Training Class

on
Specification, Rate Analysis
and Cost Estimation
Er. Prabhat Kumar Jha
(Mob. No. 9841360244, geoprabhat@gmail.com)
Definitions :
-u_ ædfn ;fdfgÆ eGgfn] rn jf
ædfn;
crn,;hLj jf lghL{j h'g;'s} lsl;dsf]
j:t' ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] j:t'
cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{sf] cfg'ifl·s ;]jf
;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
Definitions :
-3_ ælgdf
ælgdf{{0f sfo
sfo{Æ{ eGgfn] s'g} ;+/rgf jf s'g}
s'/fsf] lgdf{0f ug{], k'gM lgdf{0f ug{], eTsfpg], dd{t
;Def/ ug{] jf lh0ff]{4f/ ug]{ sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt
lgdf{0f :yn tof/ ug]{, vGg], 78\ofpg], agfpg],
pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg h8fg ug]{, ;hfpg] cflb
h:tf sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]] zAbn] gSzf agfpg],
k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f ug]{, e"pku|xLo kmf]6f] lvRg],
e"sDkLo k/LIf0f ug{] h:tf lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
cfg'iflª\us ;]jf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
Definitions :
-ª_ ækæk//fdz{
fdz{ ;jfÆ
]jfÆ eGgfn] s'g} cWoog,
cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f, l8hfOg, 8«O{ª ;'k/Lj]If0f,
tfnLd, k/LIf0f ug]{ sfd, ;km\6j]o/sf] ljsf; jf
o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo af}l4s jf k]zfut ;]jf ;Demg'
k5{ .

-r_ æcGo ;]jfÆ

jfÆ eGgfn] ;jf/L ;fwg, pks/0f jf
dfn;fdfg ef8fdf lng], 9'jfgL ug]{ jf dfn;fdfg
dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
????
• Generator र सो को शेड सिहतको ख रद
• MRI Machine र सो को भबन सिहतको ख रद
• िबजुलीको पोल जडान
• AC, Generator सिहतको भबन िनमाण
• Consulting services are usually intellectual in nature and
are considered technical services the output of which is
not equipment intensive. Advisory and project related
services are typical consulting services; which includes:
feasibility studies, project management, engineering
services, finance and accounting services, training and
development, to mention a few.

• Non-consulting services, on the other hand, usually

involve the used of equipment and specific
methodologies to achieve their objectives.
Some typical examples of non-consulting
services are: equipment maintenance and repair,
operation and maintenance services, utility management,
installation and maintenance services, surveys and field
investigations, and similar.
Non-consulting Services:

Services which are not Consulting Services.

Non-consulting Services are normally bid and
contracted on the basis of performance of
measurable outputs,
and
for which performance standards can be clearly
identified and consistently applied. (World Bank)
(World Bank) Examples include:
drilling,
aerial photography,
satellite imagery, Additional :
mapping, and similar operations. operation and
maintenance services,
“Other Services” means the act of utility management,
hiring motor vehicles, installation
installation and
equipment or goods, carriage or maintenance services,
repair and maintenance of goods; surveys and field
investigations, and
िनयम १३ अनुसार similar.
 सवारी,औजार,मेिसन ef8fsf] nfut cg'dfg
 9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg
 dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/sf] nfut cg'dfg
 3/ ef8f / ;]jf s/f/
Rule 3# vl/b sf/afxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{M

-s_ vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{,

-v_ vl/b ;DaGwL ljleGgk|fljlws s'/f ;dfwfg

ug{ / cfk"lt{stf{sf] pknAwtf olsg ug{
ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L lng],
Rule 3# vl/b sf/afxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{M

-u_ cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;dfg k|s[ltsf] dfn;fdfg,

lgdf{0f sfo{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b
ul/Psf] eP To:tf] vl/b k|ls|ofsf] cWoog ug]{,

-3_ vl/bsf] ljj/0f, kl/df0f / If]q Plsg ug]{,

Rule 3# vl/b sf/afxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{M

-ª_ vl/bnfO{ a9L ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg

ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ug{],

-r_ vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug{ nufpg],

-5_ vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,

Rule 3# vl/b sf/afxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{M

-h_ vl/bsf] cfly{s ;|ft

] / /sdsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-em_ vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug]{, /

-`_ b'O{ s/f]8 ?k+}ofF;Ddsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b

eGbf afx]ssf] cGo vl/bdf af]nkq of]Uotf jf k"j{
of]Uotfsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ jf gkg]{ s'/f olsg
ug]{ .
Act 4# dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj
ljj/0f
/0f tof/
tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jf vl/b
ug{' cl3 To; ;DaGwL
:k]lzlkms]
lzlkmszg,
]zg,
of]hgf,
gSzf,
l8hfOg,
ljz]if cfjZostf Jff
cGo ljj/0fx?
tof/ ug{' kg{]
Act 4# dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{
kg]{ M
ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf]
ljz]iftfx? :ki6 ?kdf a'lemg] u/L pNn]v ug]{ csf]{ s'g}
pkfo gePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} vf;vf; a|f08
08, 6]8« dfs{,
gfd, k]60] 6, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd
pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]] 5}g
To;/L pNn]v gu/L gx'g] cj:yfdf s'g} vf; a|f08,
6]8« dfs{, gfd, k]60] 6, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf
pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v u/L æ;f] ;/xÆ eGg] +zAbx?
pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5
Rule 5Ka
No Procurement without
Specification
Drawing
Design
Special Requirements

For Tunnel/ Railway/ Ropeway/ Cable Car/ Specialized

Road etc : Head of Department shall approve the
above requirements
Rule 5(4): dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf]
ljj/0f ;+zf]wg

-s_ ljj/
ljj/0f tof/
tof/ ubf{
ubfsf{sf avt k"jf{fg'{gd
' fg ug{
ug{
g;lsg
lsg]] ef
ef}ule{
}ules{ ¿kn
kn]] hlhl66n k|sltsf]
[ltsf] lgdf
lgdf{{0f
sfo{{ ePdf,
sfo ePdf,
-v_ ljjljj//0f tof
tof// ul/
ul/;s]kl5
l5 k|fs[
slts
[lts k|sf]fkhGo
]khGo
kl/l
kl /l::ylt l;hgf{gf ePdf
ePdf,,
Rule 5(4): dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf]
ljj/0f ;+zf]wg
-u_ ljefuLo gd{
gd{\; kl/
kl/jt{
jtg{ ePdf
ePdf,,

-3_ lgdf{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug]

lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ k"j{ lgwf{
lgwfl{ /t k|ljlw
jf k4lt klkl//jt
jt{g{ ePdf
ePdf,,

-ª_ ljz
ljz]i] f / hl6
hl6n k|sltsf
[ltsf] ;+/rgf eO
eO{{ ;f] sf
sf]]
sfof{Gjogdf
sfof {Gjogdf slsl77gfO pTkGg ePdf
:k]lzlkms]zg,
आफुले चाहे को मालसामान या िनमाण
कायको िब ृत होरा

a type of technical
standard.
मालसामान को ेिशिफकेशन
गाडी – मेिसन – Generator – Furniture – िबजुली सिम ी आिद

• आ नो आव कता
• बजारको उपल ता
• लागतको िसमा
मु आधार िलई तयार गनु पन
मालसामान को ेिशिफकेशन
Physical Requirement ( eg. Ground Clearance, Wt….)
Functional Requirement (eg. Speed, HP….)
 Performance Requirement ( eg. Millage ….)
 Environmental Requirement (eg. Petrol fuel or gas…)
 Design Standard and Quality ( eg. ISO, IS, BS…, CE…)
Act 5# nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{M

•;fj{hlgs lgsfon] s'g} klg vl/bsf] nflu

tf]lsP adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{'
kg]{5 .

t/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf afx]s Ps

nfv ?k}ofFofF;Ddsf]
Ddsf vl/b ug{ nfut cg'dfg
ug{' kg]{ 5}g .
Rule 9. nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM

-s_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd Pp6} vl/b

;Demf}tfaf6 x'g ;Sg] jf sfd lkR5] 5'§} vl/b
;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{,

-v_ vl/b ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f ug{ kg]{ jf gkg]{,

-u_ vl/bsf] cGo s'g} ljsNk eP To:tf] ljsNk,

Rule 9. nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM

-3_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;DkGg

ug{sf] nflu nfUg ;Sg] clwstd /sd tyf
;do, /

-ª_ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{

ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ egL ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg
sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo s'/f .
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ df lgod #s=yk M
æ#s= Kofs]lhË tyf ;d"x ljefhg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b sfo{sf] Kofs]lhË ubf{ lgod & sf]
pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd vl/b u'?of]hgfdf
plNnlvt Kofs]h ;ª\Vofsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ug'{ kg]5{ .
-@_ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/bnfO{ a9L ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf
ljefhg ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L tof/L ubf{ cnu
cnu ?kdf ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] k|s[ltsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu
clwstd k|lt:kwf{ x'g] xb;Dd 5'§f 5'§} ?kdf af]nkq cfJxfg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ Ps cfk;df cGt/ ;DalGwt eO{ Pp6} Kofs]hdf ;~rfng
ug'{ kg]{ ePdf afx]s k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ;ª\sl' rt / ;Lldt ug]{ u/L
7"nf 7"nf Kofs]h agfO{ af]nkq cfJxfg ug'{ x'Fb}g .Æ
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ af]nkq
hdfgt jf sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt nufot
df]ljnfO{hz
] g / l8df]ljnfO{hz
] g vr{, jLdf,
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ ;'ljwf afktsf sfo{x?,

u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, Joj;fohGo :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff,

Ph ljN6 gSzf, sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] sldzg
vr{ cflbsf] 5'§} cfO6d agfO{ nfut cg'dfgdf
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
æ-#_ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
• lgdf{0f :ynsf] Joj:yf geO{,
• lgdf{0f :ynaf6 x6fpg' kg]{ ?v lj?jf nufotsf
;+/rgf x6fpg] ;'lglZrttf geO{,
• d'cfAhf jf Ifltk"lt{ ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{df ;f]sf] nflu
ah]6sf] ;'lglZrttf gu/L
• k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ug{'kg]{ jftfj/0fLo
cWoogsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t gu/fO{ af]nkq cfJxfg
ug{' xF'b}g .Æ
10. Cost Estimate of Construction Works:
k'/ftflTjs pTvgg ;DaGwL / ;'?ª vGg] vGg,] l8k
6o'\oj' \j]jn
] , k]6«f]lnod
lnod cg';Gwfg cflb h:tf
hldgd'lg ul/g] ul/g] sfo
sfo{sf]
{sf gD;{
dlGqkl//ifb
dlGqkl ifb\af6
\af6 :jLs
jLs[t[ u/fO{
:jLs[t gD;{ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{
kg]5 { .
10. Cost Estimate of Construction Works:

t/ To To::tf]
tf] gD;
gD;{ adf
adf]lhd ub}{ hfFbf vf; sfdsf]
]lhd sfd ub}
nflu vf vf;
; k|sf/ f/sf]
sf] gDgD;
;{ cfjZos k/]df df ;DalGwt
;fj
fj{hlgs lgsfosf] k|d'vn] To:tf] lgsfosf]
{hlgs lgsfosf]
ljlwsaf6 / To:tf] k|fljlws geP cGo
k|fljlwsaf6
;fj{hlgs lgsfosf ;DalGwt k|fljlwsaf6
cfjZos gD gD; tof// ug{ nufO{ To:tf] gD;{ ljefuLo
;{ tof
af6 :jLs[t u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
k|d'vaf6
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{
l;nl;nfdf material sf] b//]6 lgwf{ lgwf{/0f ;ldltn
ldltn]
tf]ss
] f] b//]6sf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

t/ b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] b//]6 pknJw gePsf]gePsfdf]df

lgdf{0f:yn glhs
glhs}sf]
}sf] ;DalGwt ;/sf sf/L
/L sfof
sfof{{no jf
;/sf/L
sf/L :jfldTj ePsf
ePsf]] ;+:yfg
yfg, k|flws/0f, lgud jf
o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+:yfn]
yfn] tf
tf]]ssf]
s
] f] b/efp
b/efp jf pBf
pBf]u]
jfl00fHo ;+3n] lbPsf]
jfl lbPsf] b/efp
b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnfsf
cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]5
{ .
b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnf ;d]t pknAw x'g g;ssf] ]sf]
cj::yfdf To:tf] b//]6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljefuLo k|d'vn
cj n]]
tf]lslbPsf]
tf ]lslbPsf] b/
b/efp
efp,, ef
ef88f jf Hofnfsf
Hofnfsf]] cfwf
cfwf//df
lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg{]5 .
Rule 11 # Cost estimate of Goods
Goods::

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] dfn;fdfgsf] nfut

cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ lgod ( /
;DalGwt dfn;fdfgsf]
:k]l;lkms]zgsf] cwLgdf /xL tof/ ug{'
kg]{5 .
Rule 11 # Cost estimate of Goods
Goods::
dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{
cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf To:tf] ;fj{hlgs
lgsfo /x]sf] lhNnfsf] cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] rfn" jf
cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|sl[ tsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf]
jf:tljs nfut,
-v_ :yfgLo ahf/df k|rlnt b/efp,
-u_ cGo ahf/sf] k|rlnt b/efp / dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{
ug]{ :yfg;Dd nfUg] cg'dflgt 9'jfgL vr{,
-3_ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] hf/L u/]sf] b//]6 .
Rule 11 # Cost estimate of Goods
Goods::
-v_ :yfgLo ahf/df k|rlnt b/efp,

Vender
Brand X
A

Estimate
Vender as per
Brand Y Lowest
B
of X,Y,Z

Vender
Brand Z
C
Rule 12 # Cost Estimate of Consultancy Service:
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{{
lgod ( sf] cwLgdf /xL tof/ ug{ kg]{5 .

k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{

cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt dGqfnon] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg
;DaGwL gD;{ tof/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] gD;{,
-v_ ;DalGwt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{,
-u_ ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf cGo ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] rfn" jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b
ubf{ nfu]sf] jf:tljs nfut
Rule 12 # Cost Estimate of Consultancy Service:

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] o; lgod adf]lhdsf] nfut

cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf vr{x? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ d'Vo hgzlQm Pj+ cGo hgzlQmsf] kfl/>lds,
-v_ e|d0f vr{, hgzlQmsf] a;f]af; vr{, sfof{no
vr{, cfjZos dfn;fdfg pks/0f / ;]jf vr{,
k|ltj]bg / cGo sfuhftsf] cg'jfb, 5kfO{ vr{,
-u_ k/fdz{bftfn] tfnLd, uf]i7L jf e|d0fsf] Joj:yf
ug'{ kg]{ eP To:tf] sfdsf] nflu nfUg] vr{ / cGo vr{
Rule 13 # Cost Estimate of Other Services:

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg lgod (

sf] cwLgdf /xL tof/ ug'{ kg]5
{ .
ef8fdf lnOg] ;jf/L ;fwg, d]zLg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf
dfn;fdfgsf] ef8fsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{
;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf k|d'vn] To:tf ;fwg,
cf}hf/, pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf
a9Ldf tLghgf bIf k|fljlwsx?sf]] Ps ;ldlt u7g
ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] lgsfodf To:tf k|fljlws hgzlQm
geP To:tf] lgsfosf] tfn's sfof{non] To:tf] ;ldlt
u7g u/L lbg' kg]5{ .
Rule 13 # Cost Estimate of Other Services:

 ef8fsf] nfut cg'dfg

 9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg
 dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/sf] nfut cg'dfg
 3/ ef8f / ;]jf s/f/
Rule 13 # Cost Estimate of Other Services:

;ldltn] ef8fsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ ljrf/

u/L df]6fdf]6L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]5{ M–

-s_ ef8fdf lng kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf

dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f, :k]l;lkms]zg, cj:yf / cfo',
-v_ k|rlnt ahf/ b/,
-u_ ef8fdf lng] cjlw,
-3_ OGwgsf] d"No / vkt, /
-ª_ ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] cGo s'/f .
9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ;DalGwt
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lhNnf:t/sf] ;fj{hlgs
lgsfosf] xsdf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df,
s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] xsdf
ljefuLo b//]6sf] cfwf/df /
To:tf] ljefuLo b//]6 ;d]t
gePsf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt ahf/ b//]6sf] cfwf/df
df]6fdf]6L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg{]5 .
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] s'g} dfn;fdfg dd{t
;Def/sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ To:tf]
lgsfodf To; ;DaGwL ljz]if1 jf bIf
sd{rf/L eP To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 /

To:tf] sd{rf/L geP To:tf] sfd

ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
3/ ef8f / ;]jf s/f/ ;DaGwL nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/ b/
/
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non]
;f] ;DaGwL gD;{ hf/L u/]sf] eP ;f]
gD;{ cg';f/ df]6fdf]6L nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]5
{ .
Rule 14:Approval of Cost Estimate:
Goods/Works/Other Who has the authority
Services
Upto 1 Caror Gazetted 3rd Class ; Chief of Office
Upto 5 Caror Gazetted 2nd Class ; Chief of Office
Upto 10 Caror Gazetted 1st Class ; Chief of Office
More than 10 Caror Chief of Department

Consultancy Service Who has the authority

Upto 10 Lakh Gazetted 3rd Class ; Chief of Office
Upto 25 Lakh Gazetted 2nd Class ; Chief of Office
Upto 50 Lakh Gazetted 1st Class ; Chief of Office
More than 50 Lakh Chief of Department
• ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] k|d'v cfk"mn] o; lgod
adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug{ gldNg]
ePdf jf lgod %s= adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
:jLs[t ug]{ tyf pklgod -!_ / -@_
adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug]{ Ps}
txsf] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ePdf Ps tx
dflysf] clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
Rule 15 # nfut cg'dfg cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{
lgod !$ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf] nfut cg'dfg
cg';f/ vl/b gePdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] o;
lgodfjnLsf] k|ls|of ckgfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{
o:tf] nfut cg'dfg cWofjlws ug'{ kg]5
{ .

nfut cg'dfg cBfjlBs gu/L ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]

l;naGbL b/efpkq / af]nkq cfXjfg ug{ jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj dfu ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
 cg';"rL !
-lgod !) sf] pklgod -&_ ;+Fu ;DjlGwt_
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg lgsfNg] tl/sf
-s_ cfO6dsf] b//]6 lgsfNg] tl/sf M
>ldsx?sf] vr{ ===================================================================== -s_
lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] vr{ ============================================================== -v_
oflGqs pks/0fsf] ef8f -t}No kbfy{ ;lxt_=================================== -u_
cfO6dsf] b//]6 -s+v+u_ Ö -3_
jf]nkqbftfsf] cf]e/x]8 -3 sf] !% k|=z=_ Ö )=!%×-3_
hDdf b//]6 -ª_ Ö !=!%×-3_
-v_ nfut cg'dfg lgsfNg] tl/sf M
 cg';"rL !
-v_ nfut cg'dfg lgsfNg] tl/sf M
qm=;+= cfO6d PsfO cfO6dsf] cfO6dsf] cfO6dsf] hDdf
hDdf b//]6 hDdf vr{
kl/df0f
! cfO6d -!_ -r_ -6_ -r_×-6_
@ cfO6d -@_ -5_ -7_ -5_×-7_
# cfO6d -#_ -h_ -8_ -h_×-8_
=== OToflb

hf]8 -j_ Ö -r×6+5×7+h×8+=====_

js{ rfh{ :6fkm vr{ – -j_ sf] @ k|ltzt Ö )=)@ × -j_
;fgfltgf cGo vr{ – -j_ sf] @ k|ltzt Ö )=)@ × -j_
hDdf nfut Oli6d]6 c+s -t_ Ö !=)$ × -j_
 cg';"rL !
-v_ nfut cg'dfg lgsfNg] tl/sf M
hf]8 -j_ Ö -r×6+5×7+h×8+=====_
js{ rfh{ :6fkm vr{ – -j_ sf] @= k|ltzt Ö )=)@ × -j_
;fgfltgf cGo vr{ – -j_ sf] @= k|ltzt Ö )=)@ × -j_
hDdf nfut Oli6d]6 c+s -t_ Ö !=)$ × -j_

gf6] M
gf]
-s_ af]nkqsf] cÍnfO{ t'ngf ubf{ nfut cg'dfg c+s -j_ nfO{ dflgg' k5{ .

-v_ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu nfut cg'dfg c+s -
j_ dflgg' k5{ .
 cg';"rL !
-v_ nfut cg'dfg lgsfNg] tl/sf M
-u_ pk/f]Qm cg'';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ul/;s]kl5 cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf]
ah]6 Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ nfut cg'dfgdf d"No ;dfof]hg
slG6Gh]G;L jfkt !) k|ltztn] / lkmlhsn slG6Gh]G;L jfkt !) k|ltztn]
cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] hDdf nfutdf yk ug'{ kg]{5 .

-3_ js{ rfh{, :6fkm vr{, ;fgfltgf cGo vr{ / lkmlhsn slG6Gh]G;L vr{
ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;DalGwt dGqfno jf s]lGb|o lgsfoaf6 sfo{ljwL l:js[t u/fO{
ug'{ kg]5
{ .

-ª_ cfof]hgf÷ sfo{qmdsf] nfut cg'dfg l:js[tL / vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug]{
k|of]hgsf nflu hf]8 -j_ df d"No clej[l4 s/ / ljleGg slG6Gh]G;Lx?
hf]8L x'g cfpg] s'n nfut cg'dfgnfO{ dflgg] 5.
 cg';"rL–!s=
-lgod !@ sf] pklgod -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgsf] 9fFrf
;]jf vr{ lzif{s -s_ PsfO{ -v_ zLif{ssf] k|lt zLif{ssf] zLif{ssf] hDdf
OsfO b/ -u_ hDdf kl/df0f nfut -ª_ Ö -
-3_ u×3_
zLif{s -!_ -ª_! Ö -u×3_
hgzlQmsf] kfl/>lds -ª!_ -ª_@ Ö -u×3_
zLif{s -@_ -ª_# Ö -u×3_
e|d0f, a;f]af;, dfn;fdfg jf pks/0f jf
;]jf nufotsf ;f]wegf{ x'g] vr{ -ª@_
zLif{s -#_
tflnd, uf]i7L, sfuhft 5kfO{ jf cg'jfb
nufotsf cGo km'6s/ vr{ -ª#_

hDdf nfut cg'dfg -r_ -r_ Ö -

ª!±ª@±ª#_
sfof{nosf] Joj:yfkg vr{ $k|ltzt -5_ -5_ Ö-r×)=)$_

s"n nfut cg'dfg cÍ -h_ -h_ Ö -r±5_

 cg';"rL–!s=
!= आिथक ाब sf] t'ngfsf] nflu hDdf nfut cg'dfg cÍ -r_ x'g]5 .
@= kfl/>lds vr{ -ª!_, ;f]wegf{ x'g] vr{ -ª@_ / cGo km'6s/ vr{ -ª#_ sf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/ u/L o; nfut cg'dfg kmf/fdsf] ;fydf /fvL k|:t't
ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= pk/f]Qm cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ul/;s]kl5 ah]6 Joj:yfkgsf] nflu
cfjZostf cg';f/ hDdf nfut cg'dfgdf d"No ;dfof]hg slG6Gh]G;L
jfkt !) k|ltztn], ljleGg s/ jfkt !) k|ltztn] / d"No clej[l4 s/ /sd
;d]t yk u/L s"n nfut cg'dfg cÍ sfod ug'{ kg]5 { .

$=k/fd{Zf ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg l:js[tL / vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu
hf]8 -r_ df d"No clej[l4 s/ / ljleGg slG6h]G;Lx? tyf sfof{nosf]
Joj:yfkg vr{ hf]8L x'g cfpg] s'n nfut cg'dfgnfO{ dflgg] 5.
%=sfof{no Joj:yfkg vr{ ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;DalGwt dGqfno jf s]lGb|o lgsfoaf6
sfo{ljwL l:js[t u/fO{ ;f] cg';f/ vr{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
IN COST ESTIMATION SHEET
• Project Name
• Time for Completion
• Method of Procurement

• Roadway excavation including disposal upto 1km

and lift upto 1.5 m etc. all complete as per
specification. ??????
6.85 Arab Building Project , Contract Period Fixed
= 3 years only… ????
6.85 Arab Building Project , Contract Period Fixed = 3 years
only… ????
If we consider the above formula : Required Working days
= 1420 days
Incoterm Understanding and Provisions
@!= dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf M
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhd dfn;fdfgsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf jf
dfn;fdfg x:tfGt/0f -8]lne/L_ ;DaGwL zt{x?
cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df k|oQ
' m x'g] zAbfjnL -OG6/g]zgn
sdl;{on 6d{; -OGsf]6d{_ adf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
“ The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms
are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published
by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
relating to international commercial law.”
Rules for any mode of transport
1. EXW – Ex Works (named place of delivery)
2. FCA – Free Carrier (named place of delivery)
3. CPT – Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)
4. CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid to (named place of destination)
5. DAT – Delivered At Terminal (named terminal at port or place of
destination)
6. DAP – Delivered At Place (named place of destination)
7. DDP – Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)
Rules for sea and inland waterway transport
8. FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
9. FOB – Free on Board (named port of shipment)
10. CFR – Cost and Freight (named port of destination)
11. CIF – Cost, Insurance & Freight (named port of destination)
 For Goods :
Responsibility – Cost – Risk Matrix
Responsibilit Loading
Carriage
y of Seller Export Unloading on Carriage Loading on Import Unloadin
Carriage Unloading to place Import
upto Incoterm Loading customs of truck in vessel/air (sea/air) truck in customs g at
to port of Insurance in port of of duties and
2010 at origin declaratio port of plane in to port of port of clearanc destinatio
export import destinatio taxes
n export port of import import e n
n
export
Export EXW Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Country FCA Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
FAS Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
FOB Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Carriage Buyer/Sell Buyer/Sell
CPT Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer
er er
CFR Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
CIF Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Buyer/Sell Buyer/Sell
CIP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer
er er
Import DAT Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Country DAP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer
DDP Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer
FAS , FOB, CRF , CIF : Ocean Mode for Bulk Cargo, Non-Containerized Cargo Buyer/Seller
मालसामान ख रद गदा योग गनु पन
INCOTERM 2010
•DDP - Delivered Duty Paid
•CIP - Carriage Insurance Paid To
•EXW – Ex Works
• DDP – Base Cost + Transport + Custom
• CIP – Base Cost + Transport
• EXW – Base Cost + Transport
geoprabhat@gmail.com

!!!