Sampling can be used to make deduction on a population or to generalize in

connection to existing theory. Sample is the subset of population and it has to be

representative in order to make the deduction accurately (Banerjee & Chaudhury, 2010;

Taherdoost, 2018).

Cluster sampling technique is used in this research. Two intact group (classes) but not

individual is selected as sample. The advantages of this sampling technique are requires

lesser time, lesser expenses and more convenient. Cluster sampling performed in this research

in cluster selection called multistage sampling. There are two stages involved in the selection

of the sample. In the first stage, choose a school randomly from Chinese independent high

school in Penang state. In the second stage, choose two classes randomly from a school.

Two sample classes are randomly selected from Senior 2 in school A. Both classes

having the similar academic level. One of the classes is set as control group that will apply

conventional learning method to conduct teaching and learning while another one as

experimental group that will apply game-based learning method to conduct teaching and

learning.

The sample size depends on the type of research involved. The minimum sample size

needed in every group is 30. Researcher select 60 participants as sample for two groups.

Control group consists of 30 students and experimental group consists of 30 students. To

determine whether the students’ standard and ability are comparable, a pretest has to be

conducted.

Test Number of Item Validation

Probability Performance Pretest 10 Validate by Mathematics
expert
Probability Performance PostTest 10 Validate by Mathematics
expert
Attitude Questionnaire for Probability 40 Cronbach alpha value
0.91
 Post Perception Questionnaire for 9 Cronbach alpha value
Game-Based Learning 0.89

3.5.1 PERFORMANCE TEST IN MATHEMATICS PROBABILITY

The probability performance test was developed by researcher based on United

Chinese School Committees Association (UCSAM) Senior 2 Mathematics Curriculum

Standard. There are two parts in the test: pretest and posttest; and the contents of tests are

different. The pretest questions are taken from junior syllabus of set and upper form of simple

probability topic to make sure two groups of students are in the same mathematic level. The

posttest questions are selected from Senior 2 textbook probability chapter to compare the

results of control and experimental group. Both tests consist of 10 subjective questions. The

pretest is conducted before any treatment, while posttest is conducted after treatment given to

two groups of students: control group and experimental group. The duration for both tests is

60 minutes.

The performance test is validated by two Mathematics expert teacher and Head of

Mathematics Department who are experienced in teaching mathematics for more than 10

years (Appendix A) and a pilot test is conducted at School A for its reliability.