TUGAS S2 MTM AJ “OPTIMASI TERMAL”

Pertemuan tgl 25 April 2020

Kelompok A melaksanakan: Soal 12.9

12.9. A wax concentrating plant (Fig. 12-12) receives feedstock with a low concentration of wax and
refines it into a product with a high concentration of wax. The selling prices of the products are x1, $8
per megagram and x2, $6 per megagram. The raw material costs are x3, $1.5 per megagram and x4,
$3 per megagram. The plant operates under the following constraints:

1. No more wax leaves the plant than enters.

2. The receiving facilities of the plant are limited to a total of 1600 Mg/h.

3. The packaging facilities can accommodate a maximum of 1200 Mg/h of x2 or 1000 Mgh of x1
and can switch one to the other with no loss of time.

If the operating cost of the plant is constant, use the simplex algorithm of linear programming to
determine the purchase and production plan that results in the maximum profit.

Ans.: Profit = $3650 per hour.

FIGURE 12-12
Wax concentration plant in Prob. 12.9

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Kelompok B melaksanakan: Soal 12.4.

12.4. In the manufacture of cement the basic operations are to grind limestone, mix with clay or
shale, and then heat the mixture in a rotary kiln, as shown in Fig. 12-10. A certain cement plant can
produce three ASTM types of cement:
Type I. Standard portland
Type II. Sulfate- and alkaline-resistant
Type III. High early strength

FIGURE 12-10
Cement plant in Prob. 12.4.

The profit of each type and the capabilities of the grinderand kiln in processing these cements are
shown in thetable.

Cement Profit, Grinder capacity, Kiln capacity

type per megagram Gg/day Gg/day
I $ 6 Coarse 10 8
II 10 Fine 5 4.8
III 9 Fine 5 6

The grinder capacity shown in the table of Gg/day for type I means, for example, that the grinder
could grind the limestone for 10 Gg of type I if it operated all day solely on limestone for type I. The
grinder and kiln operate 24 h/day and can switch from one cement type to another instantaneously.
The limestone storage space and mixer capacity are more than adequate for any rates that the
grinder and kiln will permit.

Use the simplex algorithm of linear programming to determine what daily production of the various
types of cement will result in maximum profit.

Ans.: Maximum daily profit = $51,000.

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Kelompok C melaksanakan: Soal 12.5.

12.5. Three materials A, B, and C of varying thicknesses are available for combining into a building, as
shown in Fig. 12-11. The characteristics and costs of the materials are
Thermal resistance, Load
units per bearing capacity, Cost per
Material centimeter thickness units/cm centimeter
A 30 7 $8
B 20 2 4
C 10 6 3

The total thermal resistance of the wall must be 120 or greater, and the total load-bearingcapacity
must be 42 or greater. The minimum-cost wall is sought.

A B C
x1 cm x2 cm x3 cm

FIGURE 12-11
Composite wall in Prob. 12.5.
(a) Set up the objective function and constraints.
(b) Use the simplex algorithm of linear programming to determine the optimal thicknesses
of each material.
Ans.: $30 minimum cost.

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Kelompok D melaksanakan: Soal 12.6.

12.6. The optimization of the combined gas and steam-turbine plant in Prob. 7.4 resulted in a linear
objective function and three linear constraints. Use the simplex algorithm to determine the optimal
value of q1 and q2. To simplify mathematical manipulation, use the following equations instead of
those in Prob. 7.4:
Objective function: q = q1 + q2
Subject to q1 + 1.2q2  28MW
q1 + 0.4q2  19MW
q1 + 1.7q2  32MW
Ans.: Optimal q = 25.75 MW.
NOTE:
7.4. An optimum shell-and-tube heat exchanger, as shown in Fig.-6 has a UA value of 1500 kW/K
and has a Cure drop of the tube fluid of 300 kPa. Application equations are
A  0.2 NL
V  5M / N
1 / U  0.08  1 / h  0.08  1 /  0.4V 
 
N  D 2 / 4 / 160  0.005D 2
where: N = number of tubes.
M = number of tube passes.
A = heat transfer area in m2.
V = velocity in m/s.
U = overall heat-transfer coeffient in kW/(m2·K)
h = convection coefficient on the tube side in kW/(m2K).
D = shell diameter in m.
L = tube length in m.
The pressure drop of tube fluid per unit length of tube, kPa/m, is 0.1V 2. The optimum heat
exchanger is one of least cost that meets the other requirements, and the cost is a function of L
and D. Develop the constraint(s) in terms of L and D.

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FIGURE – 6:
Shell-and tube heat exchanger in Prob.-4