ORTHOGRAPHIC MAPPING /d/ When we come across

a word in text, we take

When learning to read, a person first learns letters in orthographic
and their sounds. Next, they learn how to decode
words, or use their stored knowledge of sounds to
/ō/ (written), phonological
(sound) and semantic
determine what a printed word says (text to (meaning) info about
brain).The next step for readers is to develop their the word. These pieces
skills with orthographic mapping, which has to do of info allow us to
with their “sight vocabulary,” or the words they can automatically
recognize as soon as they’re seen. To do this, readers recognize the word
use their knowledge of letter sounds to map those and point us to the
sounds to the letters they see on the page (brain to
text). The whole process is akin to the way factories
/n/ exact location (“shelf”)
in our lexicons, or our
work. First, parts (letters and sounds) are made to be
brain’s dictionaries,
used later in products (words). Next, parts (sounds)
(“warehouse”) from
are stored on shelves (in the phonological lexicon) for

/t/ which to retrieve it.

later retrieval. Finally, the parts (sounds) are sent
down a conveyor belt (through the brain) to be put
together to make recognizable products (words).

Orthographic
LEVEL 1: mapping happens
VERY fast! Imagine
Letters and a robot being pre-

/ch/
Sounds programmed to
automatically
know what word is
LEVEL 2:
/ō/
coming next. It

/k/
How Do We Develop Orthographic Mapping might even have
Phonic
Skills? sounds for the next
Decoding
Teachers have known how to teach phonics (Level word waiting and
2) for years, but orthographic mapping (Level 3) is ready to be
LEVEL 3: relatively new. It requires advanced phonological mapped, or “on
skills, including phoneme (sound) awareness, deck,” like these
Orthographic knowledge of letter-sound correspondences, and sounds here! Can
Mapping the ability to manipulate sounds. Practices like Sources:
Kilpatrick, D. (2015). Essentials of assessing, preventing, and you guess this
“Push-n-Say” where students physically move overcoming reading difficulties. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/4-tips-to-ensure-a- word?
letters around to make new words are key! successful-warehouse-robotics-implementation/