2010-ASL

M&S
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY

HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION 2O1O

MATHEMATICS AND STATFTrcS AS.LEVEL

8.30 am - 11.30 am (3 hours)

This paper must be answered in English

l. This paper consists of Section A and Section B.

2. Answer ALL questions in Section A, using the AL(E) answer book.

3. Answer any FOUR questions in Section B, using the AL(C) answer book.

4. Unless otherwise specified, all working must be clearly shown.

5. Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should be either exact or given to 4 decimal places.

o6ffi4;fr&i+t*.ffi {xffiHF{E Not to be taken away before the

Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority end of the examination session
AII Rights Reserved 2010

2010-AS-M & S-l 15

Section A (40 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section.
Write your answers in the AL(E) answer book.

l. It is given that
/\r*2 *
\ a) =t*3-
Ir*11 +terns involvinshigherpowers of x,
24 s76
where r is a rational number and a is a non-zero integer.

(a) Find the values of r and, a .

I
(b) Expand (8+x)3inascendingpowersof x uptotheterminvolving 12 . Stut"therangeof
x for which the expansion is valid.
(6 marks)

2. Let f(x) = .
"2*
(a) Use trapezoidal rule with 2 intervals of equal width to find the approximate value of
.l
Jnf(x)dx .

(b) Evaluate the exact value of Jitr"r*

uses trapezoidal rule with 2 trapeziums of unequal widths to approximate
The first trapezium has width n (Oclt<t) and the second trapezium has
as shown below. Let A be the total area of the two trapeziums.

v - f(x)

e2h +(l -ez)h+ez

(i) Show that A - 2

(ii) Find the minimum value of A

(8 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-2 T6

3. 'dt4 = -fe
An archaeologist models the presence of carbon-14 remaining in animal skulls fossil AV

where I (in grams) is the amount of carbon-I4 present in the skull at time r (in years) and t is a
constant. Let As (ingrams) betheoriginalamountofcarbon-l4intheskull. Itisknownthathalf
ofthe carbon-I4 will disappear after 5 730 years.

(a) By expressing I
'dA tn terms of I , or otherwise, find the value of & correct to 3 significant
figures.

(b) In an animal skull fossil, the archaeologist found that 30% of the original amount of
carbon -I4 is still present. Find the approximate age of the skull correct to the nearest ten
years.
(6 marks)

4. Let A and B be two exhaustive events of a certain sample space. Denote P(B) = b and
P(Ar-:B)=c,where 0<b<l and 0<c<l

(a) Express P(l) in terms of b and c .

(b) Suppose that P(Al B) =; and P(B I A) =:

(i) Find the values of b and c .

(ii) Are the events A and B independent? Explain your answer.

(7 marks)

5. The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution ofthe test scores of 2l students taking
a statistics course.

Stem Tens Leaf nits

2 a
3
4 9
5 0013 77
6 0235 559
7 0 3 49
8 2b
Let i be the mean of these 2l scores.
It is known that if the smallest value of these 2l scores is removed, the range is decreased by 27
and the mean is increased by 2 .

(a) Find the values of a , b and x .

(b) The teacher wants to select 6 students to participate in a competition by first excluding the
student with the lowest score. If the students are randomly selected, find the probability that
there will be

(i) no students with score higher than 70 being selected;

(ii) at least 2 students with scores higher than 70 being selected.

(6 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-3 17

6. The coach of a girls school basketball team recruits new members from the Form One students, of
whom I I .7% are taller than 152 cm . Assume that their heights are normally distributed with a
mean of p cm and a standard deviation of 5 cm.

(a) Find the value of p

(b) It is known that}Oo/o of the Form One students taller than 152 cm do not apply to join the
basketball team, while l0% of students shorter than 152 cm apply to join.
If a Form One student is selected at random, find the probability that

(D the student applies to join the basketball team;

(ii) the student is shortbr than 152 cm given that she does not apply to join the basketball
team.
(7 marks)

2010-As-M & s-4 18

Section B (60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions in this section. Each question caries 15 marks.
Write your answers in the AL(C) answer book

7. Define f(r)=I{ where a isaconstantand x +-a . Let C1 bethecurve y=f(x) with

x+a
the vertical asymptote x =2

(a) (i) Find the value of a .

(ii) Find the equation(s) of the horizontal asymptote(s) of C1 .

(iii) Find f'(x) and hence find the range of x for which f(x) is decreasing.

(iv) Sketch the curve of C1 . Indicate its asymptote(s) and intercept(s).

(8 marks)

O) Let C2 bethecurve y=g(x),where g(x)=f(x-2)+2 .

(i) Using the result in (aXrv), or otherwise, sketch the curve C2 . Indicate its asymptote(s)
and intercept(s).

(ii) Let C3 be the curve y =lg(x)12 . Find the area of the region bounded by the curve
C3 and the axes.
(7 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-5 t9

8. A company launches a campaign to increase the sales of a product. The monthly increase in sales
(in thousand dollars) I months after the launch can be modelled by the function

f (t) = -25g"2ot + 3ooeot - 5o

where a is a non-zero constant.

It is known that the monthly increase in sales attains the maximum 5 months after the launch.

(a) Find the value of a .

(3 marks)

(b) After at least 7j months, the campaign will not increase the sales.

(D Find the value of fi .

(iD Estimate the total amount of sales increased 7j months after the launch.
(5 marks)

(c) The start up cost of the campaign is 100 thousand dollars and the running cost at time I is
l0? tfrourund dollars. The campaign will be terminated after T2 months when the total
t+9
expenditure reaches 200 thousand dollars.

(D Express the total expenditure E (in thousand dollars) in terms of I .

(iD Find the value of 12 .

(iii) During the period of the campaiga, the manager of the company suggests replacing the
campaign by a less costly plan. The monthly increase in sales (in thousand dollars) due
to the plan can be modelled by the function

g(t)=-(t -a)(t -2a) , a 1t <2a

where d (0<o<T) is the time, in months after the launching of the original
campaign, of starting the plan.
ln order to achieve the maximum total amount of sales increased by the plan, when
should it be started? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)

2010-AS-M & 5-6 20

9 . The population of a kind of bacterium p(t) at time r (in days elapsed since 9 am on 1614/2010 ,

and can be positive or negative) is modelled by

P(t)=--!- '+c ' -@(l(o

b+e-'

where a , b and c are positive constants. Define the primordial population be the population of
the bacterium long time ago and the ultimate population be the population of the bacterium after a
long time.

(a) Find, in terms of a , b and c ,

(i) the time when the growth rate attains the maximum value;

(iD the primordial population;

(iii) the ultimate population.

(5 marks)

(b) A scientist studies the population of the bacterium by plouing a linear graph of ln[p(t) - c]
against ln(b + e-t ) and the graph shows the intercept on the vertical axis to be ln 8000 . If
at 9 am on 16/4/2010 the population and the growth rate of the bacterium are 6000 and
2000 per day respectively, find the values of a , b and c .
(3 marks)

(c) Another scientist claims that the population of the bacterium at the time of maximum growth
rate is the mean of the primordial population and ultimate population. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.
(2 marks)

(d) By expressing e-t in terms of a , b , c and p(/) , express p'(/) in the form of
iror ) - al[p1) - BJ, where a < B
o
Hence express a and B in terms of a , b and c.
Sketch p'(/) against p(t) for d, <p(/) < p and hence verif, your answer in (c).
(5 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-7 2t

10. The marketing manager of a hotel studies the number of wedding banquets held per week in the
hotel for the past 52 weeks. He proposes two Poisson models to explain the observed data in the
following table. He uses the sample mean of the observed data to estimate 21 .

Observed * Expected frequency f"

Number of wedding
banquets per week frequency fo Po( h) Po( 1z)
0 7 a k
I l8 b 12.68
2 t2 c t3.94
3 ll 8.07 10.23
4 4 d 5.62
* Correct to 2 decimal places.

(a) (D Find the sample mean of the observed data.

(iD Find 12 correct to 2 decimal places.

(iii) Findthevaluesof a, b, c, d and t correctto 2 decimalplaces.

(iv) The absolute value of the difference between the observed frequency and the
corresponding expected frequency is defined as error. The distribution with a smaller
total sum of errors is regarded as fitting the observed data better. Which distribution fits
the observed data better? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)

(b) The distribution that fits the observed data better in (a)(iv) is adopted. Assume that the
expense per table in a wedding banquet follows a normal distribution with a mean of $ 7 388
and a standard deviation of $ I 200 .
(D Find the probability that the expense per table is between $ 6 188 and $ 8 888 in a
certain wedding banquet.

(ii) Given that there are at most 3 wedding banquets in a certain week, find the probability
that there is exactly I
banquet of which the expense per table is between $ 6 188 and
$8888.
(7 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-8 22

I l. In a promotion period of an electronic shopping card with spending limit of $3 000 , cardholders
who spend over $400 in the maximum amount transaction are classified as VIPs and are eligible
for entering an online "click-and-get-point" game once. The rules of the game are detailed in the
following table.

Spending ($ x ) VIP Category Number of clicks allowed

400<x(800 Silver I
800 <x <1000 Gold 2
1000<x(3000 Platinum 3

Theprobabilitiestoget 1,2,3 and 4 pointsonasingleclickare 0.4,0.3,0.2 and 0.1

respectively. The total number ofpoints got in a game can be exchanged for a cash rebate according
to the following table.

Total number of points Cash rebate

Ito3 $20
4 to 9 s50
10 to 12 $200

Itis known that among the VIPs, 25o/o belongto Silver, 60% belong to Gold and l5o/o belong to
Platinum.

(a) In a certain completed game, find the probability

(D of getting exactly 3 points if the player is a Gold VIP;

(ii) of getting exactly 3 points;
(iii) that the player is a Gold VIP given that the player gets exactly 3 points.
(5 marks)

(b) Find the probability that the player gets a cash rebate of exactly $ 20 in a certain completed
game.
(2 marks)

(c) In a certain completed game, find the probability that the player gets

(i) exactly l0 points;

(iD a cash rebate ofexactly $ 200 .

(3 marks)

(d) Research data reveal that 70%o of each category of the VIPs will complete the game. A
manager ofthe card company proposes offering a 4%o direct cash rebate ofthe transaction to
all VIPs instead of the online game. However, a senior manager, Winnie, thinks that the cost
of that proposal will certainly be higher than the expected cash rebate of the online game.

(i) Do you agree with Winnie? Explain your answer.

(ii) Another senior manager, John, thinks that the cost of offernga 2%o direct cash rebate to
all VIPs will certainly be lower than the expected cash rebate ofthe online game. Do you
agree with John? Explain your answer.
(5 marks)

2010-AS-M & S-9 23

12. A manufacturer produces a specific kind of tablets. He uses one machine to produce ingredient I
and ingredient B , and then one mixer to mix the ingredients to produce the tablets and pack them
in bags. The bags of tablets are then delivered to a hospital.

Past records indicate that 0.6Yo of ingredients A and B respectively are contaminated during the
ingredient production process, while 0.1% of the tablets are contaminated during the mixing and
packing process. A tablet is regarded as a contaminated tablet if

o the ingredient A in the tablet is contaminated, or

. the ingredient B in the tablet is contaminated, or
o the tablet is contaminated during the mixing and packing process.

The pharmacist of the hospital draws a random sample of 20 tablets from each bag to test for
I
contamination. A bag is considered unsafe if it contains more than tablet tested positive as a
contamindted tdblet.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected tablet from a certain bag is a contaminqted tablet.
(3 marks)

(b) Find the probability that a bag oftablets is regarded unsafe.

(2 marks)

(c) In a certain week, 100 bags of such tablets are delivered to the hospital. The hospital will
suspend the supply of the tablets from the manufacturer if more than 4 bags are found unsafe
within a week.

(i) Find the probability that the l0th bag will be the first one which is regarded unsafe.

(ii) Find the probability that the supply from the manufacturer will be suspended in a certain
week.
(5 marks)

(d) The manufacturer wants to increase the production and requires the probability of a tablet
r
being contaminated to be less than lYo. To achieve this, he plans to add new machines for
producing the ingredients I and B which has contamination probability of 0.4%
respectively. Suppose equal amount ofingredients I and B are produced by the original
machine and each of the n new machines.

(D Express the probability that the ingredient I is contaminated in terms of n .

(iD What is the least value of n?

(5 marks)

END OFPAPER

2010-AS-M & S-10 24

 Table: Area under the Standard Normal Curre

0.0 0000 .0040 0080 .0120 0160 .0199 0239 .0279 03 l9 .0359
0.1 0398 .043 8 0478 .0517 0557 .0596 0636 .067 s 07 t4 .07 53
0.2 0793 .0832 0871 .0910 0948 .0987 t026 .1064 ,I 103 .1141
0.3 tt79 .t217 1255 .1293 133 l .1368 t406 .1443 1480 .t5t7
0.4 t554 . I 591 1628 .1664 1700 .1736 1772 . l 808 t844 .1879

0.5 l9l5 .1950 r 985 .2019 2054 .2088 2t23 .2157 2190 .2224
0.6 2257 .2291 2324 .2357 2389 .2422 2454 .2486 2517 .2549
0.7 2580 .26n 2642 .2673 2704 .2734 2764 .2794 2823 .2852
0.8 I
288 .2910 2939 .2967 299s .3023 3051 .3078 3 106 .3t33
0.9 3r59 .3186 3212 .3238 3264 .3289 33 l5 .3340 336s .33 89
1.0 3413 .3438 3461 .3485 3508 .3531 3554 .3577 3599 3621
1.1 3643 .3665 3686 .3708 3729 .3749 3770 .3790 3810 .3830
1.2 3849 .3869 3 888 .3907 392s .3944 3962 .3980 3997 .4015
1.3 4032 .4049 4066 .4082 4099 .41 l5 4t3t .4147 4162 .4177
1.4 4192 .4207 4222 .4236 4251 .4265 4279 .4292 4306 .4319
1.5 4332 .4345 4357 .4370 4382 .4394 4406 .4418 4429 .444t
t.6 4452 .4463 4474 .4484 4495 .4505 4515 .4s25 4535 .4545
1.7 4554 .4564 4573 .4582 4591 .4599 4608 .4616 4625 .4633
1.8 4641 .4649 4656 .4664 4671 .4678 4686 .4693 4699 .4706
1.9 4713 .47 t9 4726 .4732 4738 .4744 47 50 .47 56 47 6t .47 67

2.0 4772 .4778 4783 .4788 4793 .4798 4803 .4808 4812 .4817
2.1 4821 .4826 4830 .4834 4838 .4842 4846 .4850 4854 .4857
2.2 4861 .4864 4868 .487 | 487 s .4878 488 t .4884 4887 .4890
2.3 4893 .4896 4898 .4901 4904 .4906 4909 .49n 49t3 .4916
2.4 49t8 .4920 4922 .4925 4927 .4929 4931 .4932 4934 .4936

2.5 4938 .4940 494r .4943 4945 .4946 4948 .4949 4951 .4952
2.6 4953 .495s 4956 .4957 4959 .4960 4961 .4962 4963 .4964
2.7 4965 .4966 4967 .4968 4969 .4970 4971 .4972 4973 .497 4
2.8 497 4 .497 s 4976 .4977 4977 .4978 4979 .4979 4980 .4981
2.9 4981 .4982 4982 .4983 4984 .4984 4985 .4985 4986 .4986

3.0 4987 .4987 4987 .4988 4988 .4989 4989 .4989 4990 .4990
3.1 4990 .4991 4991 .499t 4992 .4992 4992 .4992 4993 .4993
3.2 4993 .4993 4994 .4994 4994 .4994 4994 .4995 499s .4995
3.3 4995 .499s 499s .4996 4996 .4996 4996 .4996 4996 .4997
3.4 4997 .4997 4997 .4997 4997 .4997 4997 .4997 4997 .4998

3.5 4998 .4998 4998 .4998 4998 .4998 4998 .4998 4998 .4998

Note : An entry in the table is the proportion of the area under the entire curve which is
between z = 0 and a positive value of z . Areas for negative values of z are
obtained by symmetry.

A(z) -

2010-AS-M & S-l I 25