TOPIC 4: INTRODUCTORY ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND ALKANES

1 What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane
B 4-methyl-3-methylhexane
C 2,3-diethylbutane
D 3,4-dimethylhexane

Your answer

(1)
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 Ethanol is formed when bromoethane reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide:

CH3CH2Br + KOH → CH3CH2OH + KBr
What type of reaction is this?

A substitution
B elimination
C reduction
D addition

Your answer

(1)
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

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3 Ethane, C2H6, reacts with bromine to form bromoethane, CH 3CH2Br.
The mechanism is similar to the one for the reaction of methane with chlorine.
(In parts (b)–(d) the use of curly arrows is not needed.)
(a) State the type of mechanism involved.
(1)

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(b) Write an equation to show the initiation step in the mechanism.
(1)

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(c) Write two equations to describe the propagation step in the mechanism.
(2)

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(d) Explain, with the help of an equation, why butane is a trace product of this
reaction.
(1)

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(e) State how ethane, butane and bromoethane may be separated from one
another.
(1)

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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

4 (a) State what is meant by the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

(1)

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(b) Write the general formula for the alkane homologous series.
(1)

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 (c) Branched-chain structural isomers are possible for alkanes which have
more than three carbon atoms.

(i) State what is meant by structural isomers.

(1)

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(ii) Name the two isomers of hexane shown below

H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3 isomer 1
(1)

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H3C–C(CH 3)2–CH2–CH3 isomer 2

(1)

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(iii) Draw the displayed formulae of one of the other branched chain isomers
of hexane.
(1)
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

5 The hydrocarbon dodecane (C12H26) can be cracked to form octane and ethene.
(a) Write the equation for this reaction
(1)

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(b) Name the type of fission that dodecane undergoes when being cracked.
(1)

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(c) State the industrial process that octane undergoes to form petrol.
(1)

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 (d) The isomer of octane is 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Draw its skeletal formula.
(1)

(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)

6 Within a car engine, octane undergoes incomplete combustion.

(a) Write the balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of octane to
form carbon, carbon dioxide and water.
(1)

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(b) Name a fuel that gives only water as its exhaust gas.
(1)

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(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSESSMENT = 20 MARKS

© Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.