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NICE (SCEE)
Mix Design
Mix Proportioning
■ Mindess book
• Sec 10.1: Basic Consideration
• Sec 10.2: Fundamental of Mix Design
• Sec 10.3: ACI Method of Mix Design
Mix Design Example
Most design procedures are based primarily on achieving a specified compressive strength at
some given workability and age; it is assumed that if this is done, the other properties (except
perhaps resistance to freezing and thawing or other durability problems, such as resistance to
The material costs are most important in determining the relative costs of different
mixes.
The labor and equipment costs, except for special concretes, are generally
Since cement is more expensive than aggregate, it is clear that cement content
should be minimized.
■ Basic Considerations in Mix Design are Economy, Workability, and Strength & Durability
The good mix design must be capable of being placed and compacted, with minimal
Water requirements depend on the aggregate rather than the cement characteristics.
Workability should be improved by redesigning the mortar faction rather than simply
■ Basic Considerations in Mix Design are Economy, Workability, and Strength & Durability
In general, minimum compressive strength and a range of w/c ratios are specified
for a given concrete mix.
by trial Batches
Water/cement ratio (w/c ratio) theory states that for a given combination
of materials and as long as workable consistency is obtained, strength
of concrete at a given age depends on the w/c ratio.
The lower the w/c ratio, the higher the concrete strength.
workability.
needed for the specific design is chosen, the rest should be simple
trial mixes.
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Mix Design
(2) Choice of slump (Processibility suitable for mixing, transporting, and placing)
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Mix Design
(2) Choice of slump (or any other measure representing suitability for chosen processing technique)
- Considering job-site condition & process employed for placing concrete
Concrete to be consolidated
by vibration (normal process)
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Mix Design
The largest maximum aggregate size that will conform to the following limitations:
Maximum size should not be larger than 1/5 the minimum dimension of structural members,
1/3 the thickness of a slab, or 3/4 the clearance between reinforcing rods and forms. These
restrictions limit maximum aggregate size to 1.5 inches, except in mass applications.
Current thought suggests that a reduced maximum aggregate size for a given w/c ratio can
achieve higher strengths. Also, in many areas, the largest available sizes are 3/4 in. to 1 in.
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Mix Design
Approximate mixing water kg/m3 (lb/yd3) and air content for different
slumps and nominal maximum sizes of aggregates (see Table 10.2 on next
slide)
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Mix Design
■ Based on Durability
- Table 10.4 ~ Table 10.7
(see handouts of Mindess’ book)
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Mix Design
■ Cement Content
- C = W / (w/c)
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Mix Design
OD (oven-dry)
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Mix Design
1st estimate
weight of fresh concrete
exact calculation
weight of fresh concrete
Weight of fine aggregate The difference between total weight of fresh concrete and the weight
of other ingredients
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Mix Design
There are two standard methods to establish the fine aggregate content,
the mass or weight method (as discusses in previous slide) and the volume
method.
exact procedure
water, air, and coarse aggregate from the total concrete volume.
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Mix Design
Heating at 105℃ No moisture on surface No film of water All pores fully saturated
to constant weight Pores partially saturated on surface with film of water on surface
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Mix Design
the desired slump (but not exceeding the permissible w/c ratio).
The fresh concrete should be tested for slump, unit weight, yield,
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Mix Design
Practice Problems:
Mix-Design Example given in “Mindess”book (see handouts)
Exercise Problems 10.1 to 10.11 (see handouts)
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
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Mix Design
Practice Problems:
Mix-Design Example given in “Mindess”book (see
handouts or slides)
Exercise Problems 10.1 to 10.11 (see handouts)
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