20/04/2020 ALL YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COARSE AGGREGATE (GRAVEL) -LCETED

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ALL YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COARSE AGGREGATE

(GRAVEL) (https://www.lceted.com/2020/04/all-you-want-to-
know-about-coarse.html)
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (https://www.lceted.com/search/label/CONSTRUCTION%20MATERIALS),
THINGS CIVIL ENGINEER SHOULD KNOW
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ALL YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COARSE

AGGREGATE (GRAVEL) AS CIVIL ENGINEER

STONE AGGREGATE
“Coarse aggregate” or stone aggregate  means which is broken
from rocks using explosives & crushed into pieces using
machines & coarse aggregate sizes
6mm,12mm,20mm,40mm,60mm

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.
LCETED TRIVIA

• Typically the most common size of aggregate used in construction is

20mm. A larger size, 40mm, is more common in mass concrete.

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• Larger aggregate diameters reduce the quantity of cement and water

needed

A)   PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE

1) Crushing Strength: The crushing strength of the stone,  as a  rule

should be more than the grade of concrete in which it is to be used. It
is therefore of great importance for high strength concretes. While
deciding to obtain stone aggregate from a particular quarry, this has to
be ascertained and subsequently checked that material is being
supplied from the same quarry.

2) Abrasion Resistance:   The stone particles on rubbing with each

other or some outside environment should not degrade and is
measured by Abrasion resistance of aggregate. It should not be more
than 30% for wearing surfaces and 50% for other structures.

3) Shape Of Particles: Crushed stone aggregate should be angular, 

cubic shape and not flaky or elongated. A cubic shape has all the 3
dimensions length, width and height same, and crushed stone should
be as close to this as possible. A particle having the ratio of one of the
dimensions less than 0.6 times or more than 1.8 times of the nominal
size of aggregate is termed as flaky or elongated and such particles
give comparatively less strength and less durability, keeping other
things same. The shape of particles not only depends on the crusher
jaws but also on the quality of rock.

 .
LCETED TRIVIA
A) Angular aggregates are used for the development of high strength
because of -

1. The higher cement demand for a particular W/C ratio (due to

increased quantity of water required for lubrication compared to
rounded aggregates)
2. Efficient interlocking between the aggregates (which leads to better
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bond development)

B) Whereas flat-surfaced particles like the flaky & elongated ones,

having a larger specific surface area makes very poor concrete. Water
demand & cement requirement for a given strength is very high for
such particles. Presence of such particles is usually avoided in good
concrete.

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4) Water Absorption: The water absorption,  when stone aggregate is

kept soaked in water for 24 hours should not exceed 2% by weight.

5) Soundness Of Aggregate: A stone aggregate is said to be unsound

when it undergoes excessive changes in volume with increase or
decrease of temperature. This is mostly of importance in areas where
freezing and thawing can produce such changes.

6) Alkali Aggregate Reaction: In some of the aggregate the alkali

present in the cement reacts with the stone constituents. Such
reactions will cause harmful expansion of aggregate and result in an
expansion of concrete causing crack. This is therefore not considered
proper to use such aggregate. Dolomitic limestones, and a few other
known stones and can be avoided in the concrete. In India however,
this type of aggregates are found in very few locations and should not
be used.

All the above properties have to be ascertained at the time of selecting

a particular source or quarry. At the time of execution of work, the site
Engineer is to merely ensure that the source is not changed and carry
out some field tests.

B)   FIELD TESTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

i) The particles should be angular cubic shaped. Flaky and elongated

particles should be minimum.

ii) Absorption of water on being soaked for 24 hours should not be

more than 2% by weight.

iii) Size/grading should be as required.

LCETED INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

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