MODULE IN VOLLEYBALL

Professor: Mr. Von Moreno

Objectives

 Determine the history of Volleyball

 Understand the Volleyball history, rules, equipment, and skills of Volleyball

I. Content

Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in

which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net,
trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before
it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball
up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate
may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys
it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must
be returned over the net.

BRIEF HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

 The year was 1895 and physical director William G. Morgan had a problem.
The newly created game of basketball, while popular with the kids, was
proving to be too strenuous for the local businessmen. He needed an
alternative - something these older gentlemen could play - something
without too much "bumping" or "jolting".
 It had to be physical - playing a game, after work and at lunch time, should
provide exercise, but it also had to relax the participants - it couldn't be too
aggressive.
  It had to be a sport, Morgan said, "with a strong athletic impulse, but no
physical contact."
 So, he borrowed. From basketball, he took the ball. From tennis the net. The
use of hands and the ability to play off the walls and over hangs, he
borrowed from handball. And, from baseball, he took the concept of innings.
 He termed this new game "Mintonette". And though admittedly incomplete, it
proved successful enough to win an audience at the YMCA Physical Director's
Conference held in Springfield, Massachusetts the next year.
 It was at this conference that Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Springfield
College, suggested a two-word version of its present name. "Volley Ball".
 The game of volleyball was quite a bit different from what we're used to. It
was played on a smaller 25'x50' court, with an unlimited number of players
hitting the ball an unlimited number of times, on either side of a 6'6" high
net. Things tended to get a little crowded.
 Each game was broken up into nine innings, each inning made up of three
outs, or "serves". These serves could be helped over the net by a second
player, if the server didn't quite reach the net.
 The basketball originally used proved to be a little too heavy, and the
subsequent use of a basketball bladder, too soft. Morgan remedied this by
contacting A.G. Spalding, a local sporting goods manufacturer who designed
a special ball - a rubber bladder, encased in leather, 25" or so in
circumference. The "volleyball".
 Though still in its infancy, the sport was slowly developing and with the YCMA
taking the reins, Morgan was confident volleyball would continue to entertain
and relax the boys down at the "Y".
 What he probably didn't realize was that he had just created what would
become the second most popular team sport in the world.

Basic Volleyball Rules

 6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in the back
row
 Maximum of 3 hits per side
 Points are made on every serve for winning team of rally (rally-point
scoring).
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not considered a
hit.)
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
 A ball is out if it hits an antenna, the floor completely outside the court, any
of the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stands or pole, the
ceiling above a non-playable area.
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
 It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
 After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
 Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play. 3-set
matches are 2 sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be won
by two points. The winner is the first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are 4
sets to 25 points and fifth set to 15. The team must win by 2 unless
tournament rules dictate otherwise. The winner is the first team to win three
sets.

Basic Volleyball Rule Violations

Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent

 When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as while making
contact with the ball.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting,
carrying, throwing, etc.)
 Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
 When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, it’s illegal to contact
the ball when reaching over the net if both your opponent has not used 3
contacts AND they have a player there to make a play on the ball.
 When attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, contacting the ball
when reaching over the net is a violation if the ball has not yet broken the
vertical plane of the net.
 Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body is a violation.
Exception: if it is the hand or foot. In this case, the entire hand or entire foot
must cross for it to be a violation.
 Serving out of rotation/order.
 Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when,
at the moment of contact, the back-row player is near the net and has part of
his/her body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.
 Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the
3M/10-foot line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is completely above
the net. This is an illegal attack.

VOLLEYBALL EQUIPMENT

 They weigh 9.2 to 9.9 ounces, or 260-280-grams. Internal pressure of these

balls are set at 4.3 psi or 0.30-kgf-per-centimeter-squared. The adult
indoor volleyball ball is 65 to 67-centimeters or 25.5 to 26.5-inches in
circumference. They weigh 9.2 to 9.9-ounces or 260 to 280-grams
VOLLEYBALL ATTIRE
BASIC SKILL IN VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball Fundamentals Are Key

Like most sports, volleyball requires every player to get good at some basic skills
before they can truly excel at the sport. Here are the six basic skills you absolutely
need to master to be a competent volleyball player – then on your way to being an
expert. 

1. Passing
Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s
been served or hit over the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly thought
of as the most important skill in all of volleyball, because your team can’t
return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm volleyball passes are
often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate, but
overhead passing is another option.
2. Setting
The setter has the most important position on the team, and is often the
team leader for this reason. It’s their job to make it easy for a teammate to
get the ball over the volleyball net, preferably with a spike that the other
team can’t return. The setting motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready
to be spiked by another teammate with force.
3. Spiking
A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward
motion across the volleyball net to the other team’s side of the court. When
done well, spiking is very difficult to return, which is why it’s an essential
skill. A proper spike will help accumulate points quickly.
4. Blocking
Blocking is another important skill, although it’s probably the most
expendable of the fundamentals. Still, it adds a great dimension to the game,
keeping the other team on their toes, so to speak. By timing it right, you can
jump up and deflect or block the opponent’s attack before it even crosses the
volleyball net, which can take them by surprise and give your team an easy
point.
5. Digging
Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team from
an offensive spike or attack. Your job is to keep the ball from hitting the
floor, and you do that by diving and passing the ball in a fluid motion. Unlike
a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the ball from a steep
downward trajectory. This is another great skill to have, but isn’t as
important as passing, setting, or spiking.
6. Serving
Our final fundamental skills is serving. How can you be a great volleyball
player without knowing how to serve? There are a variety of ways to serve,
but you’ll most often see the underhand or overhand serves.

– For an underhand serve, if you’re right-handed, hold the ball in your left hand
while the right hand makes a fist with the thumb on top. Make contact with the
underside of the ball to send it over the net. 

– For an overhand serve (which is more advanced and common among skilled

players) you’ll be tossing the ball up while you pull back the dominant arm and
swing. Don’t follow through after your hand contacts the ball, which should feel
almost like you’re punching the ball across the volleyball net
 II. VIDEO WATCHING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ymx-bj5WbK4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mpBCRK_yk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qRzBXGvezQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amVtOHl4TAk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAFi2kguhYs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRV0rMeSOBI

Basic Volleyball Terminology

A
 Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the
floor untouched on the receiving team’s side of the court.

 Assist: Helping a teammate set up for a kill.

 Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.

 Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball

offensively with the purpose of terminating play.

 Attack Block: The defensive team’s attempt to block a spiked ball.

 Attack Error: An attack botched in one of 5 ways: ball lands out of bounds;
ball goes into net; attacker commits center line or net violation or attacker
illegally contacts ball.

 Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the net.
Separates the front-row players from the back-row players. A back-row
player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he takes off from
behind this line.

B
 Back row/court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack line. There are 3
players whose court positions are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)

 Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind the attack
line (10-foot/3-meter) line and attacks the ball. Various terms A-B-C-D-PIPE-
BIC.

 Back set: Set delivered behind the setter.

 Baseline: The back boundary of the court. Also called the end line

 Block: One of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one or more front-row

players meant to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, 2 or 3
players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball
with the hands.

 Blocking Error: Touching the net, crossing the centerline, blocking a set or

serve or any other “local” violation that occurs while making a block attempt.

C
  Center line: The boundary that runs under the net and divides the court into
two equal halves.

 Closing the block: The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to angle

their body relative to the first blocker.

 “Cover”: Refers to the hitter having his/her teammates ready to retrieve

rebounds from the opposing blockers.

 Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally from the point of attack.

Also called an angle hit.

 Cut shot: A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle
across the net.

D
 Deep: Refers to sending the ball away from the net, toward the baseline of
the opponent’s court.

 Defense: One of the 6 basic skills. The key skills used to receive the
opponent's attack are digging and sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm
pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls that are hit near
the defender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball hit farther
away from the defender. It resembles a dive.

 Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball and low to ground. Defensive play.
Slang for retrieving an attacked ball close to the floor. Statistically scored on
a 3.0 point system.

 Dink: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips.
Also called a tip.

 Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.

 Double hit: Violation. Two successive hits by the same player.

 Down Ball: Type of attack. “Down” refers to the blockers who neither jump,
nor raise their hands above the net.

 Dump: Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the
opponent’s court on the second contact.

F
 Five-One (5-1): An offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.

 Floater: A serve with no spin so the ball follows an erratic path.

 Follow: To move with and block an attacker. Athletes may change positions
with another blocker in the process.

 Forearm Pass: Sometimes referred to as the “pass,” “bump” or “dig”.

 Four-Two (4-2): An offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
  Free ball: Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill.
Usually a slow, arcing pass or “roll” shot rather than a spike.

 Front: Position of a blocker so that she/he can block the attacker.

 Front-row: Three players whose court position is in front of the attack line

(3M/10 Foot), near the net. These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the
court.

G
 Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent. Usually
organized for each rotation by the coaching staff.

H
 Held ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a violation.

 Hit: One of the 6 basic skills. To jump and strike the ball with an overhand,
forceful shot.

 Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker.” The player who is responsible for hitting

the ball.

 Hitting percentage: A statistic derived from total kills minus total attack
errors, divided by total attempts.

J
 Joust: When 2 opposing players contact the ball simultaneously above the
net causing the ball to momentarily come to rest; the point is replayed if this
is called by the official.

 Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the ball
with a spiking motion while in the air. There are two main types: jump float,
jump spin.

K
Key player/play : To discern a team’s best player or probable next play by
observation of patterns or habits.
Kill: An attack that results directly in a point or sideout.

L
 Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player must wear a
contrasting jersey color from his or her teammates and cannot block or
attack the ball when it is entirely above net height. When the ball is not in
play, the libero can replace any back-row player without prior notice to the
officials.

 Lines: The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. 2 inches (5cm) wide.

 Linesman: Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is

responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which he
or she is responsible. For indicating touches and play outside of the antennae
on their side of net.
  Lineup: Players starting rotation and, therefore, serving order. Numbered
1,2,3,4,5,6.

 Line serve: A straight-ahead serve landing near the opponent’s left sideline.

 Line shot: A ball spiked along an opponent’s sideline, closest to the hitter
and outside the block.

 Load: Body position for the blockers so that they are most effective.

M
 Middle back: A defensive system that uses the middle back player in 6 to
cover deep spikes. Also called “6 back” defense.

 Middle blocker: Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row
and moves laterally to her blocking assignments.

 Middle Up: A defensive system that uses the middle-back player in 6 to

cover tips or short shots along the 3 meter/10 foot line. Also called a “6 up”
defense

 Mintonette: The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William

Morgan.

N
 Net Height: Women – 7 feet, 4-1/8 inches high (2.24m),
Men – 7 feet, 11-5/8 inches high (2.43m). 

O
 Off-blocker: Outside blocker not included in the double block. Also called
off-side blocker.

 Off-Speed Shots: An attack that is intentionally slow. Ball spiked with less
than maximum force but with spin. Also called “roll” shot.

 Opposite: Player who plays opposite the setter in the rotation. In some

systems, this player is also a setter. In other systems, this player is called a
right-side.

 Outside hitter: Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row.
Also called right-side (opposite) or left side (power).

 Overhand pass: A pass with both hands open that is controlled by the
fingers, with the face below the ball. Both hands simultaneously contact the
ball above the head and direct it to the intended target.

 Overhand serve: Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder. Float or spin.

 Overlap: A violation called if a team is lined up out of rotation when the ball
is served.

 Overpass: A ball passed across the net.

 Overset: An errant set that crosses the net without being touched by
another offensive player.
P
 Pass: One of the 6 basic skills. Receiving a serve or the first contact of the
ball with the intent to control the ball to another player. Also called a
“bump”.

 Pancake: One-hand floor defensive technique where the hand is extended

and slid along the floor palm down while the player dives or extension rolls
so the ball bounces off the back of the hand and is considered legal.

 Party ball: When the ball is passed across the net in front of attack line so
the front-row attacker can immediately hit the ball on the first contact.

 Penetration: The blocker’s ability to reach over the net above the

opponent’s court.

 Perimeter: Backcourt defense where 4 players arrange themselves near the

boundaries of the court.

 Pipe: A back-row attack from the middle of the court. Position 6.

 Play: An attack with a planned fake, usually including 2 or more hitter.

Q
 Quick set: An extremely low vertical set used to beat the opponent’s block.
Can be set at any position on the net.

R
 Rally scoring: Scoring method where points can be won by the serving or
receiving team.

 Ready position: The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes

before moving to the point of contact.

 Red card: Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct

resulting in a point/side out to the opponent. Results in automatic ejection
and a point/side out for the opponent.

 Roof: To block a spike, usually straight down for a point.

 Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and through

the serving position following a side out. Players must retain their initial
rotational order throughout the entire game, but once the ball is contacted
on serve they are allowed to move anywhere.

S
 Seam: The mid-point between 2 players.

 Serve: One of the 6 basic skills. Used to put the ball into play. It is the only
skill controlled exclusively by one player.

 Set: One of the 6 basic skills. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a
point where a player can spike it into the opponent’s court. Sets can be set at
different heights and different locations on the net and offensively there are
names for each of these. First number is location on net and second number
height of set. (Example: 13.) Sets can also be named.
  Set attack: When a setter attempts to score rather than set the ball to a
setter. Also called a shoot set. Setter: The second passer whose job it is to
position a pass to the hitter.

 Shallow: Near the net.

 Shank: Severely misdirected pass.

 Side out: Change of service when a serving team has failed to score a point.
Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the
serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error.

 Six-pack: Being hit in the face with the ball.

 Six-two (6-2): An offense with four spikers and two spiker/setters. Setter
comes from the back row.

 Slide/step: A quick attack behind the setter.

 Spike: Also called a hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on

the offensive team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor
or off the opponent’s blocker.

 Split block: A double-block that leaves a space between the blockers.

 Stuff: A ball deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the opponent’s
blockers.

 Substitution: Allows one player to replace another player already on the

court. Rules dictate number of subs each team is allowed.

 Switch: To change court positions after a ball is served to facilitate strongest

player positions.

T
 Tandem: A combination in which one player attacks immediately behind
another.

 Tape: The top of the net.

 Telegraph: To show one’s intention to the opponents.

 Three-meter line: The line extended across the court to signify the point
which a back-row player must leave the ground behind to attack the ball.
Also call “attack line” and 10-foot line

 Tip: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips.
Also called a dink.

 Tool: When an attacker hits the ball off an opposing blocker’s arms out of
bounds. Also called a wipe.

 Touch: A player contacting the ball on the defensive play.

 Transition: To switch from offense to defense and vice versa.

 Triple-block: Block formed by all 3 front-row players.

U
 Underhand serve: A serve performed with an underhand striking action.
The ball is usually contacted with the heel of the hand.

W
 W serve-receive formation: Three players in the front row, two in the
back.
Wipe: To deliberately spike the ball off an opponent’s hands and out of
bounds. Also called a tool.

Y
 Yellow Card: Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of
misconduct. Two yellow cards result in an automatic red card.