Group Number

San Carlos University of Guatemala

Faculty of Engineering
School of Sciences

Technical English: 3

Section: B
6
Date: 26/06/2018

Name of the assignment:

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROJECT

“The application of process

diagram in the Industry”

ID Number Name
201404393 Carlos Alfredo Sánchez López

201314716 James Allan Melgar Morales

201504045 Christian Fernando Gerónimo López

201403737 Kerin Daniel Valiente Castillo

 Index

Introduction 1

Objectives 2

Theoretical Content 3-6

Practical Content 7-12

Conclusions 13

References 14

Annexes 15-16
Introduction

The following report is intended to explain the process diagrams in the industry, this report
describes the processes of a bakery, which describe with 3 diagrams that are flow diagram:
This is the diagram that describes the algorithm that is in the bakery , process diagram: This
diagram describes the process that involves making bread in the bakery, you can add the
time and distance the other diagram described in the report is the route of this diagram
describes the route that is needed to transport the raw material, Bread and packing it to its
places of process and delivery.
Objectives
General objective

 Identify the different diagrams applied on industrial Engineering mostly use to

improve the efficiency and quality of the process.
Specific objectives
o Understand the usage of each type of diagram.
o Apply the knowledge learned about the different diagrams based on a real-
life situation, in this case; how bread is made on a bakery.
o Identify the importance to apply the process diagrams correctly.
Theoretical Content
Operation Process and Flow Process Chart
This is also known as outline process chart and it provides a compact over all view of the
whole system of operations involved in the production of a product. In this chart only the
main activities (i.e. operations and inspections) carried out to complete a job are recorded
in the sequence of their occurrence but irrespective of where they are performed and who
performs them.
Thus only symbols of process chart are used in preparing it. Sometimes a brief note about
the nature each activity (may be operation or inspection) and the time allowed are mentioned
by the side of symbols. The processing to material i.e. various activities are shown vertically
on the entry or purchase of material by horizontal lines as shown in Fig 18.1. (The operation
process chart for the fabrication of a riveted assembly.
An operation process chart has following advantages:
(i) To improve shop/plant layout
(ii) Helps in specifying the basic manufacturing system.
(iii) Helps in determining sequence of assembly and the scheduling activities regarding dates
of purchased material and completion dates for fabricated parts.
(iv) To introduce the new technical personal with the manufacturing system.

Flow Process Chart:

A flow process chart is a chart showing the sequence of the flow of a product by way of
recording all activities/events under review with appropriate symbols. This chart is similar to
operation process chart with the difference that it utilizes symbols of operation,
transportation, inspection, delay and permanent storage. The operation times and distances
moved are also recorded along the symbols side.
Flow process chart are of three types:
Man, Machine and Material. These charts are shown in Figs. 18.3, 18.4 and 18.5.
The man type flow process chart shows the process from the point of view of man/operator.
It indicates the activities of man throughout the process.
The machine type flow process chart shows the activities from the point of view of machines
involved. A chart for example of a boring machine will ignore the whole of activities except
the past in which boring machine is involved. It will not indicate any movement of men or
materials.
The material type flow process chart shows the process from the materials point of view
utilized during the process. It shows the introduction of all materials whether raw material or
finished components and represents all information regarding operations and inspections
carried out on the during process diagrammatically.

Benefits of Flow Process Chart:

It helps to improve a work method by:
(i) Simplification of operations.
(ii) Simplification of inspection required.
(iii) Reduction in distance moved by men and materials in shops.
(iv) Reduction in waiting time.
(v) Reduction in periods of temporary storage so reduces work in process time.
Flow Diagram:

A flow diagram is a pictorial layout of buildings and floors on which locations of all the
activities as given on the flow lines representing the movement of men and materials are
shown. Such pictorial layout is valuable in incorporating improvements in the method.
The number of movements if minimized result viz. a lot of saving both in cost as well as
efforts required to perform a job Fig. 18.3 shows a simple flow diagram in which raw material
from the store moves to work station P where an operation is performed the semi-finished
product moves to work place Q where another operation is carried out hence it moves to
work place R for inspection and is further sent to location S where it waits for a short period
and ultimately goes out of the unit.
Micro-motion Study and Memo-motion Study:
Micro-motion study is carried out for very short cycle, highly repetitive operations. The
operation is filmed at 960 to 1000 frames/minute and the film is analyzed for frame for the
purpose of method improvement. The study is very costly.
Memo-motion Study:
To a cine-film-camera—a timing device is connected which at 60 frames per minute only.
This study cost 6 percent of the cost of micro-motion Study.
Process Travel Diagram
This diagram uses the same symbolism as the process flow and also the same structure,
the only difference is that we draw the diagram in a plan view of the manufacturing plant.
Remember to always draw the symbols in a 1 cm2 area. This is a standard for all the
diagrams that you’re going to draw.
Important considerations

 Time is given in minutes; this is a standard for all the diagrams.

 The diagram is drawn in a plan view of the manufacturing plant.
 The time is placed in the upper-left corner of the symbol.
 The distance is written in meters and the lower-left corner of the symbol.
 A brief description of every step of the process is written at the right side of the
symbol.
 When numbering the process remember that you have to do it according to its
function in the diagram and the sequence in the process.

Practical Content

Production planning in Guatemalan bakeries is mainly based on the experience of the

responsible production manager. As a result, production planning happens more or less
"chaotic", which often results in "bottle-necks", deficient dimensioning, ineffective staff
allocation and operational problems. The aforementioned points cause a production
environment in which factories are not able to achieve the best possible economic and
ecological performance. As shown in several industry branches, it is highly advantageous
to use virtual models in order to detect and improve suboptimal processes. Models behave
like the real system and provide the possibility to predict the changes that may occur to the
real production, if the specifications of the production change. For those reasons, diagram
process supplies the user with a powerful tool for production planning in this case study
REINAS’s Bakery was used as the modelling and simulation tool to analyze a bakery
production line and stablished the correct diagrams for the productivity of this line.
As you can see In the next too images, one describes the zone where the costumer make
the order to the reception in the bakery, and the second one is where the trucks develop all
the materials that the bakery needs to satisfy the demand of every day.
Process Diagram

operations Inspection transport Storage

Description Time

Warehouse in raw 5 min X

material
Weigh raw material 2 min X
inspection 1 min X
stir raw material 1 min x x
inspection 1 min X
transfer to scale 1 min x
weigh the dough 1 min X
cut the dough in 2 min X
machine
mass figuration 1 min X
inspection 1 min X
fermentation of the 10 min X
dough
transfer to the kiln 1 min X
Baking (350 25 min X
centigrade)
inspection 1 min X
cool down 3 min x
Transfer to 3 min x
packaging
Semite Packaging 2 min X
 Inspection 1 min X
store final product 2 min x
Application Process Diagram

The process diagram is focused on diagramming. The processes that they carry out are a
final product in our case. The final product is the last facts in the realization of each activity.
The first process you have is the last matter, then stir the raw material, it is also a process
plus the dough, cut the dough in the machine, you must also ferment the dough, and take
into account that in the diagram of processes diagram inspection times that are very
important for the product to have good quality.
 Process Flow Diagram
OTHER SUPPLIES BUTTER FLOUR
TRUCK UNLOADING

2
flour NJ =1
NT= 0.6 hours
1 3

flour STORAGE
2 days

MIX PREPARATION
1 2 3
NJ=2
NT=1.6 HOURS
4
PACKAGED AND
NJ= number of jobs CONFORMED
NJ=6
NT= time rule 5
NT=0.7 MN
BAKED
6 NJ=2
SUMMARY
NT=0.6 MN
QUALITY INSPECTION
Operation= 7 NJ=1
1
NT=0.2 MN
TRANSFER TO THE
Storage= 3 SALES AREA

1 23m
Inspection= 1
WAIT IN AREA OF SALE
NJ=3
Deley= 1 NT=0.2 MN

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

7 CUSTOMERS
Process Travel Diagram
Company Name: Bakery Analyst: Christian Gerónimo Date: June 25, 2018

Process: Making Bread Area: a bakery Type of diagram: Travel

Page: 1 of 1

2 mts

4
Summary

Description Symbol # of steps Time( min) Distance(meters)

Operation 4 97.3 0

Inspection 1 0.2 0

Combined 0 0 0

Transportation 4 23 13.6

Delay 1 0.2 0

Storage 1 0

Total 1 120.7 13.6

Conclusions

 The mainly applied diagrams on industry are: the operation process diagrams,
process flow diagram and process travel diagram.
 These are mainly use to analyze the efficiency and quality of a process in the
transformation of a product, by name we can say that the operation process diagram
analyzes the operation on the process, the process flow diagram, analyze the
movement of the materials and operations on the process as well the time it takes
on every step of it, and the process travel diagram analyze the distances of the
product on every step It has to pass by.
 On the bakery we can apply the 3 diagrams because they made their own bread and
sale it, so we had a great place to analyze.
 The use of the different type of diagrams is based in what do you want to analyze, if
you want an analysis base on how the product is made, or how much time you spend
doing it, or how much time and space is requiring to transform the product and see
if it could be improving.
References

 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industrial-engineering-2/operation-process-and-
flow-process-chart-with-diagram/90465
 Technical English 3 Booklet
Annexes

Header
Header is a word that can be translated as "header" or "header"
Summary
I wrote a summary of the book for its back cover
Operation
the fact or condition of functioning or being active.
Inspection
careful examination or scrutiny.
Combined operation
are operations conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the
accomplishment of a common strategy, a strategic and operational and sometimes tactical
cooperation. Interaction between units and formations of the land, naval and air forces, or
the cooperation between military and civilian authorities
Effiency
The state or quality of being efficient, or able to accomplish something with the least waste
of time and effort; competency in performance.
Productivity
Productivity
describes various measures of the efficiency of production. A productivity measure is
expressed as the ratio of output to inputs used in a production process, i.e. output per unit
of input
Analyst
An analyst is an individual who performs analysis of a topic.
Sequence
a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other.
Number
an arithmetical value, expressed by a word, symbol, or figure, representing a particular
quantity and used in counting and making calculations and for showing order in a series or
for identification.
Storage
the action or method of storing something for future use.
Delay
make (someone or something) late or slow.
Transportation
the action of transporting someone or something or the process of being transported.
Transformation
a thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance.
Quality
the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of
excellence of something.
Symbol
a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process,
e.g., the letter or letters standing for a chemical element or a character in musical notation.
Assembly
an assembling or coming together of a number of persons, usually for a particular purpose
Diagram
a simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure, or workings of something; a
schematic representation.
Travel
to go from one place to another, as by car, train, plane, or ship; take a trip; journey
Standard
it meant 'banner, barrier', coming from abroad.
Raw materials
the basic material from which a product is made.
Checking
examine (something) in order to determine its accuracy, quality, or condition, or to detect
the presence of something.
Forklift
a vehicle with a pronged device in front for lifting and carrying heavy loads.
Transfer
move from one place to another.