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Grade 8 Computer Studies
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TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
  Describe the main parts of a computer
  State the three basic operations in a computer system.
  Relate computer parts to the basic operations
  Identify a computer as a general purpose machine that operates under different
sets of instructions for various uses
  Differentiate between data and information.
  Components of a computer system

DEFINITION OF A COMPUTER
 A computer is an electronic machine which process, stores and retrieves information in
a desired manner or format.
The computer is made up of two elements i.e. hardware and software. Thus
educationally a computer: =hardware + software

TERMINOLOGIES
  HARDWARE: Any part of the computer that can be touched or handled e.g.
keyboard, mouse, monitor etc.
  SOFTWARE: Refers to a set of instructions or programs that the computer
follows e.g. operating software (windows 7, Ubuntu, Linux etc.) and application
software (Microsoft office package).
  PROGRAM: Set of instructions written in the language of the computer.

  DATA: Refers to unprocessed information

  INFORMATION: Refers to data processed and analyzed
  COMMUNICATION: Refers to sending and receiving information.
  COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY: It is a collection of facilities for
transmission (sending) and reception (receiving) information.

USES OF A COMPUTER
  Calculations
  Storage of data

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE 
1

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  Sorting information
  Create text

  Create spreadsheets
  Create drawings
  Create charts
  Sending and receiving messages from the electronic mail.
  Browsing the internet

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 ADVANTAGES OF A COMPUTER
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   Accuracy-

 
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A computer does not make mistakes on its own.
Speed _ computers are very fast, they can process data at the fast rate.
 
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Storage _ they can store vast information. They can also retrieve and search
what has been stored.
  It is user friendly.

DISADVANTAGES OF A COMPUTER
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  Strain injuries such as eye sight problems and headaches
  Since it is a programmable machine, it can’t understand anything out of
programming
  It loses information when there is no backup kept.

  Risk of neck, back and shoulder pair by not using a fully adjustable operator’s
chair.
  It is expensive to maintain
  It is vulnerable to viruses
  It is expensive to purchase

 ACTIVITY 1

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE 
2

1.  What is a computer?

2.  Mention two elements of a computer
3.  Define the following terms:
(i)  Program
(ii)  Data
(iii)  Hardware
(iv)  Information
4.  List any five uses of a computer.
5.  Why is a computer important to our everyday living?
6.   A computer is said to be accurate, what does the word accurate mean?
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

Computers are classified in five classes whose differences can be attributed to a number
of factors such as:
  Their physical size
  Their speed of processing data
  Their memory capacity
  Their storage capacity
  Their cost of acquisition
  Their hardware and software requirements
  Their environmental requirements
  Their ease of use

The five categories of computers are:

1.  Microcomputers
2.  Servers
3.  Minicomputers
4.  Mainframe computers
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Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE 
3
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5.  Supercomputers

NOTE: Their largeness in physic

above. This means that the mic

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  MICROCOMPUTERS
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These are single user computers
(PCs)  because of being single
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accomplish their work more prod
Microcomputers are the most wi
These include:
 Th ll i i
 

2.  SERVERS
Servers are not designed to be u
for people hooked up to a com

together so that they can exchan

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