Review Article- Meta Analyze

The effect of Pilates exercise on static, dynamic, and functional stability of

the elderly: A meta-analysis study

Sharifmoradi K1*, Sayyah M2, Karimi MT3

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1- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
2- Trauma Research Center, Shahid-Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan,
I.R. Iran.
3- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Rehabilitation Faculty, Musculoskeletal Research Centre, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.

Received: 2018/09/4 | Accepted: 2019/06/19

Abstract:

Background: Increasing the elderly's balance through physical activity not only results in
improved health and increases the independence of the elderly, but also reduces the heavy
costs associated with the fall which imposed on family and society. Therefore, the purpose
of this study was to investigate and determine the benefits of the Pilates exercises on the
static balance, dynamic balance, and functional balance of the elderly.
Materials and Methods: The papers which was published from March 2010 to 2018 were
included in this study. The Pilates keywords were searched together with aging, elderly, and
old subjects. The research literature was done in the Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and
SID databases.
Results: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the Pilates exercises had a
significant and high effect size (P=0.000) on time up and go time (TUG) (Hedges g=1.078),
the significant and moderate effect size on the functional balance (Hedges g=0.685), and the
significant and low effect size on the static equilibrium (Hedges g=0.668).
Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis study showed that the Pilates exercises were
effective exercises to improve static, dynamic, and the functional balance in the elderly
subjects. More high-quality research is needed to examine the effect of the Pilates exercises
on other aspects of the balance in the elderly as well as assess the effectiveness of the Pilates
program in longer time and during the follow up program.

Keywords: Elderly, Meta-analysis, Pilates training, Rehabilitation, Sport

*Corresponding Author:
Email: ksharifmoradi@gmail.com
Tel: 0098 315 591 3735
Fax: 0098 315 591 3735 Conflict of Interests: No
Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, August, 2019; Vol. 23, No 4, Pages 442-454

Please cite this article as: Sharifmoradi K, Sayyah M, Karimi MT. The effect of Pilates exercise on static, dynamic and functional stability
of elderly, A meta-analysis study. Feyz 2019; 23(4): 442-54.

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 ‫اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪*1‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻮان ﺷﺮﻳﻒﻣﺮادي ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺳﻴﺎح ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪﺗﻘﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف‪ :‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل و ﻋﺪم واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬
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‫ﻣﻲاﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ از ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻘﻮط و ﻋﻮارض ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از آن ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻲﻛﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﺎ اﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪ 2018‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ‪ Pilates‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ‪aging, elderly, old‬‬
‫‪ ،subjects‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ‪ Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus‬و ‪ SID‬ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 228‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﻴﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 19‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫داد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري )‪ (P=0/000‬ﺑﺮ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪ ،(Hedges g=1/078) (TUG‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي )‪ (Hedges g=0/685‬و ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪ (Hedges g=0/353‬داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬
‫ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را ﺑﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬در ﻣﺪت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري اﺛﺮات آن را در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي‪ :‬ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ورزش‪ ،‬ﺗﻮانﺑﺨﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫دو ﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ– ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻓﻴﺾ‪ ،‬دوره ﺑﻴﺴﺖ و ﺳﻮم‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ ،4‬ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن ‪ ،98‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ‪  442-454‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ در اﻳﺮان و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎل از ‪ 8/2‬درﺻﺪ )در ﺳﺎل ‪ (2012‬ﺑﻪ ‪9/28‬‬
‫درﺻﺪ )در ﺳﺎل ‪ ،[8] (2016‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي و اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﺿﺮورت‬
‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤ‪‬ﻲ در ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي از ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻦ ]‪ [9‬دارد‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﺮوﻗﻲ ]‪ [10‬و دژﻧﺮاﺗﻴﻮ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‪-‬اﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻮﻛﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان و‬
‫آرﺗﺮﻳﺖ ]‪ [12،11‬ﻧﻴﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ دارد‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻲ را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ ]‪ .[14،13‬ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﮔﺮاﻧﺶ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺶ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ]‪ [15‬ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺲ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻘﻲ )ﭘﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻮﺳﭙﺘﻴﻮ( را‬
‫‪ .1‬اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر‪ ،‬ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖﺑﺪﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ادﺑﻴﺎت و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻳﺎدﮔﻴﺮي ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت و ﺗﻜﺮار ﺣﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞدﻫﻨﺪه ﺑﺪن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪﺗﺪرﻳﺞ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲرود و درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮگ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ]‪ .[1‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪه ازدﺳﺖدادن ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
‫اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ازدﺳﺖدادن ﺗﻮده ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﻮازي‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺤﺮك و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ ]‪ [2‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل ]‪ ،[3‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي راهرﻓﺘﻦ ]‪ ،[4،5‬داﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ]‪ [6‬و ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ]‪ [7‬و درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ‪ ‬زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﺮك آنﻫﺎ در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫روزﻣﺮه ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬارد‪.‬‬
‫اﻳﺮان‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪ .2‬داﻧﺸﻴﺎر‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﺮوﻣﺎ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﺷﺎن‪ ،‬اﻳﺮان‬
‫‪ .3‬داﻧﺸﻴﺎر‪ ،‬ﮔﺮوه ارﺗﻮﭘﺪي ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﺗﻮانﺑﺨﺸﻲ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪،‬‬
‫آﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﻮد ]‪ .[16‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎزﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮاز‪ ،‬اﻳﺮان ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‬ ‫* ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺆول‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ(‪ ،‬ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ ،‬ﺛﺒﺎت‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺮك‪ ،‬ﺛﺒﺎت ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ 6‬ﺑﻠﻮار ﻗﻄﺐ راوﻧﺪي‪ ،‬ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪8731753153‬‬

‫]‪ .[16‬اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ]‪ ،[17‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ]‪،[18‬‬ ‫دورﻧﻮﻳﺲ‪03155913735 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪09138160103 :‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‪ksharifmoradi@gmail.com :‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل درد ]‪ ،[19‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ]‪ ،[20‬اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي ]‪ [21‬و‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪1398/3/29 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪1397/6/13 :‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ]‪ [22‬ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮوري ﺟﺪﻳﺪ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬

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‫]‪ PICO .[28‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ادﺑﻴﺎت و‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﺳﺆال ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ]‪ .[23-25‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺧﺮوج از آن‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪه در ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎت و ﻣﺠﻼت ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫‪Downloaded from feyz.kaums.ac.ir at 8:07 +0430 on Thursday April 30th 2020‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ورزﺷﻲ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را ﺑﺮ روي‬
‫اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻦّ ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و از ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺮدان و زﻧﺎن از ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﮋادﻫﺎ و وﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﺴﻮن( در اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وارد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ اﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﺎرآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ را ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻜﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮوري از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻜﻴﺪهﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎن‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻓﺮدي و‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫‪PEDro‬‬ ‫ﭼﻚﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫)‪ (Physiotherapy Evidence Database‬ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪوﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ]‪ .[29‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ‪ PEDro‬ﻳﺎزده ﻣﻮرد را‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي واﺟﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﻦﺳﺎزي ﭘﻴﺶ از درﻣﺎن‪ ،‬آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮر‪ ،‬درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮان ﻛﻮر‪ ،‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﻮر‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺪ‬
‫درﻣﺎن‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ و ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎر را‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دادﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ را‬
‫داﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪد ‪ 1‬ﺑﻪ آن اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﻲﻳﺎﻓﺖ و اﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺎنﭼﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر در‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬ﻋﺪد ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺮاﻳﺶ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻣﺘﻴﺎزات ﻫﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ و‬
‫درﺻﻮرﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 5‬ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ؛ در ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ]‪ .[30‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ‪ PEDro‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﭘﺎﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮوري ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ در ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﺗﺮاﭘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪.[31‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ از ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن رواﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ‪ PEDro‬ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮوري در ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﺗﺮاﭘﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ )‪ 0/76‬و‬
‫‪ %95- CI=0/57‬و ‪.[29] (ICC=0/68‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﺟﺰ دو ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬زﺑﺎن ﻧﮕﺎرش ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‪،‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج دادهﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دو ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
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‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادهاﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل و اﻓﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ ]‪ [25-27‬و ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ]‪،[27،23-25‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺘﺎدن ]‪ ،[23،26‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺪرت ]‪ ،[25‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬
‫]‪ [25‬و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ ]‪ [26‬ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه داراي ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬
‫واردﺷﺪه در ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ]‪ [24‬و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﮔﺮ در‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ]‪ [23‬از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮي وارد‬
‫ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬زﻳﺮا ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت واردﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي از اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫داﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﮔﺮ در ﺗﻌﺎدل و ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮيﺷﺪه ﺗﻌﺎدل در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻛﺎرآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ]‪،[8‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‪ -‬درﻣﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺮوري ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺧﻼﺻﻪﻛﺮدن ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮديِ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﺧﻼق داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت از ﻣﺎرس ‪ 2010‬ﺗﺎ اﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪ 2018‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ‪ Pilates‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ‪aging,‬‬
‫‪ ،elderly, old subjects‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در‬
‫‪Medline, Embase, PubMed,‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫‪ Scopus, SID‬ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ‬
‫و ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ را‬
‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬وارد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (1‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ‬
‫اﺻﻴﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻛﺎرآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ و از ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺆاﻻت )‪ (PICO‬ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ورود ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬
 ‫اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪  ... ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫دادهﻫﺎي ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺷﺪه از ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ‪ 228‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان و ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 118‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 69‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪدﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪم ارﺗﺒﺎط‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﺬف و از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 49‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪ 19‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‪-‬‬
‫‪Downloaded from feyz.kaums.ac.ir at 8:07 +0430 on Thursday April 30th 2020‬‬
‫دﻟﻴﻞ دارا ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ‪ 2‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن‬
‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرش ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد‪ .‬اﻧﺪازه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت از ‪ 8‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 97‬ﻧﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت از ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ و در دﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ زﻧﺎن و ﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺮدان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ و ﻣﺪت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ورزﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺪت‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ورزﺷﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 26‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و در ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 70‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭼﺎپ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ‪ ،‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺪازه‪-‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮي آن‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪2‬‬
‫آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 890‬ﻧﻔﺮ آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 718‬ﻧﻔﺮ )‪ 80/67‬درﺻﺪ( زن و ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 172‬ﻧﻔﺮ‬
‫)‪ 18/33‬درﺻﺪ( ﻣﺮد و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت از ‪ 8‬ﺗﺎ ‪97‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺪتزﻣﺎن ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ‪ 60 ،50 ،45‬و‬
‫‪ 70‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪاي ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻣﺪتزﻣﺎن ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 1 ،17 ،1‬و ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮد‪ 60 .‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ )در ‪ 17‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ( را در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت داﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻚﺑﺎر‪ ،‬دو ﺑﺎر و ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎر و ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫‪ 9 ،2‬و ‪ 10‬ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ‪ 3‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ در‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ورزﺷﻲ ‪6‬؛ ‪،12 ،10 ،8‬‬
‫‪ 14‬و ‪ 26‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪ 12‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ]‪ [39-42‬و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ‪ 8‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ را داﺷﺖ ]‪ .[43-45‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ در ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 2‬آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺗﻜﺮارﺷﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪(TUG‬‬
‫)‪ 14‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي )‪ 6‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪ 7‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ( ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪  445‬‬
‫ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﻧﺘﺨﺎبﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺟﺰﺋﻲﺗﺮ و دﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‪ ،‬درﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎرض ﺑﻴﻦ آنﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪه‪ ،‬اﻣﺘﻴﺎزات ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ در ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﻮم ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ارﺟﺎع داده ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ (1 :‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ‪ (2‬ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و ‪ (3‬ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن روي‬
‫ﻳﻚﭘﺎ )ﺗﺴﺖ ﻟﻚﻟﻚ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ ‪ [32] Tenitti‬و ﺗﻌﺎدل روي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫‪(Kistler®,‬‬ ‫‪9286BA‬‬ ‫‪Winterthur,‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻮرس‬
‫)‪ Switzerlan‬اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ ]‪ .[33‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﺪتزﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪(time up and go TUG‬‬
‫]‪ [34‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ؛ زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﺮك‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮب ﻧﻴﺰ دارد ]‪ [35‬و ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ و رواﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ .[36‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي از‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﺮگ ) ‪Berg Balanced‬‬
‫‪ (Scale‬و ‪ Fullerton Advanced Balance‬اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ‬
‫]‪ [37‬زﻳﺮا ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮي ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و اﻳﺴﺘﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪.[38‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺘﺮوژﻧﻴﺘﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻛﻮﻛﺮان‬
‫)‪ (Cochrane Q test‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻫﺘﺮوژﻧﻴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮاوان در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت از ﻣﺪل اﺛﺮ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ )‪(Random model‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﻔﺎوت‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺻﻼحﺷﺪه ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (Hedges g‬ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﻔﺎوت‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺻﻼحﺷﺪه )‪ (0/2-0/5‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ‪-0/8) ،‬‬
‫‪ (0/5‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ‪ 0/8‬و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل اﺛﺮ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬
‫)‪ (Forest Plot‬ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ آورده ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

‫)‪ Diaz .(P>0/05‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫)‪ (Hedges g=1/078‬و ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار )‪ (P=0/000‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ]‪ .[52‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رﺣﻤﺎﻧﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫)‪ ،[47] (Hedges g=1/355‬آرادﻣﻬﺮ )‪،[46] (Hedges g=1/252‬‬
‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران )‪ Mesquita ،[45] (Hedges g=2/141‬و‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران )‪ Oliveira [51] (Hedges g=1/150‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
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‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‬
‫در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬اﺛﺮات را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ]‪ .[46-51،43‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ]‪ [51‬ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﺑﺴﺘﻪ ]‪ [50‬و ﭼﺸﻢﺑﺎز ]‪ ،[51،50‬اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن روي‬
‫ﻳﻚﭘﺎ ]‪ [46-49،43‬و ﺗﻨﻴﺘﻲ )‪ [43] (Tennitti‬ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﻧﻤﻮدار‬

‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Kovach‬‬ ‫]‪،[49‬‬ ‫‪(Hedges‬‬
‫)‪ Viera ،[56] (Hedges g=1/689‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران )‪Hedges 3/364‬‬
‫=‪ Bird ،(g‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران )‪ [54] (Hedges g=0/836‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫و ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار )‪ (P<0/001‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫دادﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺪت دوره ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 8‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ )‪(Hedges g=1/476‬‬
‫]‪ 12 ،[56،54،47،45‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ )‪(Hedges g=1/085‬‬
‫]‪ [55،49،48،39-41‬و ‪ 6‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ )‪Hedges 0/853‬‬
‫=‪ [52،51،46] (g‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي )ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪(3‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫]‪ [53،51،49،45،42،41‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ‪ [53،51،49،42] BERG‬را و دو ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫)‪ [45،41] FAB(Fullerton Advanced Balance‬را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫)‪ (Hedges g=1/791‬و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري )‪ (P=0/000‬در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان دارﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪g=1/484‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ (1‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري )‪ (P=0/000‬را ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )‪Hedges 0/730‬‬
‫=‪ (g‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﮔﺮوه ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ دارد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺪت‬
‫دوره ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ‪ 12‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫)‪ [43] (Hedges g=1/918‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ داﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪ (TUG‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ 14‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ]‪ .[51-56،49،48،46،45،39-41‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري )‪ (P=0/000‬را ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ )‪ (Hedges g=1/145‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﮔﺮوه ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ زﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ داﺷﺖ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﺪ‬
‫)ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪.(2‬‬
‫از ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 14‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷﺪه ‪ 5‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري‬
‫را در ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻜﺮدﻧﺪ ]‪[55،53،39-41‬‬

‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد =‪19‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -1‬ﻓﻠﻮﭼﺎرت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬

‫‪  446‬‬ ‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

 ‫اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪  ... ،‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ‪PICO‬‬

‫ﺳﻦّ ﺑﺎﻻي ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎل‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﮋاد و از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ )ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻣﺰﻣﻦ داﺋﻤﻲ و ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﺴﻮن(‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ روي ﺗﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت داﻳﺮهاي‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻮﺳﭙﺘﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت روي ﺗﻮپ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻧﺪاد‬
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‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -1‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ :OLS ،‬اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن روي ﻳﻚﭘﺎ‪ :AP ،‬ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ‪ :ML‬داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -2‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‪ :TUG ،‬زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -3‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‪ :BBS ،‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﺮگ‬

‫‪  447‬‬ ‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

 ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -2‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﺷﺪه در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ و ﻣﺪت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫)ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪/‬در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪/‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت داﻳﺮهاي‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 25)30‬زن‪5 ،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد(‬
‫‪60-2-5‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Bird‬و ‪[50] Fell‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت روي ﺗﺸﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‪ /‬زن‬
‫و رﻓﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪرت زاﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫‪>60‬‬
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‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪،(TUG‬‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت را روي ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪20‬‬
‫‪40-3-12‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )ﻓﻮرس‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Hyun‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪار اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪20‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ(‬ ‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪>65‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫]‪[39‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬

‫ﮔﺮمﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪20‬‬ ‫‪ Rahmani‬و‬
‫‪60-3-8‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮدﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪20‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[44‬‬
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪>65‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮمﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت راه‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل )آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪ Aradmehr‬و‬
‫‪45-3-6‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮرك(‬ ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[46‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪(TUG‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻪ و اﻧﺪام‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 10‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺶ‪ 40 ،‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪27‬‬ ‫‪ Rodrigues‬و‬
‫‪60-2-8‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬ ‫و ‪ 10‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ رﻳﻠﻜﺴﻴﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪25‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[43‬‬
‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪>60‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪ 10‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﮔﺮمﻛﺮدن‪45 ،‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪(TUG‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪ Daneshmandi‬و‬
‫‪70-3-8‬‬ ‫روزاﻧﻪ را اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪5 ،‬‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ )‪(FAB‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[45‬‬
‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺳﺮدﻛﺮدن‬ ‫‪>50‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪(TUG‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫‪ 9) 26‬زن‪17،‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد(‬ ‫‪Cardalda‬‬
‫‪60-2-12‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻮﺳﭙﺘﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫رﺳﻴﺪن‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﻗﺪرت‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﭙﺘﻴﻮر را‬ ‫زن‪/‬ﻣﺮد‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[40‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪10‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ روي ﺗﻮپ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ) ‪TUG,‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪20‬‬ ‫‪ Mesquita‬و‬
‫‪50-3-6‬‬ ‫‪ ،(FRT, BBS‬ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﺑﺎﻧﺪ و ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت داﻳﺮه‪-‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪18‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[51‬‬
‫اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )ﻓﻮرس ﭘﻠﻴﺖ(‬ ‫‪>65‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫اي‬

‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎندﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪ 10-8‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫‪17)55‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪27‬‬ ‫‪Roller‬‬
‫‪60-1-10‬‬ ‫)‪،(TUG‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‪ 38،‬زن(‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪28‬‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[53‬‬
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‪ /‬زن‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫)‪  10MWT ،(BBS‬‬

‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎدل )‪(OLS‬‬
‫ﻗﺪرت اﻧﺪام ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪17‬‬ ‫‪Oliveira‬‬
‫‪66-2-4‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫‪ ،Y‬ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫در ‪ 60‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[49‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ اﻧﺪام‬ ‫‪>60‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫)ﻓﻮرس ﭘﻠﻴﺖ(‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪،(BBS‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻗﺪرت‪ ،‬اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‪،‬‬
‫‪60-3-14‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪت و ﺳﺒﻚ را‬ ‫اﺻﻼحﺷﺪه روي ﺗﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Irez‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[61‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮ اﻓﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫راه رﻓﺘﻦ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪>65‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫)‪(ABC‬‬

‫‪  448‬‬ ‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

 ‫اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪  ... ،‬‬

‫ﺗﻮاﺗﺮ و ﻣﺪت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫)ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪/‬در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪/‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺗﻌﺎدﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪ 11)24‬ﻣﺮد‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪،(TUG‬‬ ‫و ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ روزاﻧﻪ در‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪13‬‬ ‫‪ 13‬زن(‬ ‫‪Josephs‬‬
‫‪60-3-12‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ )‪(FAB‬‬ ‫را اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰل را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪11‬‬ ‫زن‪ /‬ﻣﺮد‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[41‬‬
‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪>65‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت روي‬
‫‪Downloaded from feyz.kaums.ac.ir at 8:07 +0430 on Thursday April 30th 2020‬‬

‫ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻚ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )ﻓﻮرس‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫‪ 5-8‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪30‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Irez‬‬
‫‪60-3-12‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ(‪ ،‬زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪30‬‬ ‫زن‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[42‬‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲاﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫‪ 9-12‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻓﺘﺎدن‬
‫روي ﺗﻮپ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫در ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت روي ﺗﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪،(OLS‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻜﺮدﻧﺪ و‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪21‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪ Vieira‬و‬
‫‪60-2-12‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪،(TUG‬‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪19‬‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[48‬‬
‫ﻗﺪرت‪  6MWT ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮپ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ و ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫دادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮپ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻛﻮر‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ Newell‬و‬
‫‪60-2-8‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ راه رﻓﺘﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮات‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ اﻧﺪام‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[62‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻓﺘﺎدن‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺪرت‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮازي‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪15‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪ Plachy‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫‪60-3-26‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬داﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ در آب ‪15‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻜﺮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل‬ ‫زن‬ ‫]‪[63‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ‪6‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ راه رﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫‪ 6‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ او‪‬ل‪ :‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫روي ﺗﺸﻚ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪،(FRT‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ دوم‪ :‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪ Mokhtari‬و‬
‫‪60-3-12‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫زن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ )‪(TUG‬‬ ‫ﻛﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[55‬‬
‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪80-62‬‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‪ :‬اداﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ‪-‬‬ ‫‪13) 54‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‪ 41،‬زن(‬ ‫‪ Kovách‬و‬
‫‪60-3-24‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫)‪، 6MWT(TUG‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫زن‪ /‬ﻣﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[56‬‬
‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬ ‫‪>60‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪12)48‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )ﻓﻮرس‬ ‫زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت را در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد‪ 36،‬زن(‬ ‫‪ Donath‬و‬
‫‪60-2-5‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖ ‪،Y‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎقﺑﺎز و ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫زن‪ /‬ﻣﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[33‬‬
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي‪ ،‬ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎردﺳﺖ و ﭘﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫‪>65‬‬
‫ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪  449‬‬ ‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

 ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -3‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت داﺧﻞﺷﺪه در ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬

‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي‬ ‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﺎن‬ ‫درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮان‬ ‫آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﻦﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ‪/‬‬ ‫واﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎن‬
‫از ‪10‬‬ ‫درﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮر‬ ‫ﻛﻮر‬ ‫ﻛﻮر‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶدرﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﻨﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن*‬
‫‪Bird‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [50‬‬
‫‪Downloaded from feyz.kaums.ac.ir at 8:07 +0430 on Thursday April 30th 2020‬‬

‫‪Hyun‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [39‬‬
‫‪ Rahmani‬و‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [44‬‬
‫‪ Aradmehr‬و‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [46‬‬
‫‪ Rodrigues‬و‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [43‬‬
‫‪Daneshmandi‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[45‬‬
‫‪Cardalda‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [40‬‬
‫‪ Mesquita‬و‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [51‬‬
‫‪Roller‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [53‬‬
‫‪Oliveira‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [49‬‬
‫‪Irez‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [61‬‬
‫‪ Josephs‬و‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [41‬‬
‫‪Irez‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [42‬‬
‫‪Vieira‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪[48‬‬
‫‪ Newell‬و‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [62‬‬
‫‪ Plachy‬و‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [63‬‬
‫‪ Mokhtari‬و‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [55‬‬
‫‪ Kovách‬و‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [56‬‬
‫‪ Donath‬و‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪  [33‬‬
‫*در ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان در‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري )‪ (P=0/000‬ﺑﺮ زﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪ ،(Hedges g=1/078) (TUG‬اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي )‪ ،(Hedges g=0/685‬و اﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ و‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺧﻼﺻﻪﻛﺮدن اﺛﺮات‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬
‫ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‪-‬‬
‫داري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬

‫‪  450‬‬ ‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

 ‫اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪  ... ،‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ را ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‪ Bergamina .‬و‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪ [26‬ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬
‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ دارد‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه از آن‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي اﺷﺎره دارد‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻴﺰان اﺛﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫‪Downloaded from feyz.kaums.ac.ir at 8:07 +0430 on Thursday April 30th 2020‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪاري ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوت را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫واردﻛﺮدن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮد‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ را در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ داده ﺑﻮد و ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف در ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت داﺧﻞﺷﺪه‬
‫در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ در‬
‫ﻃﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬درﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ از ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ ﺧﻮد را اداﻣﻪ دﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان را ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار داد‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪(TUG‬‬
‫)‪ 14‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي )‪ 6‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪ 7‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪ 21‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ(‪ ،‬اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﻳﺮي )‪ 6‬ﻣﻮرد از ‪21‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪاي از اﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻛﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ و زﻣﺎنﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ‪ 60‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪاي ﻛﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺑﺎر در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ را در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 8‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ )‪(Hedges g=1/476‬‬
‫]‪ 12 ،[45،47،50،56‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ )‪(Hedges g=1/085‬‬
‫]‪ [41،49،55-39‬ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ‬
‫آنﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ‪ 12‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ‪8‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ آن ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ‪ 12‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ‪8‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي از اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮان‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ‪ 2-3‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ‪ 8‬ﺗﺎ ‪12‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪدﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺒﻮد ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل‬
‫ﻣﺪت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﻣﺪت اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻛﺎرآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در دﻧﻴﺎ وارد ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ روي اﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫‪  451‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ )‪ (Hedges g=0/353‬داﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺘﺎدن در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان در اﺛﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي در‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﺴﺒﺖ داد‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي در ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ ،‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﻲ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ ]‪ [57‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﺮد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬارد‪ .‬ﺑﺎ روﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺮي‪ ،‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان‬
‫دﭼﺎر اﺿﻤﺤﻼل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺪرت‬
‫اﻛﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪام ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺪرت اﻛﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي‬
‫اﻧﺪام ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ راه رﻓﺘﻦ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ راه رﻓﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن ‪ 10‬دﻗﻴﻘﻪ راه رﻓﺘﻦ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد زﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ )‪ (TUG‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪاي ﻛﻤﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎلﺷﺪن ﻋﻀﻼت ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ داﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺮ )‪ (Multi Fidus‬ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد ]‪ [58‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺲ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻘﻲ در ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺪن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ و راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻨﻪ )‪ (Alignment‬را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ ]‪ [51‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آنﻛﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ و ﻣﻬﺮهﻫﺎ را ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲدارد‪ ،‬از‬
‫ﺗﻴﻠﺖ ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ ﻟﮕﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻓﻠﻜﺸﻦ‬
‫ران داﺧﻞ ﻟﮕﻦ را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل ﮔﺎم در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ]‪ .[59‬اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي از اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ را در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺧﻮد دﺧﻴﻞ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ]‪[60،25 ،23‬‬
‫در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺮ آن ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ‬
‫اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻪ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻮد و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﮔﺮ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻌﺎدل و اﻓﺘﺎدن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان را‬
‫وارد ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ از ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ را‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﻗﺎدر اﺳﺖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ از اﺛﺮات ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎدل را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت دﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ دارد ]‪ Oliveira .[25،41‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻮي ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ؛‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ اراﺋﻪ دادﻧﺪ ]‪ Barker .[49‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران در‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺮوري ﺧﻮد ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ و‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﻳﺎ در ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫از ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان را ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ]‪.[21‬‬
‫‪ Moreno-Segura‬و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ]‪ [60‬ﻧﻴﺰ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار‬
‫دوﻣﺎهﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺾ| ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن|‪ |1398‬دوره ‪ |23‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻴﻤﺎر ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻣﻴﺰان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ آن‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺘﺎآﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬،‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻳﺴﺘﺎ‬
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‫ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺛﺮ‬.‫ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ را ﺑﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ در ﻣﺪت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري‬،‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫اﺛﺮات را در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ و ﻗﺪرداﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦوﺳﻴﻠﻪ از ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬
.‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
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‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻏﻔﻠﺖ واﻗﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻮد وﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ذﻛﺮ‬،‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد‬
‫ل اﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻛﻢ‬‫ او‬:‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ دوم‬.‫ﺗﺎ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺒﻮد و ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻤﻲ‬.‫زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺮدان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬.‫( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬Follow up) ‫از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت داراي ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت آﻳﻨﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي را ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬،‫در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎدل در‬
‫ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻛﻠﻲ و زﻣﺎن‬،‫ﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ و رﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد اﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﭘﻴﻼﺗﺲ در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت‬.‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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