University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun

Tutorial Sheet
Course: B. Tech. Subject: Mathematics I
Partial Differentiation

 3u  3u
1. If u= x y , show that = .
x 2 y xyx
r2
 1     
2. If  = t n e 4t , find the value of n which will make 2 r
2
= . Ans: n=-3/2
r  r  r  t
2
3.  3 3 3  
If u=log x  y  z  3xyz , show that  
  

  u = 
9
x  y  z2
 x y z 
 2z
4. If x x y y z z =c, show that at x=y=z, = x log ex1 .
xy
2 2 2 2u 2u 1
5. If u=f(r), where r = x + y , prove that + 2
=f’’(r) + f’(r).
2 r
x y
6. If x=r cos  , y=r sin  , prove that
r x 1 x   2  2
(i) = (ii) =r (iii) + =0.
x r r  x x 2 y 2

2
x2 y2 z2
2 2
 u  +  u  +  u  =2  x u  y u  z u  .
7. If + 2 + =1, prove that    
a2  u b  u c2  u  x   y   z   x
 y z 
z z
8. If z= e axby f (ax-by), show that b +a =2abz.
x y
 3u
= (1+3xyz+ x y 2 z 2 ) e xyz .
2
9. If u= e xyz , prove that
xyz
y 2 1 x 2u x2  y2
10. If u= x 2 tan 1 - y tan , find the value of . Ans: 2 .
x y xy x  y2
2z  2z
11. If z=f (x +ay) +  (x-ay), prove that 2
= a2 .
y x 2
12. If V=f(r), where r 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , then prove that
2u 2u 2u 2u 2 u
+ + = + .
x 2
y 2 z 2 r 2 r r

2
x2  y2  z z   z z 
13. If z= , show that,    =4  1    .
xy  x y   x y 
  
1
  2 , show that 
2
V 2V 2V
14. If V= x 2  y 2  z 2 + + =0.
x 2 y 2 z 2

1
 Euler’s Theorem

1. If u is a homogeneous function of degree n in x and y, then show that,

2 2u 2u 2
2  u
x +2xy + y =n (n-1) u.
x 2 xy y 2

u u
2. If F (u) =V (x, y, z), where V is a homogeneous function in x, y and z, then prove that x +y
x y
u F( u)
+z y=n .
z F ' ( u)
u u 9
3. If u= ( x 1 / 4 + y 1/4 ) ( x 1 /5 + y 1/5 ), apply Euler’s theorem to find the value of x +y .Ans: u
x x 20
x z z x
4. If z= x 4 y 2 sin 1   +logx-logy, show that x +y =6 x 4 y 2 sin 1   .
 y
y x y  
 xy  yz  zx 
5. If u= cos  , prove that x u  y u  z u =0.
 x2  y2  z2  x y z
 
u u u  3 3
1  x  y  z 
3
6. Show that x y z =2tanu, where u= sin .
x y z  ax  by  cz 
 
x y 
3 3 2 2 2
7. If u= tan 1   , prove that x 2  u  2 xy  u  y 2  u =sin4u-sin2u.
 xy  x 2 xy y 2
 
 
1  x  2 y  3z  u u u
8. If u= sin   , show that x y z =-3tanu.
 x8  y8  z8  x y z
 
x4  y4 u u
9. If u=log , show that, x y =3.
xy x y
 xy 
10. If u= sin 1   , prove that x u  y u = 1 tanu.
 x y x y 2
 
y y
11. If u=x        , show that,
x x
u u y 2u 2u 2
2  u
(i) x y =x    (ii) x 2  2 xy  y =0
x y x x 2 xy y 2

12. Verify Euler’s theorem for the functions:

x 1/4 y 1/4 x2  y2
(i) u = (ii) u=log .
x 1 /5  y 1 /5 xy

x y u u
13. If u= sin 1   + tan 1   , then find the value of x y . Ans:0
 x x y
y

2
  x2  y2 
14. If u= sec1   , show that x u  y u =cotu.
 xy  x y
 
1
 1 /3  y 1 /3 2 2 2 2
15. If u= sin 1  x  , show that, x 2  u  2 xy  u  y 2  u = 1 tanu ( sec 2 u +12).
 x 1 /2  y 1 /2  x 2 xy y 2 144
 
Change of Variable

du
1. If u= x 2 - y 2 +sinyz, where y= e x and z=logx, find .
dx
  
Ans: 2 x  e 2 x + e x cos e x log x  log x    1
.
x

2. If u=x log (xy), where x 3  y 3 +3xy=1, find

du  .
x x2  y
y x  y 2 
Ans: 1+log (xy) -
dx
u u u
3. If u=f(r, s) and r=x+y, s=x-y, show that + =2 .
x y r
u u u
4. If u=f (y-z, z-x, x-y), prove that + + =0.
x y z
f  dz f 
5. If f (x, y) =0,  (y, z) =0, show that . . = . .
y z dx x y
 y   z   x 
6. If  (x, y, z) =0, show that       =-1.
 y 
 z  x  x  y  z
yx zx u 2 u 2 u
7. If u= u ,  , show that x 2  y  z =0.
 xy xz  x y z
2u 2u
8. Transform the equation + =0 into polar coordinates.
x 2 y 2
2u 1 u 1  2 u
Ans:  
r 2 r r r 2  2

9. If z is a function of u & v and u & v be two other variables such that u=lx+ my, v= ly - mx, show
 2z 2z
   2 z 
2
z
that + = l2  m2  2 
x 2 y 2  u v 2  .`
 
2u 2u  2u  2 u 
10. If x= e r cos  , y= e r sin  , show that + = e 2 r  2 
x 2 y 2  r  2 .
 
  2V 2V 2V
11. If x+y=2 e cos  , x-y=2i e sin  , prove that + =4xy .
 2  2 xy
2u 2u 2u 2u
12. Prove that + = +
x 2 y 2  2  2
where x=  cos  - sin  , y=  sin  + cos  .

3
 Expansion of functions of several variables

1. Expand e x sin y in powers of x and y as far as terms of third degree.

1 2 1
Ans: f (x, y) =y + x y+ x y - y3 .
2 6

y
2. Expand tan 1 in the neighborhood of (1, 1) and inclusive of second-degree terms. Hence compute
x
f(1.1,0.9) approximately.
y  1 1 1 1
Ans: tan 1 =  ( x  1)  ( y  1)  ( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2
x 4 2 2 4 4

1
12

( x  1) 3  3( x  1) 2 ( y  1)  3( x  1)(y  1) 2 , tan 1 
0.9 
= -0.1
1.1 4

(x  h )(y  k )
3. Expand in powers of h and k inclusive of second- degree terms.
xhyk
xy y2 x2 y2 2 xy x2
Ans: + h+ k- h 2
+ hk - k 2 +...
x  y x  y 2
x  y  x  y 
2 3
(x  y) 3
(x  y) 3

4. Expand x 2 y  3y  2 in powers of (x-1) and (y+2) using Taylor’s theorem

Ans: f (x ,y) =-10-4(x-1) +4(y+2)  2(x  1)2 +2(x-1)(y+2)+ (x  1)2 (y+2)

 
5. Expand e x cosy at  1,  .
 4

e    (x  1) 2    1  2 
Ans:  1  ( x  1)   y     ( x  1) y     y    ...
2
  4 2  4 2 4 
 
6. Expand sinxy in powers of (x-1) and  y   u``p to second degree terms.
 2
2
2     1 
Ans: 1  ( x  1) 2  ( x  1) y     y    ...
8 2  2 2 2

7. Expand x y in powers of (x-1) and (y-1) upto the third degree terms and hence evaluate (1.1).02 .
1
Ans: x y =1+(x-1) +(x-1) (y-1) + ( x  1) 2 ( y  1) +…., (1.1).02 =1.1021
2

8. If f(x,y)= tan1 (xy) ,compute an approximate value of f(0.9,-1.2).Ans:-0.823

Miscellaneous Problems

1. State and prove Leibnitz’s theorem.

2. State and prove Euler’s theorem for the partial differentiation of a homogeneous function.
 
3. Expand f(x, y)  e xy x 2  y 2 in powers of (x-1) and (y+1) by Taylor’s theorem.
 x  2 y  3z 
4. If u= sin 1   , show that x u  y u  z u =-7tanu
 x8  y8  z8  x y z
 
4