NAME: UBA AMARACHI ALERO

MATRIC NO: 2018/7029

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: MEE 208

ELASTIC CONSTANTS
Review from previous chapter:

 Longitudinal strain (ratio of axial deformation to original length) Hence

 Lateral strain (strain at right angles to the direction of the applied load) Hence
(Where b is the breadth and d the depth)

Note: If longitudinal strain = tensile, then lateral strain = compressive and vice versa

 Poisson ratio, µ (The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain )

 Volumetric Strain : The ratio of volume to the original volume of a body( when
the body is subjected to a single force or system) also ( )

*Volumetric strain of a rectangular bar: subjected to three mutually perpendicular stresses is

given by: ( )( )

*Volumetric strain of a cylindrical rod is given by:

*Bulk modulus (K) is the ratio of direct stress to the corresponding volumetric strain of a given
material when the deformation is within a certain limit.
*Young’s modulus can be expressed in terms of Bulk modulus as:

( )

*Principle of complementary shear stresses: This states that a set of shear stresses across a
plane is always accompanied by a set of balancing shear stresses (i.e. of equal intensity) across
the plane and normal to it.

*Stresses on inclined sections when the element is subjected to simple shear stresses

Shear force on face CB, Q1 =

= acting along CB

(i) Shear force on face EB, Q2 =

= acting along EB

A force Pn is normal to the plane EC and a force Pt is tangential to the plane EC

(ii)
(for equilibrium, the net normal force should be
zero, i.e., ).

(iii)

(For equilibrium, the net force along the plane CE

should be zero, i.e., . (-ve sign because of the
opposite direction)

Normal stress (σn) = (θ ± for max. normal stress)

(iv) Tangential stress (σt)= (θ= 0° or 90° for max. tangential stress)

*Diagonal stresses produced by simple shear on a square box

Suppose a square box has faces AB, BC, CD and AD with a diagonal BD and another diagonal AC,
the stress on the diagonal plane AC (i.e. along diagonal BD) is tensile whereas the diagonal
plane BD (along diagonal AC) is compressive. Thus the set of shear stresses, τ, on the faces AB,
CD and the faces AD and CB are equivalent to a compressive stress, τ, along the diagonal AC and
a tensile stress, τ, along the diagonal BD.
*Direct (tensile and compressive) strains of the diagonals

 Tensile strain in diagonal BD due to tensile stress, τ, along BD=

 Tensile strain in diagonal BD due to compressive stress, τ, along AC=

 Total tensile strain along diagonal BD= ( )

 Total compressive strain in AC = ( )
 Total tensile strain in diagonal BD = (shear strain= )

*Relationship between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity where: E= Modulus of

elasticity, C= Modulus of rigidity and µ= Poisson’s ratio ( )
( )