1.

INTRODUCTION

BADA is a mobile operating system being developed by Samsung Electronics. It is designed

to cover both high-end smartphones and lower-end feature phones. Samsung claims that bada
will rapidly replace its proprietary feature phone platform, converting feature phones to
smartphones. The name 'bada' is derived from the Korean word that means ocean or sea.

1.1. THE BIRTH OF BADA

Samsung announced the bada platform on 10 November 2009. After the launch, companies
such as Twitter, EA, Capcom, Gameloft, and Blockbuster showed their support for the bada
platform. After the announcement, Wave S8500 was first shown in Mobile World Congress
2010 in Spain in Feb 2010. At that time tens of applications running on the first bada phone
were demonstrated such as Asphalt 5 by Gameloft.

In May 2010 Samsung released a beta of their Software development kit (SDK) for bada to
attract developers. In addition, Samsung started the bada Developer Challenge with a total
prize of $2,700,000 (USD). In August 2010 Samsung released version 1.0 of the SDK.

The first bada-based phone was the Samsung Wave S8500, released on June 1, 2010 and
selling one million handsets in its first 4 weeks on the market.

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 1.2.History of bada

Samsung bada has long history. Almost 10 years of history. It has been Samsung’s
proprietary platform for a long time. During its long history, it has been deployed in many
successful handsets. For example, Samsung “Star” is an example of recent successful phones,
of which sales surpassed 10 million units, just six months after its release.

To make the proprietary platform smarter, we added exciting features such as multipoint-
touch, 3D graphics, an enhanced UI, and of course, application downloads and installation,
and so bada was born. Samsung bada is proven to be reliable with its history and also
enhanced with its new features.

Versions

The Samsung S8500 Wave was launched with version 1.0 of the bada operating system.
Soon after the launch, Samsung released version 1.0.2 with minor fixes for European users. It
will be available for the rest of the world in time. The latest version 1.2 is still unreleased. It
will be preloaded with the Samsung S8530 Wave II phone.

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2.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE bada

2.1.Architecture

The bada OS is constructed in four layers of gradual abstraction.

a. Kernel layer
b. Device layer
c. Service layer
d. Framework layer

Kernel Layer
Kernel configurable architecture, which allows the use of either proprietary Real-time
operating system (RTOS) kernel, or the Linux kernel.

Real Time OS

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real-
time application requests.

A key characteristic of an RTOS is the level of its consistency concerning the amount of time
it takes to accept and complete an application's task; the variability is jitter.A hard real-time
operating system has less jitter than a soft real-time operating system. The chief design goal
is not high throughput, but rather a guarantee of a soft or hard performance category. An
RTOS that can usually or generally meet a deadline is a soft real-time OS, but if it can meet a
deadline deterministically it is a hard real-time OS.

A real-time OS has an advanced algorithm for scheduling. Scheduler flexibility enables a

wider, computer-system orchestration of process priorities, but a real-time OS is more
frequently dedicated to a narrow set of applications. Key factors in a real-time OS are
minimal interrupt latency and minimal thread switching latency, but a real-time OS is valued
more for how quickly or how predictably it can respond than for the amount of work it can
perform in a given period of time.

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Linux Kernel
The Linux kernel is an operating system kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-like
operating systems. It is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source
software.

The Linux kernel is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2),
(plus some firmware images with various licenses), and is developed by contributors
worldwide. Day-to-day development takes place on the Linux kernel mailing list.

The Linux kernel was initially conceived and created by Finnish computer science
student.Linus Torvalds in 1991. Linux rapidly accumulated developers and users who
adopted code from other free software projects for use with the new operating system. The
Linux kernel has received contributions from thousands of programmers. Many Linux
distributions have been released based upon the Linux kernel.

which includes major features:

• WCDMA/HSUPA and EGPRS network support

• Bluetooth 1.2 and Wi-Fi support
• Digital audio support for mp3 and other formats
• Support for Linux and other third-party operating systems
• Qcamera up to 6.0 megapixels
• gpsOne – solution for GPS
• and lots of other

Device layer

1 :- Memory management

Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. In its simpler

forms, this involves providing ways to allocate portions of memory to programs at their
request, and freeing it for reuse when no longer needed.

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2 :- Security management

Security Management is a broad field of management related to asset management,

physical security and human resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an
organization's information assets and the development, documentation and implementation of
policies, standards, procedures and guidelines.

In network management it is the set of functions that protects telecommunications networks

and systems from unauthorized access by persons, acts, or influences and that includes many
subfunctions, such as creating, deleting, and controlling security services and mechanisms;
distributing security-relevant information; reporting security-relevant events; controlling the
distribution of cryptographic keying material; and authorizing subscriber access, rights, and
privileges.

3:- Event management

Event management involves studying the intricacies of the brand, identifying the target
audience, devising the event concept, planning the logistics and coordinating the technical
aspects before actually executing the modalities of the proposed event. Post-event analysis
and ensuring a return on investment have become significant drivers for the event industry.

4 :- Audio , Video & Multimedia management

It manage the audio , video and other multimedia of the system.

Service layer

The Service Layer provides more service-centric features such as Social Network Services
(SNS) , mapping , in-app-purchasing , and so on. To provide such features there is a so-
called bada Server.

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Framework layer
The Framework Layer, provides an Application Programming Interface in C++ for
application developers to use.bada provides various UI controls to developers: It provides
assorted basic UI controls such as Listbox, Color Picker, Tab, etc. In addition, it has a web
browser control based on the open-source WebKit, and also features Adobe Flash, supporting
Flash 9. Both WebKit and Flash can be embedded inside native bada applications. bada
offers interactive mapping with Point of interest (POI) features, which can also be embedded
inside native applications. It supports pinch-to-zoom, tabbed browsing, and cut, copy, and
paste. Native applications are developed in C++ with the bada SDK, and the Eclipse based
IDE. GNU based tool chains are used for building and debugging applications. The IDE also
contains UI Builder, with which developers can easily design the interface of their
applications by dragging and dropping UI controls into forms. For testing and debugging the,
IDE contains a simulator, where apps can be run.

2.2.DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS

Application Building Blocks

We can think of an bada application as a collection of components, of various kinds.

These components are for the most part quite loosely coupled, to the degree where you
can accurately describe them as a federation of components rather than a single cohesive
application.

Generally, these components all run in the same system process. It's possible (and quite
common) to create multiple threads within that process, and it's also possible to create
completely separate child processes if you need to. Such cases are pretty uncommon
though, because bada tries very hard to make processes transparent to your code.

The major building blocks are these:

• Activity
• Intent Receiver
• Service
• Content Provider

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Activity

User interface component, which corresponds to one screen at time. It means that
for the simple application like Address Book, the developer should have one
activity for displaying contacts, another activity component for displaying more
detailed information of chosen name and etc.

Intent Receiver

Wakes up a predefined action through the external event. For example,for the
application like Email Inbox, the developer should have intent receiver and
register his code through XML to wake up an alarm notification, when the user
receives email.

Service

A task, which is done in the background. It means that the user can start an
application from the activity window and keep the service work, while browsing
other applications. For instance, he can browse Google Maps application while
holding a call or listening music while browsing other applications.

Content Provider

A component, which allows sharing some of the data with other processes and
applications. It is the best way to communicate the applications between each
other.bada will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS
program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are
written using the C++ programming language.

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2.3.SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

The feedback on developing applications for the bada platform has been mixed.
Issues cited include bugs, lack of documentation, inadequate QA .

Software Development kit

It includes development and debugging tools, a set of libraries, a device emulator,

documentation, sample projects, tutorials, and FAQs.

A software development kit is typically a set of development tools that allows for the
creation of applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware
platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar
platform.

Native applications are developed in C++ with the bada SDK, and the Eclipse based
IDE. GNU based tool chains are used for building and debugging applications. The
IDE also contains UI Builder, with which developers can easily design the interface
of their applications by dragging and dropping UI controls into forms. For testing and
debugging the, IDE contains a simulator, where apps can be run.

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Characteristics of mobile software

Mobile software has a number of characteristics that make it very different to desktop or
web based software, the most important being:

1. Technological differences

2. Differences related to usability and user experiences

3. Differences in the ecosystem

Technological differences

Mobile handsets are getting steadily more powerful, with processor speeds of up to 1GHz,
memory of up to 512MB and flash memory of 16GB or more being common on many
devices. Advances in display technology have also enhanced the user experience. The first
bada-powered device, the Samsung Wave, is equipped with the Super AMOLED display
which delivers better contrast, more efficient energy consumption and less sunlight reflection
than older mobile displays.
As connections get faster, the services available to users have grown to include rich
multimedia streaming and games, while user confidence in increased connection security has
led to an explosion in mobile eCommerce and eTicketing apps.

But it’s the advances in positioning technologies that have led to the biggest revolution in
mobile apps. GPS is now standard even in low end devices and bada offers developers an
easy and powerful way to develop location aware apps through its APIs for location services.

Advances in hardware provide new development possibilities, such as the wide range of
sensors which can be exploited to improve the user experience. Some devices include
accelerometers, electronic compasses, tilt, light and temperature sensors and of course touch
sensitive displays. Users will find it natural to tilt their device to the side to enable landscape
mode or list a random set of restaurants by shaking the device. Sensors provide functionality
not available to fixed, desktop applications.
Developing for mobile devices also provides some challenges to those used to creating
desktop or web applications. Mobile hardware is improving rapidly, but devices are still not
as powerful or have as much storage as desktops or servers. While communications

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technology has become more reliable, a developer cannot assume an always on internet
connection. The way that the user interacts with a device is also different. A smaller screen,
touch screen or small keyboard input cannot offer the same experience as a proper keyboard
and mouse.

The most important, and often overlooked, difference in mobile compared to desktop
development is energy consumption and the dependence on the battery. Battery capacity on
devices has increased, but so have the range of technologies which consume a lot of energy:
GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G and multimedia support being prime examples. Some of the
currently successful devices do not even make it through the day without needing recharging
and battery life is a frequent user complaint.
Device manufacturers are doing their best to improve battery life, but software developers
have their part to play through careful use of resources. Because mobile phones typically run
for days or weeks or longer without being switched off, memory leaks, for instance, can
seriously compromise the phone's performance.

Differences related to usability and user experiences

New mobile technologies such as sensors and touch screens allow us to build better user
interfaces and to represent information in more user friendly and usable ways. In particular
Web 2.0 applications such as
Facebook and Twitter can all now be accessed easily by mobile users using web pages
designed for access on-the-go or by applications.

Users may be able to do more with their devices, but they are still confronted by a huge range
of different screen sizes, input methods and user interface ‘look and feel’ approaches that can
make using mobile applications a frustrating experience. Developers who follow user
interface guidelines, such as those provided by bada, will create easy to use, consistent
applications on a particular platform, but there are still many platforms available. Several
initiatives such as bada, the LiMo foundation, the Open Handset Alliance and the Symbian
Foundation show a trend towards open systems to facilitate harmonisation and the easing of
application development and deployment. However, mobile developers will have to deal with
the problem of incompatible platforms for some time to come.

Mobile applications are also used differently to their desktop equivalents. If you are mobile
and want to find information about what is showing at the local cinema, or a review of a
particular restaurant, you want to find that specific information quickly and don’t want to
spend time searching through information you don’t need. Your attention span for using the
application is limited, so you want to be presented with location specific information. You
might also be trying to find directions, or using the mobile in sunlight or somewhere with a
lot of background noise, all environmental factors that need to be considered.
The Samsung Wave device represents a very successful attempt of addressing such issues by
deploying the AMOLED screen, whose design goal among others was to be less susceptible
to sunlight reflections, or enriching the user interfaces with haptics and motion detection.
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Differences in the ecosystem

Users expect to be able to find and download the software they want using their device when
they’re on the move. Users should be served following a wish and use notion. When users
This simplified way of application distribution also has other advantages. Users can be sure
that applications will be independently tested and will comply with a certain quality standard
and will respect the integrity of the user’s data and won’t spend their money on phone and
data calls without asking.
A further positive side effect resulting from the app store initiatives is that costs all of a
sudden become much more transparent. Network operators recognised this trend and came
up with contract bundles with flat data rates or volume packages in order to encourage the
download of apps from stores. In the past, incomprehensible and non-transparent cost models
discouraged users from using mobile services or downloading mobile apps because they
feared exaggerated costs. With new all-inclusive wish to satisfy a current need they should be
able to get and use corresponding information or services as fast and simple as possible. They
want the purchasing and installation process to be simple, which is where a central one stop
shop such as the SamsungApps store comes in. Developers distribute their applications via
SamsungApps, one central location from which users of bada devices can purchase and
download apps and make in-app purchases. One side effect of this approach is that the
network operator no longer plays the ‘gatekeeper’ role to their devices, the user can freely
decide which apps to install.

The lifetime and the time to market of a mobile app are substantially shorter than traditional
software products and developers need to adapt. By having a central distribution system such
as SamsungApps, the developer can concentrate on creating and marketing their application
in the knowledge that the distribution, purchasing and revenue sharing model will be taken
care of by the SamsungApps store.
models, downloading apps and invoking mobile services has become a lot more user friendly
and thus accepted. From this, we conclude that the future of mobile apps ahead of us should
be quite promising.

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 Figure 1.1 The bada ecosystem

2.4. What makes bada special?

There are already many mobile platforms on the market today, including Symbian,
iPhone, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, Android, Java Mobile Edi-tion, Linux Mobile
(LiMo), and more.

While some of its features have appeared before, bada is the first environment that
combines:

• A truly open, free development platform based on Linux and open

source. Handset makers like it because they can use and customize the
platform without paying a royalty. Developers like it because they
know that the platform “has legs” and is not locked into any one
vendor that may go under or be acquired.

• A component-based architecture inspired by Internet mash-ups. Parts

of one application can be used in another in ways not originally
envisioned by the developer. You can even replace built-in
components with your own improved versions. This will unleash a
new round of creativity in the mobile space.

• Tons of built-in services out of the box. Location based services use
GPS or cell tower triangulation to let you customize the user
experience depending on where they are. A full-powered SQL
database lets you harness the power of local storage for occasionally
connected computing and synchronization. Browser and Map views
can be embedded directly in your applications. All these built-in
capabilities help to raise the bar on functionality while lowering your
development costs.

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• Automatic management of the application life cycle. Programs are
isolated from each other by multiple layers of security, which will
provide a level of system stability not seen before in smart phones.
The end user will no longer have to worry about what applications are
active, or close some programs so that others can run. bada is
optimized for low-power, low-memory devices in a fundamental way
that no previous platform has attempted.

• Brighter and less reflective than any other display available, SUPER
AMOLED provides you with unmatched luminescence and vivid eye-
catching colors.

• High quality graphics and sound. Smooth, anti-aliased 2D vector

graphics and animation inspired by Flash is melded with 3D
accelerated OpenGL graphics to enable new kinds of games and
business applications. Codecs for the most common industry standard
audio and video formats are built right in, including H.264 (AVC),
MP3, and AAC, WMV,DivX, XviD Video Editor.

• bada provides various UI controls to developers: It provides assorted

basic UI controls such as Listbox, Color Picker, Tab, etc. In addition,
it has a web browser control based on the open-source WebKit, and
also features Adobe Flash, supporting Flash 9. Both WebKit and Flash
can be embedded inside native bada applications. bada offers
interactive mapping with Point of interest (POI) features, which can
also be embedded inside native applications. It supports pinch-to-
zoom, tabbed browsing, and cut, copy, and paste.

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2.5.Advantages

• The external sensor API is not open-ended, preventing new types of sensors or
unexpected technology developments from being added in the future.

• bada applications cannot access the SMS/MMS inbox or receive incoming

SMS/MMS notifications.

• The bada application framework only allows one bada application to run at a time.
Multitasking applications is possible between the native applications, which comes on
phone system, and one bada application.

• Some people have speculated that the smartphone market is too crowded to accept a
new operating system.

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3.Vision of bada

The vision of bada is “Smartphone for Everyone”. bada’s main goal is not to compete with
other existing smartphone platforms. Instead, bada will turn Samsung’s conventional
customers into smartphone users by providing cost-effective smartphones. This means that
bada will open and extend a new smartphone market, which does not exist in the current
mobile market.

bada will create a new smartphone market, which will turn into a new blue ocean.

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4.REFERENCES

1. http://www.bada.com/ - bada Official Webpage

2. http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance
Webpage
3. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLite
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bada(operating_system)Architecture
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_(software)
8. http://www.google.com

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