Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4 WK Yr to Date 1 Yr 3 Yr 5 Yr
Symbol
Conservative
Christian NOAHX -9.50% -21.90% -47.30% -1.00% N/S
TPLNX -9.00% 8.30% 7.90% 5.00% 9.70%
Mennonite MMPAX -3.60% -7.30% -10.40% N/S N/S
Catholic AQEGX -8.00% -16.90% -20.60% 4.50% 13.40%
Islamic AMAGX -7.80% -17.90% -33.10% 15.00% 15.00%
I HAVE LEARNED THAT INVESTING IN THE STOCK MARKET COULD BE VERY COSTLY IF
YOU MAKE THE WRONG CHOICES. THESE FUNDS, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF TPLNX, HAVE
BEEN LOSING EARNINGS ALONG WITH THE DOW, S&P 500, AND THE NASDAQ. I THINK
FUNDS THAT ARE GOING TO EARN YOU A PROFIT. IF YOU ARE CONCERNED ABOUT YOUR
YOUR CAUSES AND VALUES, THEN GIVE TO CHARITIES THAT ARE CLOSE TO 100%
FRIENDLY TO THOSE CAUSES AND VALUES. EVEN IF THE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE FUNDS
SHARE YOUR SAME VALUES, THE COMPANIES THEY INVEST IN CAN NOT SHARE ALL
THOSE VALUES TO THE DEGREE YOU DESIRE. THE REASON TO INVEST IS TO HAVE
ENOUGH MONEY TO PROVIDE FOR THE FUTURE WITHOUT HAVING TO PUT A BURDEN ON
UNFRIENDLY COMPANIES.
FUNDS BUT MY DECISION TO INVEST WOULD FOR THE MOST PART DEPEND ON THE
BOTTOM LINE AS LONG AS THE COMPANY DID NOT PRODUCED A PRODUCT OR SERVICE
If, for example, you started out with a universe of 100 stocks, and your social screens
disqualified 20 of them, you'd have only 80 choices available to try to outperform the market
and other active investors who have the entire 100 stocks at their disposal. The conventional
wisdom might be different if social criteria effectively screened out the worst-performing
stocks, but a lack of social graces is not necessarily an impediment to a company's stock price.
Academics studying the link between commonly used social criteria and stock performance
haven't found a clear-cut relationship, positive or negative.
Two years ago, when we took a look at the universe of socially conscious mutual funds, not a
single SRI fund merited a 5-star rating.
Today, 21% of the SRI funds in our database that have the necessary three-year record sport a
5-star rating. That's twice the rate of the overall fund universe. Moreover, only 19% of SRI
funds find themselves in 2-star or 1-star territory, while a third of the overall fund universe
rates that low.
SRI funds stack up even better when they are compared to their specific Morningstar
categories. One quarter of these funds currently sport a top category rating of 5, and half have
category ratings of 4 or 5.
The smaller group of SRI funds that have a five-year record (35 in all) is less impressive,
though still acceptable. A total of 19 have outperformed their category peers over the trailing
five years while 16 underperformed.
That doesn't mean social screens add value, but it's hard to make the case that they subtract it.
What happened? Have SRI funds discovered some magic formula for investing that didn't
exist before? Not really. Few, if any, funds have made notable changes in their screening
practices over the past couple of years.
But screening certainly has something to do with SRI funds' recent performance. Screening
out tobacco companies and nuclear power utilities has kept the funds away from some of the
market's worst performers over the past few years. Avoiding these and other firms with poor
environmental records leaves the typical SRI domestic-equity fund underweighted in value
stocks and overweighted in growth stocks. Indeed, in the SRI arena growth funds outnumber
value funds 14 to 5. Most SRI domestic-equity funds are also large-cap offerings.
That proved to be a potent combination in 1997 and 1998 when large-growth stocks fueled the
stock market's rise. Of the 14 funds that came of age between October 1997 (the date of our
earlier study) and August 1999, eight had significant exposure to large-growth stocks and
seven of those funds garnered 5-star ratings. Two older funds improved to five stars for the
same reason.
That's not the entire explanation, though. The large-growth tilt helps explain SRI funds'
improved star ratings, but not their improved category ratings. Lots of large-blend and large-
growth funds sport 5-star ratings because they are being favorably compared with smaller-cap
offerings, but SRI funds still do well when we compare apples to apples (i.e., compare funds
in the same style-box-based Morningstar category).
Some of this success owes to the impact of two socially screened indexes, which together are
tracked by six of the top-rated funds. The Domini Social index and the Citizens index have
prospered for the same basic reason that the S&P 500 index has over the past couple of years:
The stocks at the top of these capitalization-weighted indexes were those that led the market's
rise.
Domini Social Equity DSEFX and its institutional fund both have category ratings of 5, as do
two other funds based on the Domini Social index--Green Century Equity GCEQX and
Devcap Shared Return DESRX. Both share classes of Citizens Index Fund WAIDX have
recently passed their third anniversaries and now sport top category marks. In all, about half
of SRI funds that have category ratings of 5 are indexed offerings.
Even accounting for the index effect and the large-growth bias, though, SRI funds remain
skewed toward the top of the category ratings. If we throw out the large-growth and large-
blend offerings, half of the remaining SRI funds have category ratings of 4 or 5 (multiple
share classes excluded). SRI offerings boast top category ratings in seven different categories.
With that many top performers in the SRI-fund stable, it's a relatively easy task for social
investors to pick out a good fund or two. But is it possible for social investors to build a well-
diversified portfolio consisting solely of socially screened funds? It's one thing to show
concern about social issues by dropping a few bucks in a single fund, but quite another to put
an entire nest egg into social funds.
And last, but certainly not least, SRI funds do not all follow the same social
investment policies. Social funds don't all use exactly the same screens, don't
all engage in the same level of shareholder activism, and don't all aim to have a
high social impact. Moreover, the term "socially responsible" encompasses two
groups of funds: religious and non-religious.
Religious offerings such as Amana Growth AMAGX (an Islamic fund) and
Timothy Plan TIMBX (a conservative Christian fund) screen out stocks that
violate particular religious tenets, and such screens vary considerably from
fund family to fund family. Many nonreligious funds, on the other hand, share
similar screens (although they are not the same by any means). Offerings such
as Domini Social Equity and Calvert Social Investment Fund Balanced CSIFX
search for companies with strong records on environmental, diversity, and
workplace issues. These same funds also tend to exclude alcohol, tobacco, and
weapons makers and many also reject nuclear power companies.
Large Cap
Domini Social Equity is a passively managed fund that tracks the Domini
Social index. All stocks in the index have passed a series of positive and
negative screens, and the final result is a list of 400 companies--approximately
250 from the S&P 500 and another 150 large- and mid-cap non-S&P 500
firms. Like many socially responsible funds, Domini Social Equity has a
growth tilt, although the fund still manages to land consistently in the large-
blend column of the style box. That fondness for growth stocks has helped this
fund to a superb record: Its three- and five-year returns best the S&P 500
index. Domini's shareholder activism gives the fund added appeal. A great core
holding.
Mid-Cap Value/Blend
Ariel Appreciation CAAPX is a solid fund that provides some much-needed
diversification to a socially conscious portfolio. Manager Erik McKissack
looks for undervalued stocks and finds a lot of his favorites in financials,
services, and industrial cyclicals. He doesn't invest much in technology,
making this offering a nice counterweight to the tech-heavy portfolios of most
other SRI offerings. The fund also holds a healthy dose of small caps.
McKissack runs a concentrated portfolio, though, which can lead to the
occasional rough spot, as this year's lackluster performance demonstrates.
Ariel isn't as aggressive in its social screening as many of its SRI peers.
Mid-Cap Growth
Citizens Emerging Growth WAEGX is an actively managed fund with a lot of
oomph. Manager Richard Little's earnings-momentum approach, along with a
concentrated portfolio and a huge technology stake (currently 40% of assets),
has delivered strong returns. Such aggressive traits will inevitably lead to
volatility, though. Unfortunately, the fund shares a family trait with Citizens
Index: an unpalatably high expense ratio. On the plus side, the fund uses
extensive positive and negative social screens.
Fixed Income
Calvert Social Investment Bond CSIBX is a straightforward fixed-income
choice. It invests mostly in mortgages and mid- to high-quality corporate
bonds. Just as with its stock funds, Calvert avoids bonds issued by firms that
fail their screens. For example, management eschews companies with poor
environmental and workplace records. Moreover, manager Greg Habeeb
doesn't buy Treasuries because their proceeds could finance government
defense spending. The fund's long-term record is respectable, and it has a
category rating of 4.
International
Here, social investors have to settle for average. Calvert World Values
International Equity CWVGX is one of the few socially screened international
funds available, and the only one with a three-year record. Manager Andrew
Preston looks for cheap stocks within undervalued markets. The fund lands in
the middle third of the foreign-stock group.
Dear Professor,
Filippo B.
HOLDINGS
Asset Allocation
Stocks 91.2% Convertible 0%
Bond 0% Cash/Equiv. 0%
Other 8.8%
Top Sectors Top Holdings
Total Net Total Net
Assets Assets
Electronic Technology 43.8% CISCO SYSTEMS INC 8.3%
Retail Trade 16.2 WAL-MART STORES INC 6.2
Health Technology 13.6 PFIZER INC. 4.7
Technology Services 8 AMERICA ONLINE INC 4.2
Consumer Services 4.3 HOME DEPOT INC (USA) 4
Communications 4.1 APPLIED MICRO CIRCUITS CORPORA 3.5
Commercial Services 3.1 MERCK & CO (USA) 3.5
Finance 2.5 COMVERSE TECHNOLOGY INC 2.3
Consumer Non-Durables 1.6 QUALCOMM (USA) 2.2
Transportation 0.7 JDS UNIPHASE CORP 2.1
Copyright © 2001 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFORMATION
Investment Small-Cap Core
Objective:
Investment The Fund seeks long-term capital growth and its secondary objective is current
Policy: income. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective while abiding by the ethical
standards established for investments by the Fund. The Fund invests primarily in
small-cap stocks and ADR's.
Other Share Timothy Plan: Timothy Plan Small Cap Value Fund; Class B Shares
Classes:
Fund Manager (Tenure): Awad & Associates Minimum Initial Investment: $1000
(since 1997) Maximum Sales Charge: 5.5%
Total Net Assets: $16.5 Million Maximum Redemption Charge: 0%
Phone: 800-662-0201 Total Expense Ratio: 1.6%
Distribution Channel: Dealer
HOLDINGS
Asset Allocation
Stocks 79.2% Convertible 0%
Bond 0% Cash/Equiv. 0%
Other 20.9%
Top Sectors Top Holdings
Total Net Total Net
Assets Assets
Finance 30.5% DORAL FINANCIAL CORP 8.6%
Electronic Technology 21.5 INVESTMENT TECHNOLOGY GROUP 6.9
Consumer Services 12.9 AVID TECHNOLOGY INC 5.3
Commercial Services 11.6 JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 'A' 5.2
Health Services 4.7 NORTH FORK BANCORP INC 5
Producer Manufacturing 4.6 RESEARCH IN MOTION LTD 5
Non-Energy Minerals 4 VENTIV HEALTH INC 4.1
Industrial Services 3.1 ANNUITY AND LIFE RE (HOLDINGS) 4.1
Process Industries 2.7 MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS INC 4
Technology Services 2.6 PENTON MEDIA INC 3.9
Copyright © 2001 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFORMATION
Investment Objective: Multi-Cap Value
Investment Policy: The Fund seeks capital appreciation. To a lesser extent, it seeks current
income.
Other Share Classes: MMA Praxis Mutual Funds: MMA Praxis Growth Fund; Class B Shares
Fund Manager Horning (since 2000) Minimum Initial Investment: $500
(Tenure): Nussbaum (since Maximum Sales Charge: 5.25%
2000)
Maximum Redemption Charge: 0%
Total Net Assets: $17.7 Million
Total Expense Ratio: 1.203%
Phone: 800-977-2947
Distribution Channel: NA
HOLDINGS
Asset Allocation
Stocks 1.8% Convertible 93.1%
Bond 0% Cash/Equiv. 5.1%
Other 0%
Top Sectors Top Holdings
Total Net Total Net
Assets Assets
Finance 17.1% FEDERAL NAT'L MRTGE ASSN. 3.7%
Electronic Technology 16.9 PEPSICO INCORPORATED 3.6
Producer Manufacturing 11.6 PFIZER INCORPORATED 3.3
Consumer Non-Durables 11.2 WELLS FARGO COMPANY 3.2
Health Technology 11.1 TELLABS 2.9
Industrial Services 7.1 WILLIAMS CO. INC. 2.9
Retail Trade 6.5 ST. JUDE MEDICAL, INC. 2.7
Communications 6.4 WILLAMETTE INDUSTRIES INC 2.7
Process Industries 5.2 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 2.6
Technology Services 4.1 BROADWING INC. 2.6
HOLDINGS
Asset Allocation
Stocks 93.2% Convertible 1.5%
Bond 0% Cash/Equiv. 5.3%
Other 0%
Top Sectors Top Holdings
Total Net Total Net
Assets Assets
Consumer Services 36.1% RADIO ONE, INC. CVT 6.5%, 7/15 32.9%
Electronic Technology 12.1 TENET HEALTHCARE CORP. 3.5
Finance 10.1 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 2.3
Technology Services 7.4 KINDER MORGAN, INC. 1.9
Health Technology 7 PFIZER, INC. 1.8
Health Services 5.3 CONCORD EFS, INC. 1.8
Producer Manufacturing 4.9 PAYCHEX, INC. 1.7
Commercial Services 4.5 HEALTH MGMT ASSOC. INC. 1.5
Retail Trade 3.9 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. 1.4
Industrial Services 3.1 WATERS, CORP. 1.3
http://www.homepage.villanova.edu/john.mcfadden
Footnotes:
* Late Friday in New York.
a Delayed 20 minutes.
b Nymex, CBOT, CME and after-hours electronic trading.
c As of 5:30 p.m. EST
d At close of day session on Friday.
** Settle prices for commodity futures reflect the most recent close of trading as follows:
Gold (Comex) - 2:30 p.m. EST, M-F
Oil (Nymex) - 3:10 p.m. EST, M-F
Copyright © 2001 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.