Chris G.

Patlingrao MAED-PE
Professor: Dr. Wilter C. Friales
July 21, 2018

1.Research Problem

A research problem refers to a gap that needs to be addressed or to be solved in

a certain area of concern. It can be conditions needs to be developed, a difficulty

to diminish, a question that requires explanation and answer and a practice that

must have a meaningful understanding. It must be useful and relevant to the

researchers and benefited to the people and next generation.

B. Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework refers to the use of theories, principles, and

generalizations that explains, predicts and interprets how a certain phenomenon

occured and operated. Also it aims to make research findings more meaningful

and acceptable to the research field.

C. Assumption

Assumption refers to a firm belief in something for which there is no proof. This

will help us to create or develop theories and research instruments to prove that

it is true.

D. Scope

Scope refers to a clearly stated and defined to any research instruments that will

be tackled or covered in the design or project of the researchers. The

researchers also consider the limits such as issues, period of time, area

coverage; subjects/respondents and quantitative or a combination of the two.

E. Variables

Variables refers to a person, thing, place or any phenomenon that a researcher is

trying to quantify. This is the basis to what they need to consider in finding out

the possible explanation or answer. It can be dependent or independent variable

that is a factor in a scientific experiment that may be subject to change.

F. Research Objectives

Research Objectives refer to well-define and clearly stated statements that gives

a direction in finding out the variables. Two objectives are general and specific

objectives. General objectives is a broad statement of the purpose of the study

which uses abstract and unmeasurable concepts. While the specific objectives is

a statement of purpose which uses well-defined and measurable concepts, the

formulation of which should be based on, logically flow from the general

objective.

G. Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework is a basic conceptional structure that function the same

as the theoretical framework. It only matters to the type of concepts which they

use. Also, it shows the relationships between the independent and dependent

variables in the diagram. This framework helps the researchers to develop and

solve their research project.

H. Hypothesis

Hypothesis refers to an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further

study or discussion in one’s research project. It must be specific and clear to the
possible outcome of the scientific research study in order to distinguish the

differences and relationship of the certain variables.

I. Limitation

Limitation refers to the shortcomings, conditions or influences that cannot be

controlled by the researcher. Also it means that you put boundaries and

restrictions to your methodology and conclusions. Furthermore, the limitations

may have an effect to the result of your research study.

J. Ethical Consideration in Research

In conducting a study, we need to consider moral values, observing the norms

and standard, and make a distinction from the right and wrong. In order to avoid

conflict and we cannot overstep anyone or one’s authority in doing the study.

II.

1. What makes a problem researchable?

The problem makes researchable when there is no known solution or answer to

a certain phenomenon. There possible solutions yet the effectivity is not yet

tested. There are solutions the possible result but somehow it is factually

contradictory. When the existence phenomenon needs an explanation. Lastly,

when there is a lot of possible and plausible explanations for the condition.

2. Why define a research problem? How does one go about a research

problem?

We ought to define the research problem in order for us to have a vivid vision

and direction about what we are going to find out or what requires us to do to
solve in a certain phenomenon. We can go about our research problem by

analyzing which problem that needs solutions and answers it might be personal

experiences, symposia, dialogues, or ordinary meetings, journals, books, theses,

or dissertations and the mass media, radio, television, movies, newspapers and

magazines or even in theories. We can always find out which problem that needs

an answer and can be also benefited to many people and to the next generation.

3.What are the characteristics of good research objectives?

Good research objectives must be SMART. It means using simple language,

measurable, attainable, result-oriented and time-bounded. Research objective

must use a simple language in order the reader will understand what we are

trying to say or state in our study. It also measurable in a way we can quantify

the given data that is needed in formulating a conclusion and in explaining. It

should be also attainable in a manner that the researcher can achieve or attain

the stated objectives in their study. It is must be result-oriented that the

objectives don’t falsify or bias in order to be in aligned to the strong interest of the

researchers. Lastly, it must be time bounded that it can be conducted in given

time period.

4. Why is there a need to define the key terms in research?

There is a need to clearly define the key terms in research for the readers will

have a comprehensive understanding about the terms and concepts used and

discussed in the study and the evidences that they obtained through direct and

indirect activities will represented vividly.

5. Why is the review of related literature and studies significant in the

research process?
The review of related literature and studies significant in research process it is

because it will provide ideas and facts that will be a basis in solving and

explaining the phenomenon or problem of the study. Moreover, review of related

literature also enables us to have comprehend or have a deliberate

understanding about what, where, when, why and how the research procedure

on further answer all the assumptions or the researchers’ assumptions and

hypothesis.

6. Discuss the difference between quantitative and qualitative research

based on the following:

a. Ontology – a particular theory about the nature of being or the kinds of things

that have existence. In quantitative research, it means the design is more on

facts rather than feelings or opinions. While in qualitative research, the design

gives a subjective perception or expression on something.

b. Epistemology – refers to a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge

especially with reference to its limits and validity. In qualitative research, it is

used to provide answers of the questions “how can we know it?”. While in

quantitative research, it measures the incidence of various views and opinions in

a chosen sample.

c. Methodology – it is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied

to a field of study. In other words, it is the way of applying appropriate set of

methods for a particular study. In qualitative research, it is more concerned with

understanding what is happening as viewed by the participants. While in

quantitative research, it requires quantifiable or measurable data involving

numerical and statistical explanations.

d. Methods – it is the exact design that will be used in the experiment. In

qualitative research, is used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive

deeper into the problem. While in qualitative research, data collection methods

vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques.

e. Purpose – it is the reason why something is done. In qualitative research, it

aims to gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. While in

quantitative research, provides insight into the setting of a problem, generating

ideas and/or hypotheses.

f. Data – it is a fact or information. In quantitative research, aims to quantify data

and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest. In qualitative

research, it is used to explore some findings further.

I. Do the following based on your proposed research topic.

a. Formulate the statement of the problem and complete the Research
objective definition matrix below.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Research Operational Definition/s Questions

Objectives/Questions
1. Describe the level of
involvement of students
in the sports development
program in terms of:
1.1 Number of hours per
week
1.2 Number of sports
1.3 Attendance per week
Involvement - refers to the
participation the of
student in certain
organization such as
sports club.
Enhancement refers to
increase or improve the
program especially the
sports developmental
program.
1. What is the level of
involvement of students
in sports development
program in terms of
number of hours spent
per week, number of
sports attended and
number of involvement
every week?

2. Determine the level of the
students’ satisfaction in
Sports development
program in terms of:
2.1 Acquired skills;
2.2 Coaches’ coaching
styles; and
2.3 Facilities and equipment.
Satisfaction refers to the
act of providing what is
needed or desired of
the students in terms of
acquired skills,
coaching style of their
coach, and equipment
and facilities in Dole
Philippines School.
2. What is the level of the
students’ satisfaction in
Sports development
program terms of:
Acquired skills;
Coaches’ coaching styles;
and
Facilities and equipment?

3. What are the things

3. Enhance the sports
development program.
Skills refers to the ability to that are needed to be
do something that enhanced in sports
comes from development program?
training/practice from
his/her teammates and
coaches.

Sports Development
Program refers to the
sports program
implemented by Dole
Philippines School to
provide learning and
 development to
become holistic
learners.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Research Operational Definition/s Questions

Objectives/Questions
1. How do the teachers Learners with special 1. How do you perceive
view learners with special needs refers to the the learners with
needs? students who needs special needs in the
special assistance context of learning
2. How do teachers specially in the context process?
teach the skills? of learning.
2. Do you have learners in
class with special
3. How do teachers Teachers refers to needs?
handle learners with educators who assist
special needs? and facilitate the
learners with special 3. How do you teach
4. How do they needs. learners with special
address/attend to the needs?
needs of the learners with
special needs? 4. Do you have strategies
employed in teaching
learners with special
5. How do they relate needs?
with parents of the
learners with special
5. How do you facilitate
needs?
learners with special
needs in the context of
learning process?

6. Did you encounter

challenges in dealing
learners with special
needs?

7. What strategies do you

use to fill the gap of
these difficulties in
teaching the learners
with special needs?

8. How do you
communicate with
parents who have
children with special
needs?

a. From the given research objectives complete the summary of data

collection scheme below

 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Research Data Set Sources of Data Data Analysis

Questions

Involvement level Dole Philippines

1. What is the level School Students Correlational
of involvement of Study/Analysis
students in Number of hours
sports per week
development
program in terms Number of sports
of number of Attendance per
hours spent per week
week, number of
sports attended
and number of Dole Philippines
involvement School Students
every week?
Satisfaction level Correlational
Study/Analysis
Acquired skills
2. What is the level Coaches’ coaching
of the students’ styles
satisfaction in Facilities and
Sports equipment
development Data gathered
program terms
of:
Acquired skills;
Coaches’ coaching Sports Development
styles; and program

Facilities and
equipment?

3. What are the

things that are
needed to be
enhanced in
sports
development
program?

b. From the given data above, formulate your tool/ instrument to be used in the

data gathering. Consider only the first two SOPs.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Name: ________________________________________________________
Grade level: _______ Age: ____ Gender: _____
Please answer the following questions. Put a check mark on each space provided.

Describe the level of involvement of students in sports development program in terms of

number of hours spent per week, number of sports attended and number of
involvement every week?
I. Level of Involvement
a. Which sports do you participate in?
____ Badminton ____ Football
____ Basketball ____ Futsal
____ Table Tennis ____ Volleyball
Other (please specify): ____________________

b. How long do you participate in sports per week?

____ 0-1 hour ____ 4-5 hours
____ 2-3 hours ____ 6-7 hours

c. How often do you attend sports program per week?

____ 1 time ____ 3 times
____ 2 times ____ 4-5 times

d. How many sports are you affiliated in?

____ 0-1 sports ____ 4-5 sports
____ 2-3 sports ____ 6-7 hours
II. Determine the level of the students’ satisfaction in Sports development program in
terms of:

a. Acquired skills;
b. Coaches’ coaching styles; and
c. Facilities and equipment.

Please circle your level of agreement with the following.

5 – Strongly Agree
4 – Agree
3 – Neutral
2 – Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree

a. Coaching style

SA A N D VD
The coach gives appropriate and easy to understand5 4 3 2 1
instructions
The coach communicates with appropriate language5 4 3 2 1
The coach manages the time well 5 4 3 2 1
The coach provides appropriate feedback 5 4 3 2 1
The coach provides challenging drills 5 4 3 2 1
The coach encourages and listens to his or her 5 4 3 2 1
athletes
The coach shows empathy and attends to our 5 4 3 2 1
concerns
The coach recognizes our strengths 5 4 3 2 1

b. Equipment/facilities

SA A N D VD
The fields and courts are free from harm 5 4 3 2 1
The fields and courts are consistently maintain 5 4 3 2 1
The PE room is consistently maintain 5 4 3 2 1
The PE room is well organized 5 4 3 2 1
All sports equipment needed are available 5 4 3 2 1
Shower rooms are consistently maintain 5 4 3 2 1
The sports equipment are consistently maintain and 5 4 3 2 1
up-to-date
The equipment and facilities are accessible 5 4 3 2 1
c. Acquired Skills

SA A N D VD
I perform fundamental skills in my particular sport 5 4 3 2 1
I could properly use equipment in my particular sport5 4 3 2 1
I perform the proper executions with my hands 5 4 3 2 1
I communicate with appropriate language 5 4 3 2 1
I listen to my coach and teammates 5 4 3 2 1
I perform with proper posture 5 4 3 2 1
I perform with coordination and balance 5 4 3 2 1
I perform with dexterity 5 4 3 2 1

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Guide Questions

1. How do the teachers view learners with special needs?

 How do you perceive the learners with special needs in the context of learning
process?
 What comes into your mind if we are going say Learners with special needs?

2. How do teachers teach the skills?

 How do you teach learners with special needs?
 Do you have strategies employed in teaching learners with special needs?