CADASTRAL

SURVEYING I
SUG 160

DEPARTMENT OF GEOMATIC SCIENCE

FACULTY OF ARCHITECHTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING
UiTM PERLIS
 2
Terminology in
Cadastral Surveying
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, students should be
able:
• To explain the terminology in cadastral
survey system.
• To explain the eCadastre concept.
 Background
COMPUTERIZATION

 Started on 1985
 Computer Assisted Land Survey System (CALS)
 CALS Johor in 1985
 CALS Pahang in 1990
 Mini CALS for other States in 1995
 Purpose:
 To provide Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB or
PDUK)
 To supplied digital data to land office,
 To make higher and increase on production of title
survey and cadastre map.
Background..

 Three main components in

computerization on cadastral section:
 Sistem Pengurusan Data Kadaster
(SPDK);
 Sistem Automation Pejabat Daerah
(SAPD); and
 Sistem Total Station (STS).
Background..
SPDK
 Started on 1997;
 To produced Digital Cadastral
Database (DCDB) and online
purchase of digital data;

SAPD
 Performed on 2000;
 SAPD –upgraded on October 2002;
 Covered 29 District Office;
Including data migration in present
system.
Background..
SAPD…
 To improve and expedite survey
data collection and processing;
 To enhance/seamless integration
between three system (SPDK, STS
and SAPD);
 To synchronize the implementation
of Field-to-Finish (F2F) concept in
open standard format;
 To utilize ICT in providing effective
office administration in monitoring
of staff, work load, cost and work
progress at district offices;
Background..
STS
 Implemented in 1993;
 Purchased a total of 155 units Total
Station instruments for the purpose of
implementing Field-to-Finish (F2F) survey
concepts in 2002;
 Purchased can only support a portion of
the 256 survey teams which are existed
at all the District Survey Offices;
 Second phase of the Total Station
purchasing which consists of 70 units of
Total Station and 120 units of Field
Communicator (FC) is done to serve the
objective to assure all the survey teams.
 FIELD-TO-FINISH
(DISTRICT OFFICES ABD FIELD WORK)
4

Online data transfer of

Field Computation data
from State JUPEM District Surveyor distribute
survey job to Field Officers
Determination of survey
locality with TeleGPS

SAPD STS
Field Survey

District Surveyor
validate data from Pocket PC
Validated data uploaded Field Communicator
field
online into State JUPEM
Field Officer processed and
upload data into SAPD
 eCADASTRE
eCadaste is a system that utilize ICT technology,
GIS and current surveying is aim to expedite and
to stabilize in delivery of cadastre survey system
through effective integration system. It involving
reshuffle from conventional measurement works
process Bowditch and Transit to Survey Accurate
Coordinate through Pelarasan Ganda Dua terkecil
and established National Digital Cadastre
Database(NDCDB) and Strata Survey Data Base /
Stratum / Marine (PDUSSM).

MALAYSIA 9TH DEVELOPMENT PLAN

eCADASTRE PROJECT
 eCADASTRE…
OBJECTIVE

Expedite the delivery system for land title

survey from 2 years to 2 months;
Creation of the National Digital Cadastral
Database (NDCDB);
Creation of the Strata/Stratum/Marine
Database;
Provide infrastructure and GIS-ready
information; and
Embark on GNSS satellite technology
(GPS) in cadastral survey.
 eCADASTRE : CONCEPTUAL WORKFLOW
TITLE SURVEY
LAND OFFICES STATE JUPEM
Hardcopy
Requisition of
Survey (RS)
3

• KOMMS Server
1 • Registration of file
• Updated ePU
• Scanning related documents RTK Net
Database
Licensed Land • Generate ePU
• CRM Squad
Surveyors • Updated CSRS 4 determine Cadstral
• Registration of file
(LS) • Import PU ASCII
Control point
• Generate ePU 2 JUPEM2U
Internet
Digital RS

• Updating 5
Temp NDCDB

10 7
• Determine lot boundary
6 • Field data capturing
• Generating JUPEM ASCII
9 • Data validation

• CS digisign Temp • Validation Server • SUM Server

Posting B1 Tiff NDCDB • Detail checking • LSA validation
(Digital Title Plan) • Updating NDCDB • To accept/reject • Preliminary checking
to Land Offices • Generate B1 Tiff •To accept/reject
 NDCDB
Background of DCDB

 Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) contains

all information obtained from cadastral survey
jobs related to boundaries of land parcels.
 The existing DCDB, which covers the entire
country, was developed from historical survey
data (conversion from hardcopy Certified
Plans to digital) as well as from current
survey jobs.
 Coordinates in the DCDB were obtained from
several means and contain varying,
unpredictable, and un-quantified errors.
Background of DCDB……

 Uncertainties of surveyed values are

typical, but errors are more common in
some rural areas.
 To be able to support a modern cadastral
system, an accurate positional record of
the cadastre is imperative. The existing
DCDB was not designed for this
purpose.
Background of DCDB……

ERROR PROPAGATION
Error propagation on coordinates in digital cadastral database

2nd Class 1:4,000 Cadastral Survey

N ± 50 cm
E ± 50 cm

2 km

HOW ACCURATE (N,E) AT

THIS BOUNDARY POINT IN THE
PRESENT DCDB?
Background of DCDB……

Graphical Coordinate Error

Results in non-uniqueness of coordinates of the
same boundary point
 Background of DCDB……

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CADASTRAL COORDINATES

RIGID Homogenous and Systematically

COORDINATE Adjusted

PLOTTING For cadastral map plotting purposes

COORDINATE

SYSTEM System/Software generated coordinate

COORDINATE based on features location

Rigid Coordinate Plotting Coordinate System Coordinate

Background of DCDB……

System value

Surveyed
value
 Background of DCDB……

OLD AND NEW GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE:

GEODETIC TRIANGULATION GPS BASED REFERENCE SYSTEM
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

6.50
G058
G071
G028
G035 G023
G029

G047
G031
G030
6.00 G057
G040 G054
G044
G003
G025 G032
G033
G077

G042

G059
G027 G069
5.50 G076
G019
G021 G013
G050
G017
G063 G048
G026
G060

G072 G016
G053 G008

G022
5.00
G024

G034
G067
G037 G005

4.50

G004

4.00
G041 G007

G001 G075
G074
G070
G061

3.50 G073
G009
G036

G011
G015

3.00 G052
G055G065
G068 G038 G039
G020

G066 G012

G010
2.50
G051

G046

G014
2.00
G049

G002

G062
G043
1.50 G084 G045
G056
P075
G018
G064

P4

1.00
99.00 99.50 100.00 100.50 101.00 101.50 102.00 102.50 103.00 103.50 104.00
 Background of DCDB……
Non Rigorous Adjustment Technique for
Coordinates Computation

Bowditch Least Squares

GPS

GPS

Least Squares adjustment

Bowditch adjustment distributes
technique determine a unique set
closing errors linearly but not
of coordinates for each boundary
able to provide a unique
mark from a set of observed
coordinates solution.
values (bearings & distances).
 NDCDB
CADASTRAL CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURE (CCI) EMPLOYING
WHOLE TO THE PART CONCEPT AND GPS TECHNOLOGY

Primary Grid
Secondary Grid
State of Johor
CCI Point
 What is NDCDB?
NDCDB is National digital cadastral database
that organized and produce by DSMM consists of
digital cadastral surveying information based on
GDM 2000 datum for Peninsular Malaysia and all
wilayah Persekutuan in Malaysia.

Information of cadastral surveying – e.g. bearing,

distance, lot no., CP no., area, coordinates system,
land owner name, others information relating to
cadastral surveying.

It is upgrade database from DCDB (2002) to

NDCDB (2009).

(DCDB – state origin, NDCDB – National or

GDM2000)
 NDCDB
THE ADJUSTMENT :
FORMATION OF
CCDB CADASTRAL NETWORK
RE-COORDINATION
USING AN
Data Connection AUTOMATED
Data
Integrity Line Adjustment
Selection DATA CONVERSION
Check File
SYSTEM (ADCS)

DCDB
Quality
Transformation
Control

Temp
NDCDB

Editing

SURVEY ACCURATE
DIGITAL CADASTRAL
DATABASE (NDCDB) NDCDB
 azimuth
"azimuth" mean line direction measured based on
horizon angle from direction true north follow
clockwise

bearing
"bearing" mean line direction measured based on
horizon angle from direction grid north follow
clockwise;
Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)
"Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)“ mean a
Cadastral Reference Mark station based on
GDM2000 coordinate that adopted for purpose of
data adjustment cadastral survey.
 Malaysian Real Time Kinematic
Network (MyRTKnet)
Network (MyRTKnet)” mean one infrastructure
system that formed by network reference stations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and
control centre that maintained by JUPEM to
generate position information in field in real time or
by processing post.

Beginning 2002, JUPEM has established a network

known as the Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS
Network or MyRTKnet that uses a new generation of
RTK solution known as Virtual Reference Station
(VRS). MyRTKnet is based on a network of GPS
reference stations continuously connected via tele-
communication network to the control centre,
situated at JUPEM headquarters in Kuala Lumpur
 GDM 2000

The Geocentric Datum of Malaysia or

GDM2000 is the new national geodetic
datum for Malaysia

replaces the old datum of MRT48 and

BT68.

It was officially launched nationwide on 26

August 2003.

All coordinates will centralize to earth

centre (0,0)