Name : Muhammad Irfan Khair (23)

Tabrani Akbar Tahir (33)

Class : XII MS 6
Manual & Tips

1. Text
a. Manual

How to Use an Iron

Ironing can be hard activity for several person, even though today's technology
makes much simpler job of ironing. For those who still strugling in ironing your
clothes, here are some steps to use an iron properly.
Like any household task, your job will be easier if you prepare properly. It’s not
hard to know how to use an iron if you have an already-handy toolkit. For any ironing
task, keep the following items on-hand:

 Iron
 Ironing board
 Spray starch
 Towel

How to Use an Iron

1. Firstly plug your iron into a wall outlet close to your work area. After that set
the heat level to match the fabrics that you will be working with.
2. Lay out your ironing board, if available. If you do not have an ironing board,
place a bath towel on a flat surface, such as a table or counter-top.
3. Place your clothing item of the iron board or towel.
4. Spray starch can be used to give a nice finish to formal and business wear.
5. Begin to iron the clothes.
6. After ironing is complete, hang the clothes, allowing it sufficient time to cool
before wearing.

b. Tips
10 Tips to Take a Good Pictures
1. Learn Manual Mode
Like most people, I struggled to see the point in this when I bought my first digital
camera. Why couldn’t I just leave it on priority mode?
Manual mode is much like using an old film SLR from the 1960s, when they
didn’t have buttons like aperture priority and other modes modes that do it all for
you.
Being the only option, photographers were forced to learn to use their cameras in
manual. In doing so, they fully learnt how their cameras worked.
Once you know how to properly use your camera, it becomes much easier to spot
where you’re going wrong and to fix it.
 Priority modes are good for some situations. But once you know how to properly
shoot on manual, you’ll find there’s no need for them and you’ll get better photos
on your own.
2. Learn Basic Composition Techniques… and Then Forget Them
Once you’ve learnt basic composition techniques, such as the rule of thirds and
the use of leading lines, you start to look at everything differently. You’ll start
seeing and thinking how you might frame a photo, even when you haven’t got a
camera on you.
This knowledge sticks with you and subtly helps your photos improve from good
pictures to great pictures.
Well then, why forget them?
Simple. As a photographer, this becomes too obvious to be interesting and
you’ll become bored of your photos.
One of the main challenges of photography is to keep your photos fresh and
interesting. You can do this by pushing the boundaries of the ‘rules’ of
photography.
3. No On Camera Flash!
I can’t stress this enough so please pay attention. On camera flash (pop-up
especially) is incredibly unflattering to your subject and really flattens your image.
It could be from your DSLR camera or iPhone.
When the light comes from the same angle as the lens, you’re left without any of
the scene’s natural shadows. Photos with on-camera flash may as well have been
taken on your phone.
When I first started out, I hated the pop-up flash so much so that I didn’t consider
myself a ‘flash’ person. This lasted until a friend talked me into buying
an external flash unit.
I finally saw what I was missing – buy one now! Natural light as your only light
source can only get you so far in the search for better pictures.
4. Find a Fresh Perspective
As a tall person, I always find myself adjusting my height when taking photos of
people so that I’m not looking down on them.
I try to take this a little further where possible and find new ways of looking at
photos. If you follow professional photographers on social media, you might find
that they always present new ways in capturing professional shots.
Instead of mounting the camera on a tripod, why not use the floor or through a
crowd? Keeping a fresh perspective maintains fresh photos!
5. Zoom With Your Feet and Get Closer
I am my own telephoto lens and you are too!
Instead of zooming in, get involved in the photo. Look at things from a different
angle – this allows for a different perspective.
Search for the finer details that would usually be overlooked in a scene and make
these the subject if you really want the best photos.
Think before you shoot or you’ll forget to think at all.

6. Clean Up Your Background

 The background is as much a part of your photo as the subject so make sure it’s
not cluttered and messy. Moving your camera just a few degrees to the side may
make all the difference when it comes to cleaning up your shot.
Think about what’s in your viewfinder or on your screen. Ask yourself if each
individual element adds something to make it a great photo. If the answer is “no”,
it’s taking away from the photos.
Branches, sky and other people are just a few things to look out for. The branch in
the shot below really bugs me. You can use photo editing software, such as
Photoshop or a camera app.
7. Frame Your Subject
Look for a way to put a frame within a frame, like a doorway or window. In the
photo below I used a bluebell flower.
Framing can add context to your photos, telling the viewer a little more about
what’s going on and where the photo was taken.
Not only does this add a sense of depth but also another element of interest that
the photo didn’t have before. Try a close-up shot for a tighter frame.
8. Get Your White Balance Right!
This is so vitally important if you want good photos that I’ve written an entire post
on it here. I strongly suggest you read it.
The WB is all about the colour cast of your photos.
Shooting indoors without a flash often results in the people in your photos
appearing to have nasty orange coloured skin.
Mastering WB really sets you apart from other people, most of whom aren’t even
aware of the problem. It will dramatically improve your end results.
9. Use the Histogram
LCD displays on digital cameras are getting better these days but are still subject
to the environment you’re in.
If you’re out and about on a really sunny day, you’ll find that shading the display
with your hand doesn’t do the job when it comes to looking at photos.
The histogram is a mathematical representation of how well exposed an image is.
It’s a great basis for improving your photography (don’t worry, it’s not as
complicated as it sounds).It’s no use waiting until you get home to find out that
your photos are no good!
10. Practice Practice Practice
Rome wasn’t built in a day; if you want to get good at anything in life, you have
to work hard at it – these things don’t come for free.
The fortunate thing about photography is that it’s a lot of fun to play around with.
Even though you’ll still think you suck from time to time, with just a little
practice, you will always begin to see results in your photos.

Take the steps listed above and read some of the tutorials on this website – you’ll
be an expert in no time. Ready to post the best social media images to boost your
business.
2. Social function
a. Manual : The social function of manual is to tell how something is done
through sequence of basic and general steps to achieve a certain goal, usually
created by companies along with the products.
b. Tips : the social function of tips is to tell how to do something in alternative
and time efficient way in order to get the expected result, which is usually
created based on experience or knowledge of individuals.

3. Text structure
- Goal : this consists of the title of the thing that you want to achieve. Goal is what
you envision your result to be.
a. Manual text “How to Use an Iron”
b. Tips text “10 Tips to Take a Good Pictures”

- Materials : this consists of the materials that you need to prepare and use in the
process to achieve the goal.
a. Manual text
 Iron
 Ironing board
 Spray starch
 Towel
b. Tips
-
Note : This structure may or may not be in tips, because it is optional.

- Steps : steps are the process that you have to do with the materials to achieve the
goal.
a. Manual text
1. Firstly plug your iron into a wall outlet close to your work area. After
that set the heat level to match the fabrics that you will be working
with.
2. Lay out your ironing board, if available. If you do not have an ironing
board, place a bath towel on a flat surface, such as a table or counter-
top.
3. Place your clothing item of the iron board or towel.
4. Spray starch can be used to give a nice finish to formal and business
wear.
5. Begin to iron the clothes.
b. Tips
1. Learn Manual Mode
Like most people, I struggled to see the point in this when I bought my first digital
camera. Why couldn’t I just leave it on priority mode?
Manual mode is much like using an old film SLR from the 1960s, when they
didn’t have buttons like aperture priority and other modes modes that do it all for
you.
 Being the only option, photographers were forced to learn to use their cameras in
manual. In doing so, they fully learnt how their cameras worked.
Once you know how to properly use your camera, it becomes much easier to spot
where you’re going wrong and to fix it.
2……..
10. Practice Practice Practice
Rome wasn’t built in a day; if you want to get good at anything in life, you have
to work hard at it – these things don’t come for free.
The fortunate thing about photography is that it’s a lot of fun to play around with.
Even though you’ll still think you suck from time to time, with just a little
practice, you will always begin to see results in your photos.

- Result : result is the final form. The one that you have envisioned.
a. Manual text
After ironing is complete, hang the clothes, allowing it sufficient time to
cool before wearing.

b. Tips
Take the steps listed above and read some of the tutorials on this website –
you’ll be an expert in no time. Ready to post the best social media
images to boost your business.

4. Language feature
The language features here are both for manual and tips.
- Uses simple present tense. Both manual and tips use simple present tense. In this
case, mostly uses the tense. It uses simple present tense, because both texts are
used in present time.
- Uses imperative sentence. Imperative sentence consists of orders and prohibitions.
Both manual and tips uses imperative sentence because both texts tell people what
to do and what not to do. So, both texts need imperative sentence.
- Uses action verbs. Action verbs are verbs that are used to express verbs that can
be seen physically, not mentally. Action verbs like take, cut, grill, make, etc.
Examples :
 Manual text
“…plug your iron into a wall outlet…”
 Tips
“…to put a frame within a frame…”
- Uses temporal conjunction. Temporal conjunction is a conjunction that consists of
time. The examples are then, after, before, next, firsty, etc.
 Manual text
“Firstly plug your iron into …”
 Tips
 “Once you’ve learnt basic composition techniques..”
- Uses adverb of time. Adverb of time is the adverb that shows duration and period
of time. Adverb of time is used to tell timely-tied process. The examples are after
5 minutes, for 30 minutes, etc.

5. Similarities and differences

Similarities Differences

1) Both texts are procedural. Manual and 1) Manual tells people to do things in a basic
tips have the same type of text, which is and general way, while tips tell people the
procedural. Procedural text means that alternative way. What difference does it
the texts tell people how to do things in make? Manual has the “company way”
steps and talk about process to achieve which usually tells people the base of all
certain goals. ways to achieve the goal. While, tips has
the alternative, shortcut-type of ways, and
non-mandatory ways. So there are no
consequences in not following the
manual.
2) Both texts have the same language 2) Manual usually appears from companies.
features. Manual and tips are similar in While tips mostly comes from individuals
language features. Both use: simple based on their experience and/or
present tense, imperative sentence, action knowledge.
verbs, temporal conjunction, and adverb
of time.
3) Both texts have the same text structure. 3) Manual usually contains formal, strict,
Manual and tips are similar in text and machine-like language, sometimes,
structure. Both mostly use : goal, you have to be an expert to understand
materials (optional in tips), steps, and what it says. While tips have more loose,
result. daily intended language. So, tips has
understandable type of language.