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Thermal Imaging and its Applications

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Priyanka Goswami
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Published on Dec 12, 2014

Presentation on Thermal Imaging and recent developments and applications of

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Published in: Technology

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 Thermal Imaging and its Applications

1. 1. THERMAL IMAGING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
2. 2. THERMAL IMAGING Thermal image of steam locomotive
3. 3. INTRODUCTION • Thermal imaging is the technique of using the heat given off
by an object to produce an image of it or to locate it • First developed for military
purposes in the late 1950s and 1960s by Texas Instruments, Hughes Aircraft and
Honeywell • In recent times it is being used in firefighting, law enforcement,
industrial applications, security, transportation, medical and many other
industries
4. 4. IMAGE PROCESSING • Image processing is any form of signal processing for
which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame and the output
may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the
image
5. 5. COLORS For science communication, the two main color spaces are RGB and
CMYK. RGB • An additive color model in which red, green, and blue are added
together in various ways to reproduce array of colors • White is the "additive"
combination of all primary colored lights CMYK • Subtractive color model CMYK
refers to the four inks used in color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key
(black) • CMYK model is called subtractive because inks "subtract" brightness
from white
6. 6. COLORS
7. 7. THERMAL IMAGING • It is the technique of using the heat given off by an
object to produce an image of it . • Works in environments without any ambient
light and can penetrate obscurants such as smoke, fog and haze. • Normally grey
scale in nature: black objects are cold, white objects are hot and the depth of
grey indicates variations between the two. • Some thermal cameras, however,
add color to images to help users identify objects at different temperatures.
8. 8. THERMAL IMAGING Cup filled with hot liquid
9. 9. WORKING OF THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERA
10. 10. INFRARED IMAGE • Infrared imaging is a type of imaging that utilizes light
above the wavelength of the visual spectrum • Active infrared sends out a beam
of infrared light and gathers the reflected waves to form a picture on a screen or
pair of glasses. • IR film is sensitive to infrared (IR) radiation in the 250°C to
500°C range THERMAL IMAGE • Thermal Imaging is a type of imaging that
determines an image based on the absolute temperature of the subject. The
image is formed based on the heat signature of object • Thermal devices record
the current signatures of the devices based on their heat pattern and do not
need a beam like active IR devices • Range of thermal imager is approximately
−50°C to over 2,000°C
11. 11. TYPES OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS COOLED THERMAL IMAGER • Cooled
detectors are typically contained in a vacuum-sealed case and cryogenically
cooled • Cooling is necessary for the operation of the semiconductor materials
used else they would be blinded by their own radiation • Cooled infrared cameras
provide superior image quality • Bulky and expensive to produce and run •
Cooling is power-hungry and time-consuming hence the camera needs time to
cool down before it can begin working again UN-COOLED THERMAL IMAGER • Un-
cooled detectors use a sensor operating at ambient temperature, or a sensor
 stabilized at room temperature using control elements • Resolution and image
quality tend to be lower than cooled detectors • Smaller and less costly to
produce and run • Fast operation and consumes less power
12. 12. ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL IMAGING • Non-invasive and non-destructive
hence can be used to survey whilst the plant and equipment is running, in
production and on load • Produces fast, accurate and immediate temperature
measurement and helps in fault detection • Cameras are easy to install and
surveys can be performed at a convenient time • Is capable of catching moving
targets in real time and in low light conditions • Can be used to measure or
observe subjects in areas inaccessible or hazardous for other methods • Can help
in identifying air leakages, documenting irregular heat dispersion and identifying
possible irregularities in insulation • Cameras can passively see all objects,
regardless of ambient light
13. 13. APPLICATIONS • Condition monitoring • Building envelope inspections and
energy losses in buildings • Thermal mapping • Digital infrared thermal imaging
in health care • Archaeological kite aerial thermography • Veterinary Thermal
Imaging • Night vision • UAV Surveillance • Research • Process control •
Nondestructive testing • Surveillance in security, law enforcement and defense •
Chemical imaging • Volcanology
14. 14. THERMAL IMAGING IN BORDER SECURITY • Due to their ability to detect man
sized targets at extremely long distances ,in total darkness and in extreme
weather conditions thermal imaging cameras are extremely suited for border
surveillance. • Generally, cooled cameras are used in border security applications
as they provide a longer range performance than un-cooled detector • If the
terrain is e.g. mountainous and does not permit seeing over a distance of 20
kilometers, un-cooled thermal imaging cameras can be used for border security
as well • Thermal imaging cameras can be integrated with radar systems
15. 15. THERMAL IMAGING IN BORDER SECURITY
16. 16. SECURITY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS • With a thermal imager,
an officer can stop and scan the property at a distance, identifying any person
present there. • Perimeter surveillance is another application in which thermal
imaging can be used to dramatically improve results and reduce the time
committed to a particular operation. • Thermal imaging cameras are also used in
search and rescue operations as officers may be able to search up to 1,500 feet
in any direction.
17. 17. SECURITY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS Thermal image of a
parking area in which a person is trying to hide behind a car Thermal image
taken during a search and rescue operation
18. 18. NIGHT VISION • Thermal imaging cameras are excellent tools for night vision.
• They detect thermal radiation and do not need a source of illumination. • They
produce an image in the darkest of nights and can see through light fog, rain and
smoke. • Thermal imaging cameras are widely used to complement new or
existing security networks, and for night vision on aircraft, where they are
commonly referred to as "FLIR" (for "forward-looking infrared".)
19. 19. APPLICATION IN MEDICINE • Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) is a
diagnostic technique that is non-invasive and involves no exposure to radiation •
The main areas in which this technique is used are: o Early detection of breast
cancer o Monitoring changes in overall health o Monitoring healing processes o
Disease and Virus Monitoring o Fever Screening (i.e. H1N1, SARS) • The different
types of screening procedures used are: o Full Body Screening o Screening a
particular region to identify and monitor localized conditions such as thyroid o
Mass Screening, in areas such as airports, to monitor the potential spread of
 viruses such as H1N1 (Swine Flu) by identifying fever symptoms in specific
individuals
20. 20. APPLICATION IN MEDICINE Thermal image of inflammation in legs caused due
to injury
21. 21. APPLICATION IN MEDICINE An officer monitoring a thermal scanner as
passengers arrive at the airport to detect fever during the swine flu outbreak
22. 22. APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY Potential use of thermal
imaging in agriculture and food industry includes: • Predicting water stress in
crops • Planning irrigation scheduling • Disease and pathogen detection in plants
• Predicting fruit yield • Evaluating the maturing of fruits • Bruise detection in
fruits and vegetables • Detection of foreign bodies in food material •
Temperature distribution during cooking
23. 23. APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY A thermal image used
to locate under-cooked chicken tender so that they can be removed Thermal
image showing milk bottles that may be over filled or under filled
24. 24. APPLICATIONS IN BUILDINGS DIAGONISTICS • Thermal cameras show exactly
where the problems are quickly and help detecting energy waste, moisture and
electrical issues in buildings • Thermal imaging is used for maintenance of
electrical, mechanical, and structural systems, to detect problems, prevent
downtime, guide corrective action, and increase work safety • Using thermal
imagers it's easy to scan an entire building to detect building envelope, and
plumbing issues, presence of moisture in building envelopes, either from leakage
or condensation and water damage
25. 25. APPLICATIONS IN BUILDINGS DIAGONISTICS Thermal scan of a house showing
water leak in the ceiling. Thermal image of a house
26. 26. APPLICATION IN CONDITION MONITORING • A simple portable infrared
thermal camera is used by the consultant to scan the surface conditions and
obtain a picture on the LCD screen. • Using simple navigation features built into
the camera, it is then possible to identify the thermal profile and abnormal hot or
cold spots. • Based on the information about average temperatures, design
parameters, visual observations, etc the present condition of those machineries
can be determined and corrective actions can be taken.
27. 27. EVALUATION OF SOLAR PANELS • With a thermal imaging camera, potential
problem areas of solar panels can be detected and repaired before actual
problems or failures occur • Anomalies on panels can clearly be seen on thermal
image and thermal cameras can be used to scan installed solar panels during
normal operation. • Un-cooled thermal imaging cameras used for solar panel
quality controls before installation and for maintenance after the panel has been
installed. Red spots indicate modules that are hotter indicating faulty circuit
28. 28. APPLICATION IN VOLCANOLOGY • Thermal imaging cameras are the ideal tool
for the detection and analysis of volcanic heat patterns • Thermal imaging
cameras are used to measure and map active lava flows and to detect new
cracks where hot gases escape • Understanding the mechanics behind volcanic
incidents will help to improve volcanic warning systems which will in turn help to
save lives
29. 29. APPLICATION IN WEATHER FORECASTING • Satellites mounted with thermal
imaging cameras are being used to determine weather patterns on earth. • They
are used to track dangerous weather conditions, raining patterns, heat waves
and solar activity. • Thermal imaging helps in making accurate weather forecasts
revealing a range of information like the formation and swirling motion of clouds,
 sea surface temperature, moisture profile of the atmosphere and the movement
of smoke plumes from wildfires. Thermal image of the Sahara desert
30. 30. LIMITATIONS OF THERMAL IMAGING • Quality cameras are expensive (often
US$ 3,000 or more), cheaper are only 40x40 up to 120x120 pixels • Images can
be difficult to interpret accurately when based upon certain objects, specifically
objects with erratic temperatures • Accurate temperature measurements are
hindered by differing emissivities and reflections from other surfaces • Most
cameras have ±2% accuracy or worse in measurement of temperature and are
not as accurate as contact methods • Only able to directly detect surface
temperatures • Thermal imaging cameras cannot be used to see objects under
water • Because thermal energy can be reflected off shiny surfaces, thermal
imaging cameras cannot see through glass • Also thermal imaging cameras
cannot see through walls
31. 31. REFRENCES • www.flir.com • www.google.com • www.ndt.net •
www.thermology.com • www.noaanews.noaa.gov • www.coxcamera.com •
www.nbcnews.com • www.bullard.com • environment.nationalgeographic.com •
www.ttsa.com • www.decentenergy.com • En.wikipaedia.org •
www.physicsforum.com • Ieeexplorer.ieee.org • www.pr-infrared.com