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;,~ ~',,,,, ", "'''. ""' "'. M""'I,_ '.,1,,,,. " 'm.' '''0 VOLUME ONE. NUMBER ONE
/fhi' is,the very fi.... l is,ue of 1600. We will,on this equipment from 15 ,ile. aCrOSS the COUn"}' un the
p.ge, nplaiR OUr motive, and what the galli, are twelfth and thirteenth of Ihe month (.pon.ored' by a
which we hope 10 achieve Wilh thi, publication. grant from the folk' al GTE). many of our conlect,
The id.a for 1600 wa:; born early in 1983, We saw a were los,t beca~,e they feared the consequencc, of
lremend'ou! need for 'orne form of communication continuing. Two organization,. the Inner Circlo and
between those who truly appreciate the concepl of PHA LSE. """ro deeply affected by the raid,. The laUor
communication' technological enthu,iasts. Of cou"". group (whese initials signify Phreakers, Hackers. and
others havo different way, of describing such pe<>plt_ Laundromat Service Employeo,) i' 'till in contact with
these rang< from word, like hacker or phreaker to i l l 00 occa.ion and has promised to comribute many
strongor tonos .U<:h a. criminar or anarchi.t. Our articles devoted 10 just what was really going On.
purpo'" i' not to pass judgemont. 2600 o~i". to So iuoem, that the events of 1983 have.on.pired to
provide information all<! idea. I" individual, who Jive actually $lung/hen the ,resolve of hack." and
for both. All oilhe iteJ115 ~ontained "n tbeso ...geur. phreakers across,the c"uotry to put "ut thi. moMhly
provided for informational purpuses "Diy. 1600 newslettor. We hope you will help u. contin~e by
...umes 'no responsibility for any u... "'hleh thl. "~bscribing. ,preading the word ameng your friend',
Information may be put to. • and of course contributing articles and information,
Of eourse. a lot has changed ,inee our first day,. Since we are non-profil, i't roally doesn't mal1orlO uS if
War Games came out, And then Ihe 414 gang got you xer"x your copy and sond it to someone el.. -all
caught. Sl>ddenly everyono was talking ab<>ut we ~sk i. that you let u, know so thaI we can hayt a
phreakers and hackers. And while ihere were ,om'e rough idea of how many people we're reaching.
that sort ofjumped ,nto the limelight, others were a bit 2600 ha, ..veral section., SOJIle of which will appear
more cantiow;, in fact, ,ome were quite np,et. Snre. every mon'h. others on an irregular basis. On thl" the
'he publicity was fuo. But what would be the cost? front page. and on, page IW", you' will always fInd
Wdl. time has passed and th. cost has been high, informative full-Ienglh foatur6 on relevant subject'.
Phreakers and hackers have beenJorced into virtual FUI~re 'opics include: "A Guide to Long Distance
i,olation, Raids by the FBI have b<!;ome almo.1 Telephone Service, and Their 'Villnerabililie,n. «DEC
commonplaee. The one magazine that wa, geared and Theil' Many Mi,tak..··. ~Phrealting in the
t"wards phone phreaks (TAP) my'teriously disap- Sixties'''' and "Tracing Methods Used by the Law~, as
ppred at the height of the crisis. ,parking rumours wclla. any la,e-broaking items. "FLASH"appears on
tllat they, too, had been raided. Ho"""ver. in page 3 and proviriCs a roundup of limely new, items
November, the m'ago.ine rosurfaced. with an wrineo from a lechnological e"thu,ia"', perspective.
e~planation that a fire had dostroyed part of their Page 4 is used for a variety of things .. _interesting
mailing list. (lnc,dentally. if your name wa' one of tho stories from Ihe pa't. ,chemes and plot, that just might
ores that was lost. you can claim the issues you are work. and feedback from 'nbscribe", Tho I." 'wo
entitled to by sending lAP a copy of their mailing pages of 2600 are coml'ri.ed of data, Just whal 'Ort of
label or a cancelled check.1 data. we CannOt say. However. if it is ,omething [hat
And then'there wo, the Iegendarycomp~terbulleti'n you ore looking for. the" you "'ill prob.bly recogni,e
O ", d known a, OSU..'V y, Enth~,iaot' from all across
~
i"
[ 0 couotry called' up thi, board and left messages The throe hole, on eaoh page ",rvc a purpo,". We
r nging from the I,ato't in..sprint code' 10 how to cro,h 'ugge't Ih., )'''U ohtnin a loo.. -Ieaf book '0 that ;'00
an RSTS ry,Jcm tO'what to do once you've flnally can neatly file every i"ue "f !~(lfl Y"u recei"e.
gained .ccess 10 Autovon, Within a wee~ after being Ma"y thank, '0 [h",e of yon wl,o ,ubscrihcd
*.'
m'en'ioned in 11',."..':','..... OSUN Ywa, disconnecled. wi[hout even ,eeing an i."uc A word of ad"i,,".
Word ha, it that the)iare 'till in e',i"ence somewhere. tl"'ugh' do,,'t do it ag"in or y(llI'lI p",b"bly gel ripped
but by'invitalion only, A truly ,,,,,,it move',ifthal is "tfI Wo'd "I", like ", [I",nk th",c wh" w"k advan'agc
the,c'''c. of n" r free i.",," "Iler. If in[cr"'ted or' '''h,,''ihiag. tho
Maoy hackers were keeping'" I"w profile even rate, and '''ldre'' ean be round a[ [he 'op "fthi' page,
hcf"", ,he O<i"bcr raid,. Whe" [hc 1'111 coufi,cuted Welc"me [n !Mifi. Tur" the p"g~ "nd heen",e" pm'
"I' """ "niqtl~ worl~1
FBI GOES AFTER ADS HACKERS
HM must press charges before action can be taken - Feds reveal their tactics, blow source
On this fXIge we had originally planned to run an L.A. .to Denver to upstate New York. So we hovc a
article entitled: ESS - Orwell" Prophecy_ A I the lasl ~nre of individuals that we are still looking at that
minute, however, we recej~ed this bombShell from an are using your system and then we have this peri·
anonyma",. contributor. It seems that a group of phe'al that we are not a, concerned about because
had,e" wm making use of on" of IBM's ADS sy!J. they are not part of an out & out conspiracy or an
lems. (Audio Dis/rib", tion Systems "Mole users with organized network, per se. I know of at least 8 or 10
touch.tone phones to send !JOIce messages baak and that are the central figures in this, the carryover
forrl, If) each, other. Look {or an 'n.depth article on hom TelemaiL And we keep hearing information of
them in a future is.ue.) Unfortunately, as f. all too other people who are calling in with junk message;-
often the case, oM of these hackers was really an there's no real substance to their messages, Now the
FBI in(ormanl who was taking not'; of all of the reason I know that is that they have indudcd one of
Weg/timat" users (aumnd 40 or so). Luckily for my sources of information orito their system and ,0
this pan/culer gro.tP, the '''formant was sloppy ""d he gets messagCll from the other parties.
I,,(t many telltaM' clues whiCh gave them literally
months of warni"!. So, whe." the, 'informant de.- The Communist Connection
cIded to send a mesMI1""to 'the system operator, In a way we're somewhat fortunaw that it', 16-
adu,.ing IBM to take actinn 'against the hackers year.olds or 26-year.olds as opposed to ,people from
and to call the FBI for more inform<ttion., the behind the Iron Curtain. It gives us th.e opportunity
hackers were ready, The .ystem 0p,erntor's account to see how these systems work and see if we can plug
had also been penetrated by, them and heMe, the lllIy loophole. before somebody hom a not-friendly
mes8~ge Was received by the hackers first! One of mltion ,would try the same thing. I personally fully
them actWJlly (allowed the in.tructions in ,the expect it - I'm surprised it h.asn't happened in the
·mesMge and called the FBlI And for some reason, past; It may have, We just haven't caught it; But the
the inuestigator there thought he was t4/hing to kids are a little bIt sloppier and they're getting
an IBM elCecuttue. This is some o{what he Mid. caught., . I hate to sound paranoid, but we're sup·
posed .to be considering the big picture as far as is
One of the indiViduals that supplies me with In- there anything sensitive in nature. For us within the
formation from time to time has uncovered a lot of bureau, sensitive in nature first off meanS national
abuse within the ADS systems, not only here in 'the security and you've got corporate trade secrets and
United States, but ill England and Italy. I talk to ,the like that you don't need being distributed.
this illdividual on a private hutietin board..•
We have no ability to come in as lllI outside in- How the FBI Win. Trust and Gels Info
vestigative or law enforcement agency lllId do any· The .ubjects have an ego problem and they love to
thing about it because, first off, we don't have a talk to other individuais about what they are capable
complainant, We don't want to step on lllIybody's of doing and bragging about it. They'have a tendency
toes, but it's beell our pohcy to monitor bulletin to trade information. Everything is negotiable with
boards and the phone phreaking activity acrOSS the them. We have never had to barwr away II\'cess to
oountry and advise commercial computer systems "lid sy.tems - we do it more On the technical infohnation
oorporat\om if we 'do discover certain computers of phone networks, computer systems, and the like
.:long with the passwords and account numbers being to where it's mOre of a technical information tradeoff
oublished On the board. We do this on a One on one as opposed to an access tradeoff, [An example would
oasis. be the] login procedure for a PDP-H. You integrate
The GTE Telemail Connection yourself Within their confidence'and their drcle of
That was my baby, too! As a matter of fact, that's friends. You feed them a little bit of bait a"ld a lot
tOw we came across the ADS sy.tem - through the of times they'll go for ft. You enter into a dialogue
3TE investigation. [ThClle) people are not just in- with them,and they end up taking you for a ride;
;ere,ted in data communication, through. terminals- These people are very hungry for technical avenue,
bey will leave voice mCllsages on an ADS. We have through which they can communicaw, It used to be
,een slowly uncovering mOre and more on the ADS the personal computer bulletin ,boards - public
n the last two months. messagCll that anybody can read. You start finding
The major phase of [the Talemail investigation] out that they leave a phone number or lllI address -
vas about 20 individuals that we had located' and lllId you start finding out who ,the parties are, There's
dentified and we're looking for indictments on most thousand. of these bulletin boards acro;" the country
,f them coming down in the ne"t month or two. and you narrow in on maybe twenty or so that are
Ve're talking about a group' of highly organized the more hardcore bulletin boards that are being used
'eople that do communicate On a daily basis all the for exchange of illicit information. Then they mOve
,ay across the country - from San Francisco alld from there to an electronic mail 'ervice. namely GTE
(C"",lm,,'" on ,,,,,'k f,age)
GTE raids still have many unanswered MeanWhile, a GTE Telenet spoke' person said that Ihe
questions-computer owners concerned corporation atill intends to prosecute and denied thaI Ihe
whole thing was being put on for Ibe deterrenteffectlbal it
On W~dn ..day, October 12, al 6:00 AM, the FBI started might have on nther people. The .pokesperson also said thaI
to raid the hom.. of ov~r fifteen indlvidusls for allegedly abuse on the system. was di.cover.d in the past, but they
breaking imo T~lemsil,. GTE Telenet's massive ele<:tronic didn't prosecute at that time. Tbi< time, though, they're
mail service. While much of Ihe publicily"as now died ,eriou•.
down, queslions remain conceming the legality and Ibe
overall implications of sucb compuler seizure•.
AT&T Credit Cards Make Debut
At a December 16 meeting of ihe Long Islaod Compuler ""'" N.~ <on'''''
A.sociation, Ihis lopic was addressed. Some members could There's .now another way to pllce telephone calls without
nol understand Ihe ralionale for taking away the compulers dime•. Th", month, lhe "tmew AT&T credit card phones are
in Ih. firsl place. "It .ound,lik. scare tactic$ to me. .. to keep rna.king their debut in variou.,.airports around Ihe cO""lry.
these kids off ofcomputers,~one commenled, "To hold the Th'" new phone actually take. an AT&T credit card (not
equipment seems like .omething tbal sbould be unlawful tho.e wimpy ~calJjng cards" or "PIN cards." We're talking
and it's ,omething Ihat lhe public should look at, Ifit's not aboul a rea' hunk of plast.ic, witb a magnetic strip and
justified, we should .ay Ihat we won't put up wilh it anymore everything.) - and tbere'. even a lillie viden sereen that
and to return Ihe equipmenl." He did nol elaborate on gives you direction,.
pr""i,ely what kind of action Jl computer group such as Unles, some sort of a bug can be found within tltesislem
L1CA could take. itself, phone phreaks won't accomplish very much here,
Legally, the computers can,be kepi for as .Jong a. Ihey are unless IheX can actually get their hand. on other people'.
needed in Ihe investigalion. Ultimately, a judge wilr decide card •. Th,s, 10 it,elf, wnuldn'l be too difficult, since large
bow long Ihat can be. ' numbers ol'lhe cards would be sent out on the same day in a
'"The aUegalion, ~ said an all ..rney familiar wilh the case, particular area. Slealing out of personal mailboxes. though,
"is thallbe .ervice. of the Telemail bullelin boards were used IS an act lPost phone plu-eaks would never SlOOp to. And the
and the theory that tbe g..vernment is proceeding under is folks al AT&T are well aware of this.
that it was a violation of Seetion 1343, wire fraud (a .cheme Wireless phones spell trouble
wilh inlention 10 defraud someone else using either
lelevision, telephone, or some olher communicalions
means). They're s.ayinltbal if there was use of Ihe huUelin
h04rd service, then thafWaS a 'thefl ofservice' and there w'as
intention 10 defraud GTE." •
--- With cordle.. phones popping up all over the place,
prohlems were bound to arise. lt'l not al all unC0mmon to
hear another cordless conversation on ynur phone or 10hear
One member took GTE's side. '1"hese are aU nice games ,the ele<:tronic pulse-beeping when you're not even dialing.
these people are playing. but lhey are a theft of service, Then there are cordle.. phone phteah to deal Wilh, who
Somebody is in the busin.., ..f providing lhal service and drive into heavily populated zones holding one of Ihe
they're deliberately interfering with thek providing Ihat commOn cordless modeb. It's 'caUed "cruising for
service. They're trying to get ....mething for nOlhing." diallones. w ~nd some phones are nice enough 10 broadcasi
Another disagreed. "You may he on Iheir computer, but your conversation on ao AM frequency. This feature iso't
ii'S not costing them anything. if you're not taking up time. very good for privale conversalion,. It helped shape a recent
Unless Ihe ,,!,hole system i, fully u,ed and you were the last drug bustin lhe stale of New York~
user on, are' you .really using any of their lime? Really and Recently... lady in the Midwest caUed up ber local electric
truly1" , company to teil·them that ,he w... going to he away for twn
Many hackers felt they were unju,t1y accused. One even montllS. A member of the 2600 Club heard this on his radio
said he'd never used the Telemail ly5tem. Others said they and, being in a goO<l moO<l, called her and told her that
had looked around once or twice but had never hurt important, personal bU$iness sbould neoe, he discussed on
anything. Others. though, admitted I" deleting mail and cordles. phones. AfteJ Ihanking bim, she eXclaimed, '"That
playing tric,,", like sending obscene me....ges back and forth thing's,going righl back 10 the Phonecenter Store!"
hetween Iwo innoa:ni e"",,utives.
Whether ornot the Telemail S}'Item.wUU$ed fraudulently 1-984 arrives in Hong Kong
did nOI seem to he the overriding i~.allheLlCA meeting. '''j.oo ~""", n_
What had memben'fhere worrlod wasthe way in whiCh the In an effort to "dilcourage people from drivmg their cars
investigation wa. beillg -Carried oUI. When dealing with in heavily congesled are..... all 350,000 of Hong Kong"
computers as evidence, different rule. apply, rule.·that for motor vehicles will be fitted with tracking devices that will
the most part have not heen"written yet. "Data ean he let government eomputers know exactly where e.eh car hM
manilfactured jolt a. easily as il can he erased from a traveled so thai the owner can he billed for road u,e. This
personal compltter," one member commented. "And th~ system could he in full implementation by 1987, if lhe
I..nger thatlhey have the'computer in lheir custody, the less governmenl has its way. Such asystem would .lloaliowthe
likely that the informalion that lhey claim'is on it was police to quickly pinpoint lhe whereabouts of any vehicle.
actually U>ore. Beca",e, a. we know, you could en.ter any Tampering with the 145 tracking devices will be illeg.1 and
date, any time into the computer and have il date- and time- any allempt to do so will" lrigger ,treet earner., to
<tamp the file•. w photograph the Iicen.e plate of the ear.
THE TRUTH BEHIND THOSE 9999 NUMBERS
by Mark Bluebux been pro.ided by the National Bureau of Standards for
Once upun a time. I was talking to One of my favurite WWV and that number is 1_800_951_9999," Imagine my
friend•. une of the natiun', uldest and most experienced surpriscr Once again. the number had been broad e."
all
telephone enthnsia"'~··some might refer to him as a phone around the world. People in many, many nation. now had
ph reak. In this particular conversation, he mentioned to me tbat number. Of course, the number only worked ;n,idethe
that I might want to experiment with a ,erie, of 800 United States, but Ihe word was being spread by shortwave
numbe", 'exchange, starting with 9, followed by Ihe suffix li.teners and QS L people' ".erywhere,
9999 (800·9x.-W99). And '0 I did, and a whole new world The number waS gelling swamped. Needle.. lOsay, il was
hcgan to npen up in frOnl of me. busy much of the lime. A government official, who olso had
They were mu.t1y weather and time numbe" in variou' thi, number, thinking thaI i, was legitimate, called up WWV
localion, throughout the country. And, ,ince the,e were 800 and complained. He told them thatlhey needed 1<> add .Ome
numbers. there was NO CHARGE! One number ;n '0
more lines their new 800number. Thegeneralmanagetof
particular was of a great deal of interest to me and to many lhe "ation ,aid, "I don', know whm you',.., lalkingaboul. I
nthe". This .wa. 801).957-9999. which hooked up tu WWV, don', know of any 800 number that gel. you WWY,"
the radio "atiu'n operated' by the Natiunal Bureau of The government officiat lold him what Ihe telephone
Standard. thaI does nuthing hnt tell the time and give number was. The ge",,,al manager called il and heard his
.horlwave repurts. ThiU~ the.·most accurate. clock in Ihe own station. Astounded, he contacted the Mountain BeU
entire world! You either have 10 lune WWV in on a Telephone Company in Denver. Coiorado. They said,
,hortwave recei,er or dial 303--499-71 I J ;n Fort Collin" "Vou're not paying for any 800in-WA TS number. We,how
Colorado, Vel, here I was withan 800acce.. ! Beinga bit ola 3-O3-499-7111 for WWV, but we don't have any 800-957-
shortwave enthusiast, 1 don't have to tell you how
convenient this was for me, Unfortunately, ;t got too
cunvenient for to<> many people. '
""" Mountain Bell checked it out and ,ure enough, the
number existed bUI not on Iheir records. No one was getting
I guess I made the mistake of giving it tu a former cha'1led for thisl Now, of course, you know a monopoly as
pre.ident of a large amateur radio dub in the Dallas area. well" I do-they're sure not going to let anyone havea free
He, in lurn, printed it in the Amateur Radio NeWsbulletin ride, Sn they told the WATS coordinator to find nut what
where thousand. of people probably ·saw it. Another happened, He finally made ·the discovery Ihat some
'tatewide new. bulletin picked it up and printed it. Through tec~nician. had hooked that number up fnr transmission
an amaleur radio new. network whieh·.this bulletin was a testing, [lbe...witching teehnicians are toll technician.,
part of, the news got as far a. California:', AT&T Long Lines switching lechnician" and carrier "~
One day, lealled up Ihe West Link AmatelJr Radio New. system. technician•. In Olher word., they're the group of
Service at 2J3-768_7)33. (This is a ,ervice loe)ue<! in Wesl people who link .witching cenle" together, from New Vork
Link, California that broadcast' new, over amateur radio, to Los Angele., for example. In this ca.e, Ihe whole
VHF, UHF, etc.) Their lale't report had Ihis lillie item, e.capade was a kind of group effort. The switchmen and Ihe
~Speaking of interesting things, the National Bureau of carrier people gOt together and set up this number for
Slandard, has got a very convenient time number for Ihose testing, finding noi.y carriers, carriers with cross-talk on
of yon that are not constanlly at a ,hortwave re""iver. Vou them, etc.)
can dial 1-800-957-9999 for WWV. It's just another good The WAT$ coordinalor told Ihem they'd bener get this
toll-free ,ervice fur u. tu ""e." The avalanche had really number off-,-IO<> many people knew about it, He told them
begun now. 10 erase every 800 test line number Ihat was on the ,ystem.
The Wl'St Link repurl.was heard un bulletin station. all Not surprisingly, someone also gOI ehewed out very
around the world and, apparently, One .Ialiun in Nashville, '".everely.
Tenne""" broadca.t it. From there it fell into the hands of So, consequently, 800-957-9999 i. nO longel in existence,
one of the writers for the OX program on Radio South , But sin"" Ihen, Ie.. than Iwo weeks later, several ollhe 800
Africa! I happened lu be listening to a program wherelheY ; test numbers have begun to defiantly reappear, Check
were talking ahuut pnlling in distant time stations, .weather around, you']] probably /iod a few interesting ones. But I
stations, elc. He then mentioned, ~For those of you tbatlive 'doubl if WWV', brief stint as a loll_free .e",ice will ever be
in the United Stales, a convenient toll-free 800 number hil, ! repeated,
~
Office of the President Oi,..,., of .d •••", S'<ph<n M. Slllddon ,~,
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This her,' paKe is usualfl" a continuation ofpage 5. However, when wt' Kef a blockbuster HOlT
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as tong as we've got you looking up at this pari oflhe page, Whl' not take the time tosendus
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