IRAQ UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

Academic Year 2017 – 2018

Department of Civil Engineering Seasonal Examination Stage: Third
Subject: Traffic Engineering Exam. Date: 30/ 12 /2017 Time: 90 min.
Examiner: Wisam Abdulla Najim AL-Halfi

Notes: Answer Two Questions

Q1/ a. Two groups of cars are timed over a distance of 700 m. Their flows
are recorded: The first group is timed at 60 seconds, with the flow at
4200 vehicles per hour. The second group take 30 seconds, with a
flow of 2100 vehicles per hour. Find free flow speed, jam density and
the maximum flow of the traffic stream. (8 marks)

b. Compare between AADT and AAWT. (2 marks)

Q2 / a. The following traffic data:

Annual average daily traffic = 21683 vph in both directions.
Trucks = 35%, Busses = 5%, grade = 2% and D% = 70/30.
Roadway type = Urban roadway.
Find number of lane (Design of roadway). (7 marks)

b. What is the meaning of fixed delay? (3 marks)

Q3 / a. 80 vehicles pass during (2 minutes) from roadway section and

average travel length (2 kilometers). Determine spacing and
headway. (5 marks)

b. Why are conducted to traffic volume studies? (5 marks)

Good Luck

Examiner Head of Department

Q1/a. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 (𝒗) =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

𝟎.𝟕
𝒗𝟏 = = 𝟒𝟐 kmph
𝟔𝟎/𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎

𝟎.𝟕
𝒗𝟐 = = 𝟖𝟒 kmph
𝟑𝟎/𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎

𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐪)
𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 (𝐤) =
𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 (𝐯)

𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒌𝟏 = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 vph
𝟒𝟐

𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒌𝟏 = = 𝟐𝟓 vph
𝟖𝟒

K (xi) V (yi) ( xi – 𝑥̅ ) ( yi – 𝑦̅ ) ( xi – 𝑥̅ ) * ( yi – 𝑦̅ ) ( xi –𝑥̅ )2

100 42 37.5 -21 -787.5 1406.25
25 84 - 37.5 21 -787.5 1406.25
125 126 -1575 2812.5

𝑥̅ = ( 125/ 2 ) = 62.5 kmph

𝑦̅ = ( 126 / 2 ) = 63 kmph

V=A–Bk

𝐴 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑏 𝑥̅ ,
∑𝑛
𝑖=1( 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )( 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦
̅)
𝐵= ∑𝑛 2
𝑖=1( 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )

B = (– 1575 / 2812.5) = – 0.56

𝐴
𝐵=
𝑘𝑗

𝐴 98
𝒌𝒋 = = = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 vpkm
𝐵 0.56

A = 63 – (– 0.56 x 62.5) = 98 kmph

𝐴2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥. =
4𝐵

q max. = ( 98x98 / ( 4x0.56)) = 4288 vph

2
Q1/b. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:

Annual average daily traffic, abbreviated AADT: is a measure used primarily in

transportation planning and transportation engineering. Traditionally, it is the total
volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days.

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝑨𝑨𝑫𝑻 =
𝟑𝟔𝟓

Annual average weekday traffic, abbreviated AAWT: is the total volume passing a
point or segment of a road for one full week.

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝑨𝑨𝑾𝑻 =
𝟐𝟔𝟎

Q2/a. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:

60 35 5
AADT = 21683 [( 𝑥1) + ( 𝑥2) + ( 𝑥3)] = 31441 PCU/hr.
100 100 100

DDHV =AADTD * K% * D%

AADT = 0.7 x 0.1 x 31441 = 2201PCU/hr/Lane

No. of lanes = ( DDHV/ RC )

RC = IC x RF

RF= FH.V x Fgrade

100 100
𝑭𝑯.𝑽 = = = 0.741
100+𝐻.𝑉%( 𝐸𝑝−1) 100+35(2−1)

𝐺% 2
F grade = 1 − =1− = 0.99
200 200

RC = 1000 x 0.741 x 0.99 = 733.59PCU/hr/lane.

2201
No. of lanes = ≅ 𝟑 lane
733.59

No. of lanes = 6 lane (Both directions).

3
Q2/b. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:

Fixed delay:
Is the delay that occurs the effect of certain fixed road conditions, occurs whether
or not crowded road.

 Traffic signal.
 Railway crossing.
 Roundabout.
 Stop sign.
Q3/a. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:

Sol.

Density = no. of vehs. / distance = 80 / 2 = 40 veh./km.

Spacing = 1000/ density = 1000/40 = 25 m /veh.

Speed = distance / time = (2/(2/60)) = 60 km/hr.

Flowrate= density x speed = 40 x 60 = 2400 veh./hr.

Headway = 3600/ flowrate = 3600/2400 = 1.5 sec/veh.

Q3/b. sol. 30 / 12 / 2017 seasonal:

Traffic volume studies are conducted to:

 Determine the number, movements, and classifications of roadway vehicles at

a given location.
 These data can help identify critical flow time periods.
 Determine the influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic
flow, or document traffic volume trends.