504 THE MATHEMATICAL GAZETTE

102.41 Proof without Words:

sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinAsinBsinC
(where A + B + C = π )
A

2B
2C O
R R
2A

B C
For ABC, with circumcentre O and circumradius R,
1 2
2R sin 2A + 12 R2 sin 2B + 12 R2 sin 2C = area (ABC) = 1
2 ab sin C
a b
⇒ sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = · sin C = 4 sin A · sin B · sin C.
R R
10.1017/mag.2018.121 K. B. SUBRAMANIAM
135 ‘Ganait Ashram’, Fine Avenue Phase 1, Nayapura, Kolar,
Bhopal, 462046, India
e-mail: shunya_1950@yahoo.co.in

102.42 Proof without Words: An alternating geometrical

series
Here we propose a visual proof for the sum of an alternating
geometrical series,

∑ (− 2 )
∞ n
1 2
= .
n=0 3

1
2

1
1 1 −
2

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 NOTES 505

1 1
2 2
1
1
8
4
1 1 1 1 1
1 − + 1 − + −
2 4 2 4 8

1 1
2
2
1 1
8 1 8 1
16 32

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 − + − + 1 − + − + −
2 4 8 16 2 4 8 16 32

∑ (− 2 )
∞ n
1 1 1 1 2
= 1 − + − + …=
n= 0 2 4 8 3

10.1017/mag.2018.122 ÁNGEL PLAZA

University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
e-mail: angel.plaza@ulpgc.es

102.43 A comparative study of relative rates of change

To visualise the rate of change among different sizes of quantities, we
look at the relative rates of change. One common definition of relative rate
of change is
y2 − y1
t2 − t1
. (1)
y1

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