vo = E  Vo > E None of the mentioned

Vo = E  Vo > E None of the mentioned

 it is independent of all the
only on the type of load only on the firing angle parameters

remains zero for duration α Vm/R sinα at α, π+α, …  remains zero for duration π-α

π-α, α π+α, α π-α, 0°

fed to the inductor(L) and  absorbed by the L & E and fed to the L & E and dissipated at
absorbed by E dissipated at R R
fed to the inductor(L) and  absorbed by the L & E and  fed to the L & E and dissipated
absorbed by E dissipated at R at R

increases the THD improves CDF all of the mentioned

π α+π π-α

2 3 4

6 9 2

90 < α < 180  0 < α < 90 0 < α < 360

one thyristor is conducting from one thyristor is conducting from all 6 thyristors are conducting at
each group either of the groups a time

60° 180° 30°

α = 90°  α = 180° It can never be zero

60°
 90, 30
 three quadrant operation
two half converters in series
it has better pf
adding inductance to the circuit changing the firing angle value
three quadrant operation  
α1 + α2 = 360°
maintaining α1 + α2 = 180°
maintaining α1 + α2 = 180°
Circulating current exists only in the circulating and non-
non-circulating current mode
 Inductance in load circuit
across the load
Non-circulating current type is
faster in operation
from one converter to another
converter
(V1 + V2)/2
 it delivers both real and
reactive power to the supply
smooth-en the waveform of
circulating current
no current
 Both the converters are
operating as a rectifier
120°
120, 120
 four quadrant operation
 two full converters in anti-
parallel
no mechanical switch is
required to change the mode of its operating frequency is very
operation
two quadrant operation
α1 + α2 = 180°
operating only one converter
operating only one converter
Circulating current exists in both
circulating current mode
 Out of phase voltages from
both the converters
 between the converters
Both the types have the same
speed of operation
in the whole circuit
 V1 – V2
it delivers real power to the
supply
limit the circulating current
only circulating current
Converter 1 is operating as a
inverter and converter 2 as an
rectifier
0
 180, 180
none of the mentioned
two half converters in anti-
parallel
high
none of the mentioned
 none of the mentioned
none of the mentioned
adding an extra SCR
adding an extra SCR
none of the mentioned
none of the mentioned
no reactor is used in case of
circulating type dual converter
Circulating current improves
power factor
 none of the mentioned
2(V1 + V2)
it delivers reactive power to the
supply
increase the circulating current
 load current
Both the converters are
operating as an inverter
pulsating
 it delivers both real and
reactive power to the supply
Electric vehicles
continuous, discontinuous
V 0 = D V s
variable ac to variable dc
variable ac with variable
frequency is obtained
vacuum tubes
electric heating
control is achieved by adjusting control is achieved by adjusting
the firing angle of the devices the number of on off cycles
one SCR is anti parallel with one
diode
the instantaneous power
delivered to the load is
controlled
n/2π(m+n)
 input frequency
one stage voltage converter
induction heating
 vary progressively the firing
angle of the devices
 only inversion action takes
place
obtaining controlled dc power
supply
 Integral control
SMPS is smaller as compared to
rectifiers
constant  alternating
it delivers real power to the it delivers reactive power to the
supply supply
 Machine tools  Machine tools
 both continuous  bothdiscontinuous
V 0 = V s / D  V 0 = V s / ( 1 - D )
fixed ac to variable ac variable ac to fixed ac
variable dc with fixed frequency variable dc with variable
is obtained frequency is obtained
tap changing transformer induction machine
conveyor belt motion power transmission
control cannot be achieved
two SCRs in parallel two SCRs in anti parallel
the frequency of output voltage
is controlled none of the mentioned
m/π(m+n) n/π(m+n)
commutation system power factor
one stage frequency converter none of the mentioned
static VAr compensation all of the mentioned
8 6 none of the mentioned
8 6 none of the mentioned
keep the firing angle as 0° for all
the devices none of the mentioned
only converting action takes
place none of the mentioned
switch from one source to
storage of dc power another
Chopper  MOSFET
SMPS is a source of radio
SMPS has low input ripple interference
UPS MPS RCCB

Self excited DC generator Alternator Battery bank

only inverter both inverter and rectifier none of the mentioned
 Li-On Lead acid All of the mentioned

Decreases Increases None of the above

Decreases Remains the same None of the above

The output voltage may be less

The output voltage is always The output current is always than, or greater than the input
greater than the input voltage. greater than the input current voltage.
On - line transformer tap
changing Soft starting All of these

 Harmonic distortion increases
and quality of input current
decreases
 Negative voltage at the gate
terminal
Harmonic distortion decreases Both harmonic distortion and
and quality of input current quality of input current
increases decreases
 Either (a) or (b) None of these

Frequency changer from higher Frequency changer from lower

to lower frequency with two- to higher frequency with one-
stage conversion stage conversion  Either a or c

Forced commutation in both

step-up and step-down Forced commutation in step-up Forced commutation in step-
cycloconverter cycloconverter down cycloconverter
Increase in output voltage at decrease in output voltage at decrease in output voltage at
increased frequency reduced frequency increased frequency

6 12 18
Cycloconverter Inverter Bidirectional rectifier
Increase in output voltage at decrease in output voltage at decrease in output voltage at
increased frequency reduced frequency increased frequency

dependent on the load dependent only on L loads none of the mentioned

amplitude as well as the nature both amplitude and waveform

 waveform depends upon the of the waveform depends on are independent of the load
load impedance the load impedance

the amplitude of the output

the amplitude of the output voltage is independent of the
current dependents on the load load none of the mentioned

amplitude as well as the nature both amplitude and waveform

waveform depends upon the of the waveform depends on are independent of the load
load impedance the load impedance
L filter is used before the CSI C filter is used after the CSI (load C filter is used before the CSI
(input side) side) (input side)

the input ac current to dc the input dc current to amplified the input ac current to amplified
current at output dc current at the output ac current at the output

falls below the latching current rises above the holding current  rises above the latching current

only line commutation only natural commutation both line & natural commutation
voltage across the device
becomes positive gate current becomes zero anode current becomes zero

 load forced  external-pulse

load commutation forced commutation external-pulse commutation
external-pulse commutation
 load commutation technique forced commutation technique technique

high switching losses, high no forward voltage drop, no reverse recovery time, high
reverse voltage drop negligible reverse recovery time leakage current

2π π/2 π
Vo < Vs  Vo > Vs none of the mentioned
speed control of induction speed control of universal
machine motor none of the mentioned

SCRs, transistors Diodes, transistors SCRs, diodes

SCR  DIAC  TRAIC
Transistor  Both GTO and transistor  TRIAC
only inverter both inverter and rectifier  none of the mentioned
 p-n-p device p-metal-n device p-n single junction device
by a negative anode-cathode
by a negative gate pulse voltage  by removing the gate pulse
 internal impedance of the
device load Impedance gate circuit impedance
convection absorption none of the mentioned
high current size efficiency
 AC link DC link None of the mentioned

DC to AC DC to DC AC to AC
DC equivalent of an AC DC equivalent of an induction
transformer Diode rectifier motor
MOSFET GTO All of the mentioned
High speed semiconductor
AC to DC converter DC transformer switch
Ton/T T/Ton Toff x Ton
 firing angle reactor position extinction angle
0>α>-1 0<=α<=1  1<α<100

Toff/α α/Toff α/Ton

Vo = Vs x α Vo = Vs x α  Vo = 2Vs/απ

75 V 25 V none of the mentioned

 Vs/α Vs/(1-α) Vs/√2

 480 V 560 V 120 V

Vo = ∞ Vo = Vs Vo > Vs
Vo = ∞ Vo = Vs Vo > Vs

b) Vs/α c) √α x Vs d) Vs/2

150 μs 50 μs Insufficient data

decreases remains the same none of the mentioned

decreases remains the same none of the mentioned

Vo < Vs Vo > Vs None of the mentioned
Vo < Vs Vo > Vs None of the mentioned
Vo < Vs Vo > Vs None of the mentioned
Vs x (I1 + I2) Vs x [ (I1 + I2)/2 ] x Ton  Vs x [ (I1 + I2)/2 ] x T

second-quadrant chopper third-quadrant chopper fourth-quadrant chopper

 firing angle supply frequency supply voltage magnitude
Ton  T  f

Ton Toff supply frequency

Ton  T Toff
Ton Toff Either Ton or Tof

 pulse width modulation current limit control constant frequency scheme

load current reaches the upper
limit load current falls to zero none of the mentioned

 the chopper is switched on  the source voltage is removed  load voltage goes to zero

 type B  type C  type D

dc power to ac power ac power to ac power ac power to dc power
 DC on the supply side and AC on
AC on both supply and load side DC on both supply and load side the load side
 the internal impedance of the the internal impedance of the the IGBTs are fired at 0 degrees.
DC source is very very high AC source is negligible

 two wire dc supply three wire ac supply  three wire dc supply

two three none of the mentioned

 Vs/2 and 0 Vs/2 and –Vs/2 Vs and –Vs

 a square wave a triangular wave constant dc

T/2 2/T insufficient data

 a square wave a triangular wave constant dc

 4 SCRs and 4 diodes 2 SCRs and 4 diodes  2 SCRs and 2 diodes

Vs to zero Vs/2 to zero  –Vs/2 to Vs/2

four SCRs are conducting two SCRs are conducting two diodes are conducting

Vo = Vs for 0 < t <T/2 Vo = Vs for T/2< t < T Vo = -Vs for T/2< t < 3T/2
load is resistive source voltage is below 150 V none of the mentioned
only voltage depends on the only current depends on the none of the mentioned
load impedance load impedance

contribution of each harmonic to

temperature sensitivity  waveform distortion the total output
any commutation technique can
 forced self be used
force commutated VSI self commutated VSI none of the mentioned

 a precharged capacitor  an overdamped RLC load  a very high frequency ac source
4 6 8

will depend on the value of the

60° 90° firing angle
capacitor is connected in capacitor is connected in
parallel to the load side parallel to the supply side none of the mentioned
2 3 4
 3Vs/2  2Vs/3 3Vs

 2Vs/3
Vs 3Vs
 4 6 8

3 4 none of the mentioned

120° 360° none of the mentioned

 Answer Marks Unit No
B 1
C
A

B
C
A
C
B
D
A
B
C
B
D

D
A

A
B
C
C
A
B
A
C
A
D
B
A
B
A
D
C
B
D
B
A
C
C
C
A

D
C
D
A
B
A
C
A

B
B
D
D
B
D
A
C
D

B
A
B
B

B
A

B
D

C
B

A
B
B

A
C
B

C
B

C
C
B

B
B

D
A

B
C

B
B
B

C
A

B
D

C
C

C
C

C
C
D

D
B

C
B

C
D

B
C

C
B

C
C
C

D
B

C
B

A
C

D
B

B
D
C
C
A

C
B
B

B
C

B
D

D
B
A
C

B
C
B

A
C
A
B
C

A
A

B
A
B
D

C
B
B
A

A
C

B
A

C
B

A
C

B
B

B
B

C
C
C

B
C

B
Subjective
Objective