Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide and sound
limit monitoring in Industrial Level on Perspective
of Bangladesh Using Real Time Control System
Abstract— This paper shows a study of atmospheric analysis at
different factories in Bangladesh. The development of
atmospheric condition is emerging as an important issue to
keep up with progressing technology. Recently many teams are
monitoring the atmosphere for arising consciousness. Here, An
Arduino based real time control system with gas & noise
sensors and Nuclear Radiation detector have been developed to
collect the data in various industries. The implementation of a
device display board which is flexible and displays a detected
value and storage in flash memory. The control of sensor is
based on an ATMEGA 328 microcontroller.
The system then was operational at cement factories to
measure the co2(μg/m3), co(μg/m3), noise (dB) and dust (μg/m3)
and compared to international standard requirements to
understand whether the factories are providing healthier
environment for people. This system may be use in various
scientific projects in future, e.g. environmental monitoring
applications, micro-incubator applications, wireless sensor
modes for data-intensive applications, poultry farming,
deferent EIA and Nuclear Radiation detector.
Keywords— Noise and Air Pollution, Industrial Level,
Cement Factory, Gas Sensors, Radiation Sensor.
I. INTRODUCTION
Our life depends solely on nature, the more we are
polluting nature the more we are risking our existence. The
effects of air pollution is evident globally and movements for
clean air is becoming dominant day by day. Premature
mortality in booming countries like China and India is mostly
because of the air pollution in those countries. Scientists
suggest carbonaceous particles are more lethal than any other
particles i.e. crustal material, nitrates or sulfates [1]. A model
developed to estimate premature mortality suggested that
around 3.15 million people were victims of air pollution
globally with China at top and Bangladesh in fifth position
[2]. In a recent study it was found that most prefectures in
China has Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) greater than
10µg/m3 which violates the air quality guideline of the
World Health Organization (WHO) [3]. On the other hand,
WHO suggested that more than 2 million people per year are
dying due to the air pollution in urban areas and many more
are suffering from prolonged respiratory illness [4]. Despite
the emission control measures implemented in industrialized
countries to minimize air pollution, emissions of pollutants
have either stabilized or increased due to the increased
growth of activities in particular of countries with emerging
economies [5]. Now it is high time to monitor the air quality
and effects of these emission processes on climates and
global weather [6]. Quality of air is generally observed by
different monitoring systems, in [7] an air quality monitoring
system that is proposed based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451
Standards. However, current trends are giving more focus on
low cost, scalable monitoring systems and such an example
are the low cost air quality monitors used in Nairobi quite
recently [8].
The Global Carbon Budget for the year 2017 estimated
that global CO2 emissions will be distributed among coal (40
%), oil (34 %), gas (19 %), cement (5.6 %), and gas flaring
(0.7 %) [9]. For every 1 kg of cement produced, nearly 900
gm of CO2 gas is being emitted by the cement industry. A
study to find air pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2
in a cement plant, Chandrapur, Maharashtra was performed
and due to the use of improved technology the average
concentration valueswere below the permissible limits [10].
In recent times to reduce and even eliminate the production
and release of air pollutants (particularly CO2), green cement
are being manufactured in India [11]. An investigation on the
sources of coarse particles in the air of Dhaka City attributed
to road dust, motor vehicle and cement from construction
[12]. The risks in working in or residing around cement
factory was depicted thoroughly in [13], they suggested that
all the cement industries should be monitored to maintain the
air quality. Bangladesh being a developing country is
currently going through industrialization process and it was
found that environmental Kuznets curve exists between CO2
emissions and industrialization in Bangladesh [14]. This
works are suggesting that air pollutants in Bangladesh are
properly measured and needed to be taken to control the
pollution while sustaining the industrial growth. Although
people in Bangladesh are becoming more aware of
environment however pollution prevention initiatives are
considerably low for the case of tannery, pulp & paper,
fertilizer, textile and cement industries [15]. Current noise level in Dhaka city are estimated ranging from 60 to
development projects in Bangladesh have given a big thrust 100 decibels. If the daytime emission level exceeds 65 dB, a
to the construction sector, resulting in higher production and strong positive correlation is found towards cardiovascular
consumption of steel and cement. A number of flyover and risk. However, for industrial purpose the standard industrial
other construction projects are currently ongoing throughout noise level is 85 dB according to Department of Environment
the Metropolitan cities of the country. Bangladesh with its 34 (DoE), Bangladesh [22].
commercial level cement production companies is marginally
self-sufficient in fulfilling local demand for cement; now it is III. METHODOLOGY
the demand of time to make these cement industries more
In this setup, Arduino Uno was used as the heart of the
environment friendly and profitable by adopting modern
technology [16-17]. system where different sensors are connected namely CO2
sensor, CO sensor, Nuclear Radiation sensor and different
II. CO, NOISE AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Gas sensors. Connected as analog input, the Arduino code
was written for each sensor to process the values into
After the 2nd World War, the production of cement
quantifiable data. After being processed, the output was
accelerated rapidly worldwide, with current levels of global
shown real time in LCD display. The system was then
production equivalent to more than half a tonne per person
brought into difference cement factories and data was
per year. Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide to the
gathered in different places of the factory to find out the
atmosphere come from three main sources: (i) oxidation of
overall scenario.
fossil fuels, (ii) deforestation and other land-use changes, and
(iii) carbonate decomposition [18]. A. Hardware Architecture
In this section, details of the sensors, programs and
CO2 emissions results primarily from two factors of cement hardware used to develop the data acquisition system have
production. The firstly, main component of cement,clinker, is been provided.
produced as carbonates (largely CaCO3, found in limestone)
are decomposed into oxides (largely lime, CaO) and CO2 by
the addition of heat. These emissions (E) can be calculated as
follows:
The combustion of fossil fuels is the second source of
emissions to generate the significant energy required to heat
the raw ingredients to well over and these “energy”
emissions, including those from purchased electricity, could
add a further 60% on top of the process emissions (IEA,
2016).

The Ambient Air Quality Standards (AQS) in Bangladesh are

Figure- 1: External structure of MQ7 CO2 Gas sensor.
as follows, the final three categories (unhealthy, very
unhealthy, and extremely unhealthy) are adequately
informative of the risks. However, it is strongly
recommended that The currently approved AQI scheme in
terms of the health effect descriptors and associated AQI
values is presented 0 – 100(GOOD), 101-150(MODERATE),
151–200(UNHEALTHY), 201–300(VERY UNHEALTHY),
301 – 500( EXTREMELY UNHEALTHY).

Bangladesh Department of Environment with support from

World Bank implemented “Air Quality Management Project
(AQMP)” during 2000-2007. This standard Parts per million
(ppm) for CO is 10 mg/m3 (9 ppm) [19]. In this project we
focus our work on PPM. If such guideline is not maintained
and subjects are exposed to CO and Dust for considerable Figure- 2: Internal structure of MQ7 CO2 Gas sensor.
amount of time, it will lead to respiratory disorder and Here, Fig.1 and Fig.2 shows the structure of CO2 gas sensor.
cardio-vascular issues, skin and many other health issues
[20]. Another form of pollution caused by cement factories is
dust. Dust always has been one of the main factors of human
health issues. Particular Matter (PM) which is 10 micron or
less is (PM10<=10) is considered to be the most fatal to
human health as it goes deep inside the lungs and causes
serious cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. According to
WHO, guideline values of PM2.5 is around 10 μg/m3 annual
mean and 25 μg/m3 24-hour mean [21]. Industries, motorized
vehicles, construction works and indiscriminate and use of
loudspeaker are main sources of noise pollution. At present
Figure- 3: External structure of MG811 CO Gas sensor.
 Figure- 4: Internal structure of MG811 CO Gas sensor.

Here, Fig.3 and Fig.4 shows the structure of CO gas sensor.

B. Controller system design

Figure- 6: Flow Chart of the proposed project.

Figure- 5: Controller system diagram.

The Fig. 5 shows the controller system which is used in

this project. The microcontroller with an external oscillator of
16MHz has really excellent capabilities of switching and
transmitting command. The ratings of the power supply are
12V and 2A currents for operating. Arduino is programmed
according to the flowchart diagram shown in Fig. 6. And it
controls allthe sensors and reads the data in the LCD display.

Figure- 7: Block Diagram of the proposed project.

Here, Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of the project.

C. Data Acquisition and Experimental Setup
Fig. 8 shows the developed the portable real time control
system. In the factory, located next to Shitalakkha River, the
system was operational in four different places for adequate
amount of time to collect data (Fig. 9). Four places are
marked as North, South, East and West according to the
Figure.
 Figure- 8: Proposed project.

Figure- 10: Plot showing CO level vs. Time at north side of the company.

Figure- 9: Mapping of the factory.

IV. RESULT & CALCULATION

The output of this project is shown here. The CO and CO2
level is measured in terms of μg/m3. And noise is measured
in term of dB.
Table- I: Parameters in Cement industry. Figure- 11: Plot showing CO level vs. Time at south side of the company.
Location CO CO2 Remarks
μg/m3 μg/m3
North side (near 136 469 Industry was
boundary) running
South side (near 123 561 condition
boundary)
East side (near 119 584
boundary)
West side (near 140 455
boundary)

Table- I shows the different parameters of cement industry.

Table- II: Ambient Noise Quality Analysis.
Figure- 12: Plot showing CO level vs. Time at east side of the company.
Location Date Time Sound Remarks
Level in
dB
North side (near 20 12.36 62.2 Industry
boundary) Dec pm was
South side (near 2018 12.31 65.5 running
boundary) pm condition
East side (near 12.39 63.1
boundary) pm
West side (near 12.44 58.7
boundary) pm

Here, Table- II shows the noise analysis of the cement

industry. For better understanding, we plot the CO level for
every side of the factory with time. Figure- 13: Plot showing CO level vs. Time at west side of the company.
At present, by comparing all the data with Bangladesh
Standards (Bangladesh standard 75 dB for industrial area), it [13] Schuhmacher, Marta, Jose L. Domingo, and JosepaGarreta.
"Pollutants emitted by a cement plant: health risks for the population
is very clear that there would be no sound pollution created living in the neighborhood." Environmental research 95, no. 2 (2004):
by the plant. We also measured the parameters outside 198-206.
Cement Plant in Dhaka- Sylhet highway and found that PM [14] Shahbaz, Muhammad, Gazi Salah Uddin, Ijaz Ur Rehman, and Kashif
2.5 was 80.4, PM 10 was 97.2, SPM 340, CO 177 μg/m3, Imran. "Industrialization, electricity consumption and CO2 emissions
CO2 445 μg/m3. It is to be mentioned here that sound level in Bangladesh." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31
(2014): 575-586.
was measured by CEM Sound level meter CEM DT-805, PM
[15] Hoque, Asadul, and Amelia Clarke. "Greening of industries in
were measured by Arduino Meter (Air Quality Monitor, CO, Bangladesh: pollution prevention practices." Journal of Cleaner
CO2). Production 51 (2013): 47-56.
[16] The Daily Star, The highs and lows of the construction sector: a
V. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK report, September 17, 2017.
The result of industrial analysis of co2 (μg/m3), co(μg/m3), [17] Saniul Islam, Cement Industry Overview in Bangladesh. SCRIBD,
2013.
and sound level monitoring of a specific cement factory in
[18] Robbie M. Andrew „Global CO2 emissions from cement production,
Bangladesh of Cement factory is environmentally acceptable. 1928–2017‟ Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2213–2239, 2018.
However, no industrial development can be expected without [19] World Health Organization (WHO), Air quality guidelines for
any adverse impact on environment. The beneficial impacts particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Global
on the nation as well as human beings would only be update- Summary of risk assessment, 2005. Available at-
meaningful and sustainable development would only be http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/69477/1/WHO_SDE_PHE_O
EH_06.02_eng.pdf [Accessed in 2017]
possible if the adverse effects are minimized through strict
[20] A.S. Goudie, Desert dust and human health disorders, Environment
maintenance and control measures as adopted and further international, pp.101-113, 2014.
suggested for this project. As a future work, the rest of the [21] World Health Organization (WHO), Ambient, outdoor, air quality and
sensors could be made operational and the experiment should health, Fact Sheet (Media Centre), September 2016. Available at-
take place at different premises in Bangladesh. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/ [Accessed in
2017]
[22] Ising, H. and Kruppa, Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the
literature from the past 25 years. Noise and Health, 6(22), p.5, 2004.
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