Page1of1

Sy
stemat
icpr
ocedur
eforQual
i
tat
iveAnal
ysi
sofOr
gani
cCompounds
S.
N Exper
iment Obser
vat
ion I
nfer
ence
o
I
.Pr
eli
minar
yTest
1. Col
ourandAppear
ancei
s Col
our
lessl
i
qui
d Presenceofal dehydeket one
not
ed phenol orester .
Whi
tesol
i
d Presenceofaci d,ami deani l
ideor
carbohy drate
Yell
owl i
qui
d Presenceofar omat i
cami ne
Yell
owl i
qui
d/sol
id Presenceofni tr
ocompound
Darkbrownliqui
d/sol
i
d Presenceofphenol
2. Odour Frui
tyodour Presenceofest er
Smelloft
hesubst
ancei
s Carboli
codour Presenceofphenol
not
ed Fi
shyodour Presenceofar omat i
cami ne
Kerosenesmell Presenceofhy drocar bonwi th
halogenat tachedt othebenzene
nucleus
Pungentsmel
l Presenceofar omat i
chy dr ocarbon
withhalogenat t
achedi nt heside
chain
3. Li
tmust
est Bl
ueli
tmustur
nstored Presenceofaci dicfunct i
onal
Ali
ttl
eofthesubstanceis grouplikecar boxy l
i
caci dor
di
ssolvedi
nwat erorhot phenol
waterandtest
edwi ththe Redl
it
musturnstobl
ue. Presenceofbasi cfunct ional group
l
it
muspaper. l
ikeami ne.
Nocol
ourchangewit
h Presenceofneut ralfunct ional
l
it
mus groupsl ikealdehyde, ketone,
sugar,ami deorani l
ide
4. Sol
ubi
l
ityi
ncol
dwat
er sol
ubl e Presenceofl oweraci ds, diamide
Toalit
tl
eofthesubst
ance orcarbohy drate
2mlofcoldwat sadded Sol
eri ubleongent
leheati
ng Presenceofaci dorest er
andshakenwell
. Sparingl
ysol
ubl
eev enon Presenceofal dehyde, ket one,
heati
ng aromaticami ne,amide, ani li
de
phenol ornitrocompounds
5. Sol
ubi
l
ityi
nNaHCO3sol
n Briskefferv
escence Presenceofcar boxy l
icaci d
Al i
ttl
eoft hesubstancei s
dissolvedinhotwat erand Nobr iskeffervescence Absenceofcar
boxy
li
caci
d
mi xed wi t
h 1ml of
saturated sodi um
bicarbonate
6. Solubil
ityi
nNaOHsol uti
on Di ssolvesandget s Presenceofcar
boxyl
i
caci
dor
Toal it
tleofthesubstance r egeneratedwi thcon.HCL phenol
1mlofsodi um hydr oxide Ammoni agasev ol
veson Presenceofamide
soluti
on i s added and heat ing.
shakenwel l Dissolveswi t
ht he Presenceofnit
rocompoundor
format i
onofy ellow carboxyl
i
caldehyde.
precipit
ateandt hecolour
i
sr emov edbyaddi ng
con.HCL
Nochar acteri
st i
cchange Presenceofket
one,amine,
hydrocar
bonoraromati
chalogen
compounds.
7. Sol
ubi
l
ityi
ncon.
HCL sol
ubl
e Presenceofamine
 Page2of2

Toal it
tl
eofthesubstance Compoundi ssparingl
y Absenceofami
ne
1mlofcon. HCLi sadded soluble.
and mi xed with 1mlof
water
8. Ac t
ionofcon.H2SO4 Char
swi t
hbur ntsugar Pr
esenceofcar
bohy
drat
e
Toal it
tl
eofthesubstance smell
.
1ml of con. H2SO4 i s Vi
gorousreaction Presenceofpolyhy
dri
cal
cohol
or
addedandheat edinadr y polyhydr
icphenol
testtube.

S.
N Exper
iment Obser
vat
ion I
nfer
ence
o
9. Neut
ral
FeCl
3test Vi
oletbl
ueorgr
eensol
uti
on Pr
esenceofphenol
A l it
tl
e of t he subst ance i
s
dissolvedi nrecti
fiedspir
itanda Nocharact
eri
sti
ccol
our
ed Absenceofphenol
few dr ops of neut ral fer
ri
c sol
uti
on
chlori
desol ut
ion
10. Ac t
ionofsodal i
me: Ammoni agasevol
ves. Pr
esenceofamide.
Inadr yt esttubeal i
tt
leofthe Oilydropsatthewall
ofthe Pr
esenceofani
l
ide.
substancei st aken,apinchsoda testtube
l
imei saddedandheat ed. Kerosenesmel l
. Presenceofaci d
Car bol
icsmell
. Presenceofphenol ic
acidorester.
Nochar
act
eri
sti
cchange Absenceofami de
anil
ide,aci
d,phenol and
ester.
11. Tol
l
en’
stest
: Sil
vermi r
rororablack Presenceofal dehydeor
To a l it
tl
e oft he subst ance an precipi
tat
e. areducingsugar .
equalamountofTol len’sAandB Nosi lv
ermirrororablack Absenceofal dehyde
solutionar eaddedheat edov era precipi
tat
e. andr educi
ngsugar .
wat erbathf or5-
10mi nutes.
12. Borche’sTest : Yell
oworor angeprecipit
ate. Presenceofal
dehy
deor
Al i
t t
leofsubst ancei sdi ssol
ved ketone
i
n1mlofr ectif
iedspr itand4- 5
Noy ell
oworor ange Absenceofal
dehy
de
drops of Bor sche’sr eagent is
precipi
tat
e andketone
addedandmi xedwel l
13. Phe nolphthalei
ntest: Disappearanceofpinkcolour Pr
esenceofest
er
To1mlofNaOH sol utionadr op produced.
of phenol phthalei
n i s added.
Nodi sappearanceofpink Absenceofest
er
Addi t
ionoft hesubst ancei sdone
colour
fol
lowedbywar ming.
I
I.Testf
orsat
urat
ed/
unsat
urat
ednat
ure
14. Br
2/H2Ot
est
: Nodecolouri
zati
onof Sat
urat
edcompound
Toal it
t l
eoft hesubstanceafew brominewater
dropsofbr ominewat eri
sadded Decolour
izat
ionwit
ht he Presenceofphenol
or
andshakenwel l.(
Ift
hesubst
ance formati
onofaprecipit
ate ar
omat icamine
i
sl eastsol ubleinwat erdo t
he Decolour
izat
ionofbromine Unsaturat
edcompound
foll
owingt est)
15. Br2/CCl4test: Decolour
izat
ionofbromine Unsaturat
edcompound
Toal it
t l
eoft hesubstanceafew Decolour
izat
ionwit
ht he Presenceofphenol
or
dropsofbr ominewat eri
sadded formati
onofaprecipit
ate aromaticamine
adshakenwel l. Nodecolouri
zati
onof Saturat
edcompound.
bromine
16. Al
kal
i
neKMnO4t
est Decolour
izat
ionofpinkcolour Presenceofunsaturat
ed
Toali
tt
leoft
hesubst
ance1mlof oreasil
yoxidizabl
e
al
kal
i
ne KMnO4 (dil
. KMnO4 + functi
onalgroup
 Page3of3

Na2CO3 sol
ution)i
s added and Nodecol
our
izat
ionofpi
nk Absenceofunsat urat
ed
heatedgent
ly. col
our oreasil
yoxidizabl
e
funct
ional
gr oup
I
II
.Testf
oral
i
phat
ic/
aromat
icnat
ure
17. I
gni
ti
ont
est
Alit
t l
eoft hesubst ancei staken Bur nswi t
hsootyf l
ame. Ar
omat
iccompound.
i
n a cl ean ni ckelspat ula and
i
gnitedinnon- l
umi nousflame Nosoot yflame Al
i
phat
iccompound
18. Nit
rationtest Yell
owsol uti
onorpr eci
pit
ate Ar
omati
ccompound
To al i
tt
leoft hesubst ance1: 1 Noy el
lowsol ut
ionor Al
i
phat
iccompound
mixture of con. HNO3 and pr eci
pitat
e
con.H2SO4 i s added and heat ed
overawat erbat hfor10mi nutes.
The hotsol uti
on is pour ed i
nto
50ml ofwat ertakeni nabeaker .
I
V.Testf
orel
ement
spr
esent(
Lassai
gne’
stest
)
Preparati
onofsodi um fusi onext ract
Asmal lpi eceofdr ysodi um met alistakeni nadrytubeandheat ed.Tot hi
smol tensodium al i
tt
leof
thesubst ancei sintroducedandheat edst r
ongl
yt il
lthebot tom oft ubet ur
nsr edhot.I tist hen
plungedi nto10mldi sti
l
ledwat ert akeni nacl eanchi nadish.Thef usiont ubeisbr okenandgr ound
wel l
.Thecont entsar eboi ledwel l,fi
lt
er edandt hef i
lt
rateiscol l
ected.Thi sext r
acti scal
ledsodi um
fusionext ract.Thisisdi videdi nto3por t
ionsandusedt odet ectthepr esenceofel ementsl ikeN,S
andhal ogens.
19. Te stforni t
rogen( Pr ussianbl uet est) Abl ueorgr eensol ution Pr esenceofni t
rogen
Toapor ti
onoft heex t
ractanequal
volumeofsat uratedsol utionoff errous
sulphat ei sadded,boi led,cool edand
Nobl ueorgr eensol uti
on Absenceofni tr
ogen
acidi f
iedwi thcon. HClbyaddi ngdr op
wiseandshakenwel l
.
20. Te stforSul phur(Ni troprussi det est) Av iol
etsol ution Presenceofsul phur
To anot herpor ti
onoft heext ractan Nov i
oletsolut i
on Absenceofsul phur
equal v olume of f reshl y pr epar ed
sodi um ni t
roprussi de sol ution i s
added.
21. Te stforhal ogens( Si l
verhal i
det est) Acur dywhi t
epr ecipi t
ate Pr esenceofchl oride
The t hir
d por ti
on oft he ext racti s solubleinNH4OH
boi l
ed wi th an excess ofcon. HNO3. Apal ey el
lowpr ecipitate Pr esenceofbr omi ne
Aftercool i
ng t he cont ent s AgNO3 i s spar i
nglysolubl ein
addedi ndrops. NH4OH
Ay ell
owpr ecipitat
e Presenceofiodi ne
solubleinNH4OH
Nochar acteri
stic Absenceofhal ogens
precipit
ate
V.TE STSFORFUNCTI ONALGROUP
Testf
orcar
boxy
li
caci
d:
22. Est
eri
fi
cat
ionofaci
d: Fruit
yodourduet ot he Presenceofcar
boxy
li
c
Alit
tleofthesubst anceisdissolvedi
n formationofester. acid.
2mlofr ecti
fiedspr i
t.Tot his2mlof
con.H2SO4 isaddedandheat edgenty Nof
l rui
tyodour Absenceofcar
boxy
li
c
forfew mi nut es.Thishotmi xturei
s aci
d.
pouredint oNa2CO3sol ut
iontakenina
beaker.
23. Phenolphthaleintest: Appear anceofpink Presenceofcar
boxy
li
c
Alit
tleofthesubst anceisdissolvedi
n colouraftert
headdi ti
on acid.
1ml of hot wat er. A dr op of ofdil.NaOHsolut i
on.
 Page4of4

phenolphthal ein i s added t o t he Nopinkcolour Absenceofcar

boxy
li
c
sol
ution f oll
owed byt he addi ti
on of aci
d
di
l.
NaOHsol utiondropwi se.
24. Fl
uor esceint est: Yell
owsolutionwit
h Presenceof
Alit
tleoft hesubst ancei smi xedwith greenfl
uorescence di
carboxyl
icaci
d
an equalamountofr esor ci
noland Nof l
uor
escence Absenceofdicar
boxy
li
c
added 2dr ops of con. H2SO4. This acid.
mixturei sheat ed foraf ew minutes
and pour ed i nt
o wat er cont aini
ng
NaOHsol utionwi thsti
rr
ing.
Testf
orest
er:
25. Phenol
pht
hal
eint
est
: Disappearanceofpi nk Pr
esenceofest
er
To 1mlofNaOH sol uti
on a drop of colourproduced.
phenolphthal
einisadded.Addi ti
onof Nodi sappearanceofpink Absenceofest
er
the substance is done fol
lowed by col our
war ming.
26. Hy drol
ysi
sofester Awhi teprecipi
tatedueto Pr
esenceofest
er
A l i
ttl
e of the substance i
s gentlyt heformationoft he
war med with sl
i
ghtexcess of10 % cor respondingacid
NaOH sol uti
onforf ew minutes.Itis Nowhi teprecipit
ate Absenceofest
er
thencooledandacidifi
edwithcon.HCl
Test
sforal
dehy
deandket
ones
27. Pheny
lhy
drazi
net
est Yell
owpr eci
pit
ate Presenceofaldehydeor
Alitt
leoft hesubst ancei smixedwi
th ketone
1mlofet hanoland 1mlofpheny l NoYel l
owprecipi
tat
e Absenceofaldehyde
hydrazine.heatf or10mi nut
esinwat
er andketone
bath.
28. Schiff
’stest(
aldehy
desonl
y) PinkorRedsoluti
on Presenceofal dehy deor
Alitt
leoft hesubst anceismixedwel
l ketone
with5ml ofSchi ff’
sr eagent NoPi nkorRedsolut
ion Absenceofal dehy de
andketone
29. Fehli
ng’stest(Aliphat
ical
dehy
desonl
y ) AredCu2Opr ecipi
tate Presenceofal dehy de
AnequalamountofFehl ing’ssol uti
ons contai
ningalpha
AandBi smi xedwel l
.Tot hismi xt
urea hydrogen
l
itt
le ofthe subst ance i sadded and Nor edCu2Opr ecipi
tat
e Absenceofal dehy de
heated ov er a wat er bath f or 10 contai
ningalpha
minutes hydrogen
30. Legal’
stest(ketonesonly) RedorOrangesol uti
on Pr esenceofket one
Al i
tt
leoft hesubst ancei smi xedwel l changesi
nt oblue
withaf ew dr ops of sodi um ni tr
o RedorOr angesol uti
on Pr esenceof
prussi
de sol ution and 1mlofNaOH changesi nt oblue acetophenone
solut
ion.To t he abov e sol ution few
dropsofgl acialacet icacidi sadded Nochar acteri
sticchange Absenceofket one
andmi xedwel l
.

Test
sforPhenol
31. Pht
hal
i
canhy
dri
det
est
Alit
tleoft hesubstanceismixedwel l Pi
nksol
uti
on Presenceofmonohy
dri
c
wit
h An equalamount of Pht hal
i
c phenol
anhydride.2drops ofcon.H2SO4 i s
addedandheat edfor2-3minutes.Thi
s Yell
owsolutionwith Presenceofdi
hydr
ic
hotsol uti
on i
spour ed i
nto abeaker greenfl
uorescence phenol
containing5mlofNaOH sol utionand Nocharacterist
icchange Absenceofphenol
20ml ofwater.
32. Dyet est:
1mlofani li
neisdissol
vedin1mlof Or angedye Pr
esenceofphenol
 Page5of5

con.HClandcool edundert apwat er.A

pinchofdr yNaNO2i saddedandmi xed Scar letreddy e Presenceofnapt
hol
or
well.A sol ut
ion oft he subst ance is resorci
nol
.
dissol
v edinNaOH sol uti
oni saddedt o
themi xtureunderi ce-
coldcondi ti
on Nochar acteri
sticdye Absenceofphenol
s
33. Libermann’ stest
Al i
ttl
eoft hesubst anceismi xedwel l Ar edsolutionturni
ngto Pr
esenceofphenol
withapi nchofdr yNaNO2 andheat ed bl ueorgr eenont he
for5mi nutes.Aftercooli
ngt hemi xture, additi
onofal kali
5dr opofcon.H2SO4i scar efull
yadded. sol uti
on
Thepr oducti spour ed intot hebeaker
containing 20 mlofwat erand an Nochar acteri
stic Absenceofphenol
excessofNaOHsol ut
ionisthenadded r eaction
Test
sforcar
bohy
drat
es
34. Mol
i
sch’
stest For
mat i
onofadeep Presenceof
Al i
tt
leoft hesubstancei sdissolvedin vi
oletri
ngatthej
unct
ion carbohydr
ate
2mlofwat er.Af ewdr opsofal coholi
c Nov iol
etr
ingatt
he Absenceof
α-naptholar e added foll
owed byt he j
unction carbohydr
ate
additi
onofcon.H2SO4 downt hesi des
ofthet esttubesot hattheacidset tl
es
atthebot t
om asasepar atel
ay er.
35. Fehli
ng’st est Ar
edCu2Opr
eci
pit
ate Presenceofr
educi
ng
AnequalamountofFehl ing’
ssol uti
ons sugar
AandBi smi xedwel l
.Tot hi
smi x t
urea
l
it
t l
e oft he substance isadded and Nor
edCu2Opr
eci
pit
ate Absenceofr
educi
ng
heated ov er a wat er bat h f or 10 sugar
minutes
Testf
orami
ne
36. Scar
letdy
etest Ascarl
etreddye Presenceofar
omat
ic
Al i
ttleofthesubst anceisdissolvedin amine
1mlofcon.HClandcool edundert ap Noscarletr
eddye Absenceofaromat
ic
wat er.Api nchofdr yNaNO2 i sadded amine
and mi xed wel l. A soluti
on of β-
napt holisdi ssol
vedinNaOH sol ut
ion
i
saddedt ot heabov emixtureunderice
-coldcondition.
37. Ac yl
at i
ontest Format
ionofwhit
e Presenceofpr
imar
y
Tot helit
tl
eoft hesubstance1mlof cr y
stal
s amine
glacialacet i
caci d and f
ew dr opsof Nowhi t
ecryst
als Absenceofprimar
y
acet i
c anhy dri
de ar e added. The amine
solut i
onisheat edfor2-3mi nutesand
pour edinto20ml ofwaterinabeaker
Test
sforami
de/
Diami
de
38. Act
ionofNaOH NH3evolvesonr ef
luxi
ng Presenceofaromatic
Al i
tt
le oft he substance i
sr ef
luxed andawhi teprecipi
tate ami de
with10%NaOHsol ut
ion,aci
dif
iedwith for
msonaci dif
icat
ion
con.HClisadded. Nowhi t
epr eci
pitat
e Presenceofali
phati
c
amide
Noammoni agas Absenceofami de
evol
ves
39. Ureanit
ratetest Whiteprecipi
tate Presenceofdiamide(
li
ke
Alit
tl
eoft hesubstancei sdi
ssolvedin ur
ea)
1mlofwat erand1mlofcon. HNO3i s Nowhi t
epr eci
pitat
e Absenceofdiamide
addedmi xedwell
40. Ureaoxalatetest Whiteprecipi
tate Presenceofdiamide(
li
ke
Alit
tl
eoft hesubstancei sdi
ssolvedin ur
ea)
 Page6of6

1mlofwat erand 1 mlofsat urated Nowhi tepreci

pitat
e Absenceofdi
ami
de
soluti
onofoxal i
cacidisaddedmi xed
well
41. Biuret
et est Aviol
etorr eddish Pr
esenceofdi
ami
de
Al i
ttl
eoft hesubstancei sheatedf or sol
uti
on
few mi nutest i
lltheevolutionofNH3 Nov i
oletsolut
ion Absenceofdi
ami
de
ceasesandi scooled.Ther esi
duei s
shakenwi thwat erandadr opofCuSO4
soluti
on i s added f ol
l
owed by t he
additi
onofdi l.
NaOH solutiondropby
drop.

Test
sforani
l
ide
42. Sodal
i
met
est Appearanceofoily Pr
esenceofani
l
ide
Inadr yt esttubeal i
ttleofthesubst ancei s dr
opsont hewall
s
taken,api nchofsodal imei saddedand Nooi lydrops Absenceofani
l
ide
heat ed
43. Sc arletr eddy etest Ascarletreddye Pr
esenceofani
l
ide
Theoi l
ydr opscol lectedf r
om t heabovet est
aredi ssol v
edi n1mlofcon.HClandcool ed
undert apwat er.A pi nchofdr yNaNO2 i s
added and mi xed wel l.A sol uti
on ofβ-
napt holi s dissolved i n NaOH sol uti
on i s Noscar letreddy
e Absenceofani
l
ide
addedt ot heabov emi xtureunderi ce-cold
condi tion.
44. Bromi nat i
ont est
Al it
tleoft hesubst ancei sdissolv
edi n2ml Pal ey ell
ow Pr
esenceofani
l
ide
ofgl aci alacet i
c aci d.1 mlofbr omi ne pr
ecipit
ate
dissol vedi nacet icacidi saddedandshaken Nopal ey ell
ow
wel l. the cont enti spour ed into 10 mlof pr ecipit
ate Absenceofani
l
ide
wat er.

Testf
orni
tr
ocompound
45. Scar
letr
eddy
etest
:
Toal i
ttl
eoft hesubst ance,at ingr anulate
and 3mlconc. HClar eadded.I ti sheat ed Ascar l
etreddy e Presenceofnitro
gentlyand shaken wel l.The r esul ti
ng hot compound
sol
ut i
oni sf i
lteredandt hef i
ltrateiscol l
ect ed Nochar acterist
ic Absenceofnitro
anddi ssol v
edi n1mlofcon.HClandcool ed r eacti
on compound
undert apwat er.A pi nchofdr yNaNO2 i s
added and mi xed wel l.A sol uti
on ofβ-
naptholi s dissolv ed i n NaOH sol uti
on i s
addedt ot heabov emi xtureunderi ce-cold
condition.
46. Mul l
i
kanandBar ker’stest :
Alitt
leoft hesubst ancei sdissol vedi n2mlal cohol.Api nchofammoni um chlor
ideanda
catalyti
camountofzi ncchl oridear eaddedt ot heabov esol uti
onandheat edfor5mi nutes.I
t
i
sthenal lowedt ost andf oraf ewmi nutesandf ilt
ered.Thef il
tr
ateisdivi
dedintotwopor ti
ons
andt hef oll
owi ngt estsar ecar ri
edout .
a)Tol l
en’stest: Brightsil
vermi rrorof Pr esenceofnitr
o
Toonepor tion3mlofTol len’s sol utonA bl
i ackprecipitate compound.
and B ar e added and heat ed f or 5- 10 N ob r
ightsil
ve rmirror Absenceofnitro
minut es orblackpr ecipit
ate compound.

b)Fehl
i
ng’
sTest
: Redpr
eci
pit
ate Presenceofni
tr
o
Totheotherpor
ti
on,1mlofeachFehli
ng’s compound
sol
uti
onAandBar eaddedandheat
edf or Nor
edpr
eci
pit
ate Absenceofnit
ro
10minut
esoverawaterbat
h. compound
 Page7of7

S.
N Exper
iment Obser
vat
ion I
nfer
ence
o
Testf
orsul
phurcompounds
47. Al
cohol
i
cAgNO3t
est
: Ammoni
agas Presenceof
Al i
tt
leoft
hesubst
ancei
smixedwi t
h3ml evolv
es. sulphonami
deor
ofalcohol
i
c NaOH sol
uti
on and warmed thi
ourea
gentl
y. Noammoni
agas Absenceof
sulphonami
deand
thi
ourea

VI
.PREPARATI
ONOFDERI
VATI
VES
1.Car boxy l
icaci d
( a)Ani lideDer iv ativ e:Mi x1g.subst ancewi t
h5mlani l
ineinboi l
ingt estt ube.Adda
porcel ainbi t,fitwi t
hai rcondenserandheatf or30mi nut esi nasand- bat h.Pourhotmi xtur e
i
nt o50mldi l.HCl ,stirwel l
.Allow mi xt uret ost andf or10- 15mi nut es.Whi tepr ecipi t
at e
(anili
de)separ at esout .Fi l
t er,washwi thcol dwat er ,
r ecr yst all
isef rom al cohol .
(b)Br omoDer i
v at i
v e:Forar omat icaci d( likesal icylicaci dandci nnami caci d)br omo
derivat i
v ecanbepr epar ed.Mi xabout1g.subst ancewi th5mlBr 2ingl acialHOAcsl owl y,
wi t
hconst antst irri
ng,t il
ly ell
owcol ourdev el ops.Shakewel lfor10- 15mi nutespouri tinto
50 mlwat erwi th st irri
ng.Fi ltery ellow cr yst als wash wi th wat er ,r ecryst all
ise f rom
dil.
alcohol .
(c)Est erDer iv ativ e:0. 1g.subst ancewi th1mlofr ect i
fi
edspi ri
tand5dr opsof
con. H2SO4.Shakewel l andwar m gent ly.Pourt hehotmi xt urei nto10ml dil
.Na2CO3sol ut i
on.
Pleasantodour( duet ot hef ormat ionofanest er )i ndi cat esanor ganicaci d.
2.Est er s
Aci dder ivative:To10dr opsoft hesubst ance5mlof20%NaOHsol utioni sadded
andr efluxedf or30mi nut es.Thesol utioni scool edandcon. HCli saddedandcool edagai n.
Thewhi tepr eci pitateobt ai nedisf il
teredandr ecr yst allizedf rom hotwat er .
3.Phenol
A. Br omo- Deriv tive:t o10mloft hesubst ance,about30mlbr omi neingl acialacet ic
acidi saddedsl owl ywi thconst antst irringt illy ellow col ourdev el
ops.Thecont entsar e
shakenwel lf or15mi nut esandpour edi nt o50mlwat ert akeni nabeaker .They ellow
precipi tatei sf iltered, washedwi thwat erandr ecr y stal l
izedf rom di l.
alcohol .
B. Ni tro-Der ivat ive: 10dr opsoft hesubst ancei swar medgent lywi th2ml con. H2SO4.
Itist hencool edandcon. HNO3 i saddeddr opwi se.Themi xtur eisheat edf or10mi nut es
andpour edi nt o20mlwat er.They ellowsol idsar ef ilteredandr ecryst all
izedf rom boi l
ing
wat er.
4.Al dehy des&ket ones:
Pheny lhy dr azoneder ivative:To10dr opsoft hesubst ance, 2gpheny lhy dr azineand
4gsodi um acet at ein20mlwat erar eadded.1mlal coholi saddedt ogett hecl earsol ut i
on.
Themi xt urei sheat edf or20mi nutes.They ellow pr eci pitatesepar at edouti sf i
lteredand
recryst allizedf rom al cohol anddr i
ed.
5.Car bohy drat es.
Osazoneder i
v at i
v e:To2gofgl ucose, 2gpheny lhy drazi neand4gsodi um acet at ein
20mlwat erar eadded.1mlal coholi saddedt ogett hecl earsol ution.Themi xtur ei s
heat edf or20mi nutes.They ellow pr eci pitat esepar at edouti sfilt
er edandr ecr ystallized
from al cohol anddr i
ed.
6.Ami nes
A. Br omoDer ivat ive:To10mloft hesubst ance,about30mlbr omi nei ngl aci al
acet i
caci di saddedsl owl ywi t
hconst antst i
rringt il
ly ellowcol ourdev elops.Thecont ent s
areshakenwel lfor15mi nutesandpour edi nto50mlwat ert akeni nabeaker .They ellow
precipi tatei sf iltered, washedwi thwat erandr ecr y stal l
izedf rom di l.
alcohol .
B. Scar letRed Dy eDer ivativ
e:10 dr opsoft hegi ven subst ancei sdi ssolved i n
con. HClandcool ed.Asat uratedsol utionofNaNO2 sol utioni saddedt heabov esol ution
andi cecool ed.Asol ut i
onofβ- napht holdi ssol vedi nNaOHsol uti
oni saddedt ot heabov e
mi xtureunderi ce-coldcondi ti
on.Thescar l
etr eddy ei sf i
lteredanddr ied.
7.Ami des
 Page8of8

Acidder iv
at ive:0.5goft hesubst ancei st reatedwi th5mlNaOHsol ut i
onandboi led
foratl east15mi nut esunderr efluxt il
lacl earsol uti
oni sobt ai
ned.Thehy drol yt
icproducti s
acidifi
edwi thconc. HClandt hepr ecipi tat eobt ainedi sf ilt
er edandr ecryst alli
zedf rom hot
wat er.
8.Di ami des
(A)Nitro-Der ivati
ve:0.5goft hesubst ancei sdi ssolv edi nwat erand2mlcon. HNO3i s
addedandshakenwel l
.Thewhi tepr eci pitat eobtainedi sf ilteredanddr i
ed.
(b)S-Benzy l
-Der i
vative(ForThi our ea) :To0. 5goft hesubst ance,1mlbenzy lchl or
ide
i
saddedandr efluxedi nr ecti
fi
edspi ritf or30mi nutesonawat erbath.Ther esult
ingy ell
ow
solutioni scool edandt hewhi t
epr ecipitat eobt ainedi sf il
ter edof f.
8.Ani li
des
Bromo- derivative:To0. 5goft hesubst ance,about30mlbr omi neingl aci alaceticaci dis
addedsl owlywi t
hconst antst i
rr
ingt il
ly ellowcol ourdev elops.Thecont ent sar eshakenwel l
for15mi nut esandpour edinto50mlwat ertakeni nabeaker .They ellow pr ecipitateis
fi
lt
er ed, washedwi thwat erandr ecr y
st allizedf r
om di l.alcohol .
10.Ni tro-Gr oup
Ni t
ro-derivative:0. 5goft hesubst ancei saddedsl owl ytoami xtureof1mlof
conc. H2SO4 andf umi ngni tr
icaci d,shaki ngt horoughl yaf tereachaddi tion.Themi xtureis
heat edi naboi li
ngwat erbathf or20mi nut est i
lladr opoft hemi xt
urepour edintowat er
crystalli
zesi mmedi ately.Thent hewhol emi xt
ur eispour edi nto50mlofcol dwat erand
sti
rredv i
gorousl y.They ellowcry stalsf or medar ef il
teredof f.

REPORT:
Thegi
venor
gani
ccompoundcont
ains

S.
No DESCRI PTI ON Pr
esent/Absent
1. Aromat ic/ali
phatic
2. Saturated/ unsatur
ated
3. El
ement s:Ni t
rogen
Sulphur
Hal ogens
4. Functional group
5. Deriv
at i
v e