3779_MM18_FM.

fm Page iii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM

EIGHTEENTH EDITION

THE

MERCK
MANUAL
OF
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY

MARK H. BEERS, MD, Editor-in-Chief

ROBERT S. PORTER, MD, Editor
THOMAS V. JONES, MD, MPH, Associate Editor
JUSTIN L. KAPLAN, MD, Senior Assistant Editor
MICHAEL BERKWITS, MD, MSCE, Assistant Editor

Editorial Board
Richard K. Albert, MD
Marjorie A. Bowman, MD, MPA
Sidney Cohen, MD
Jan Fawcett, MD
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Susan L. Hendrix, DO
Michael Jacewicz, MD
Gerald L. Mandell, MD, MACP
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
H. Ralph Schumacher, Jr., MD
David A. Spain, MD
Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH
Paul H. Tanser, MD, FRCP(C), FRCP (Glasgow)

Published by MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES

Division of MERCK & CO., INC.
Whitehouse Station, NJ
2006
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page iv Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM

Editorial and Production Staff

Executive Editor: Keryn A.G. Lane
Senior Staff Writer: Susan T. Schindler
Senior Staff Editor: Susan C. Short
Staff Editor: Michelle A. Hoffman
Production Editor: Melody Sadighi
Textbook Operations Manager: Diane C. Zenker
Manager, Electronic Publications: Barbara Amelia Nace
Project Manager: Diane Cosner-Bobrin
Executive Assistant: Jean Perry
Administrative Assistant: Marcia Yarbrough

Designer: Lorraine B. Kilmer

Illustrators: Michael Reingold
Christopher C. Butts
Indexer: Susan Thomas, PhD

Publisher: Gary Zelko

Advertising and Promotions Supervisor: Pamela J. Barnes-Paul
Subsidiary Rights Coordinator: Jeanne Nilsen
Sales and Service Specialist: Leta S. Bracy

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 1-31760

ISBN 0911910-18-2
ISSN 0076-6526

Copyright 2006 by Merck & Co., Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Inquiries should be
addressed to The Merck Manuals Department, P.O. Box 4, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point,
PA 19486.
Printed in the USA.

iv
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xiii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM

EDITORS
Editor-in-Chief
MARK H. BEERS, MD
Executive Director of Geriatrics and Clinical Literature, Merck & Co., Inc. and
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine

Editor
ROBERT S. PORTER, MD
Merck & Co., Inc. and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Jefferson Medical College

Associate Editor
THOMAS V. JONES, MD, MPH
Merck & Co., Inc. and Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Temple
University School of Medicine

Senior Assistant Editor

JUSTIN L. KAPLAN, MD
Merck & Co., Inc. and Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Jefferson Medical College

Assistant Editor
MICHAEL BERKWITS, MD, MSCE
Merck & Co., Inc. and Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine

EDITORIAL BOARD
RICHARD K. ALBERT, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, University
of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Chief of
Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center
MARJORIE A. BOWMAN, MD, MPA
Professor and Chair of Family Practice and
Community Medicine, University of Pennsyl-
vania School of Medicine
SIDNEY COHEN, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Research
Programs, Thomas Jefferson University
JAN FAWCETT, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of New
Mexico School of Medicine
EUGENE P. FRENKEL, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology,
Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distin-
guished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine
Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Can-
cer Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel,
MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in
Cancer Research, Harold C. Simmons Com-
prehensive Cancer Center, The University of
Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Editorial Board continues on the next page.

xiii
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xiv Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xiv EDITORS AND EDITORIAL BOARD
SUSAN L. HENDRIX, DO
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Hutzel Women’s Hospital
MICHAEL JACEWICZ, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Ten-
nessee Health Science Center and Veterans
Administration Medical Center, Memphis
GERALD L. MANDELL, MD, MACP
Professor of Medicine, Owen R. Cheatham
Professor of the Sciences, University of
Virginia Health Center
JOHN E. MORLEY, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology, Saint
Louis University Health Sciences Center;
Director, Geriatric Research, Education and
Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
H. RALPH SCHUMACHER, JR., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsyl-
vania School of Medicine; Chief of Rheuma-
tology, Department of Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, Philadelphia
DAVID A. SPAIN, MD
Professor of Surgery and Chief of Trauma/
Surgical Critical Care, Stanford University
PETER G. SZILAGYI, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, Division of
General Pediatrics, University of Rochester
School of Medicine and Dentistry
PAUL H. TANSER, MD, FRCP(C), FRCP
(Glasgow)
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster
University; Medical Head of Cardiology,
Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xv Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONSULTANTS
INA CALLIGARO, PharmD
Assistant Dean for Education and Associate
Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Temple Uni-
versity School of Pharmacy
Pediatric Pharmaceutical Preparations and
Dosages
ROBERT B. COHEN, DMD
Associate Professor of Dentistry and Practice
Coordinator, Tufts University School of Den-
tal Medicine
Dental Disorders
RALPH E. CUTLER, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma
Linda University School of Medicine; Con-
sultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VAMC
Genitourinary Disorders
DAVID P. HUSTON, MD
Cullen Professor of Immunology, Depart-
ments of Medicine and Immunology, Baylor
College of Medicine
Immunologic Disorders
SIDNEY N. KLAUS, MD
Professor of Medicine, Section of Dermatol-
ogy, Dartmouth Medical School
Dermatologic Disorders
JOANNE LYNN, MD, MA, MS
Senior Researcher, RAND Health, Arlington
Death and Dying Issues
NAYAHMKA MCGRIFF-LEE, PharmD
Senior Regional Medical Scientist, Glaxo-
SmithKline
Adult Pharmaceutical Preparations and
Dosages
MELVIN I. ROAT, MD
Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Phila-
delphia
Eye Disorders
JAMES R. ROBERTS, MD, FACEP,
FAAEM, FACMT
Professor and Vice Chair, Department of
Emergency Medicine and Director, Division
of Medical Toxicology, The Drexel Univer-
sity College of Medicine; Chair, Department
of Emergency Medicine and Director, Divi-
sion of Medical Toxicology, Mercy Catholic
Medical Center
Injuries and Poisoning
ROBERT J. RUBEN, MD, FACS, FAAP
Distinguished University Professor, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Department of
Otolaryngology, Montefiore Medical Center
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
xv
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Reviewers for Selected Chapters

Steven Berney, MD Gail P. Jarvik, MD, PhD
William C. Black, MD Peter Laibson, MD
Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP Allen S. Levine, PhD
John J. Caronna, MD Colonel David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS
Patricia Coyle, MD John S. Oghalai, MD
Dwight L. Evans, MD Ann Ouyang, MB, BS
Margery Gass, MD Stewart Shankel, MD
Laura C. Hanson, MD, MPH David R. Thomas, MD
Mary L. Hardy, MD Elise W. van der Jagt, MD, MPH
Jerome M. Hershman, MD James Wayne Warnica, MD, FRCP(C)
Helen Hoenig, MD Eric C. Westman, MD, MHS
Randall Hughes, MD

Acknowledgments
We thank the following for their editorial assistance: Rosalyn Carson-Dewitt, MD,
J. Ricker Polsdorfer, MD, Susan Spitz, MD, MSJ, and Oren Traub, MD, PhD. We
also thank Andrew J. Fletcher, MB, BChir, Sandra J. Masse, Debra G. Share, and
Jonathan S. Simmons, who assisted with initial editing of this book, and Maureen
Howard, Mary Evangelisto Miller, J. Donna LeBlanc, Beth A. Mescolotto, Nicole
L. Paul, and Regina A. Stamatis, who assisted with copyediting and proofreading.

xvi
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CONTRIBUTORS
MOIRA L. AITKEN, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington
Bronchiectasis
ROY D. ALTMAN, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheuma-
tology and Immunology, David Geffen
School of Medicine at University of Califor-
nia, Los Angeles
Joint Disorders; Paget’s Disease of Bone
BRADLEY D. ANAWALT, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University
of Washington; Assistant Chief of Medicine,
VA Puget Sound
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
KENNETH C. ANDERSON, MD
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School; Chief, Division of Hemato-
logic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Plasma Cell Disorders
GERALD L. ANDRIOLE, MD
Professor and Chief of Urologic Surgery,
Washington University School of Medicine;
Urologist-in-Chief, Barnes-Jewish Hospital,
St. Louis
Prostate Disease
BRIAN R. APATOFF, MD, PhD
Director, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and
Research Center, Department of Neurology and
Neuroscience, New York Presbyterian Hospital;
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Demyelinating Disorders
NOEL A. ARMENAKAS, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Urology, Cornell
Weill Medical School; Attending Surgeon,
Lenox Hill Hospital and New York Presbyterian
Hospital
Genitourinary Tract Trauma
J. MALCOLM O. ARNOLD, BSc, MD,
FRCP, FACC
Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharma-
cology, University of Western Ontario; Program
Leader, Circulation Group, Lawson Health
Research Institute; Research Director, Division
of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Center
Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies
JOHN A. ASTIN, PhD
California Pacific Medical Center, San
Francisco
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
GEORGE L. BAKRIS, MD
Professor of Preventive Medicine and Internal
Medicine and Director, Hypertension/Clinical
Research Center, Rush Medical Center
Arterial Hypertension
DAVID H. BARAD, MD, MS
Associate Clinical Professor, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx
Approach to the Gynecologic Patient
JOHN G. BARTLETT, MD
Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of
Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity School of Medicine
Acute Bronchitis; Pneumonia; Lung
Abscess
ROSEMARY BASSON, MD, FRCP (UK)
Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry,
University of British Columbia
Sexual Dysfunction in Women
BYRON E. BATTEIGER, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and
Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Indiana University School of Medicine
Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas
J. BRAD BELLOTTE, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Gen-
eral Hospital, Pittsburgh
Spinal Trauma
CHESTON M. BERLIN, JR., MD
University Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State
Children’s Hospital, M. S. Hershey Medical
Center, Hershey
Principles of Drug Treatment in Children
BRIAN M. BERMAN, MD
Professor of Family Medicine; Director, Cen-
ter for Integrative Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
xvii
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xviii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xviii CONTRIBUTORS
RICHARD W. BESDINE, MD
Professor of Medicine, Greer Professor of
Geriatric Medicine, and Director, Division of
Geratrics (Medicine) and Director of Center
for Gerontology and Healthcare Research,
Brown Medical School
Geriatric Medicine
ALBERT BIGLAN, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor of Ophthalmol-
ogy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medi-
cine; Staff Physician, Children’s Hospital of
Pittsburgh
Eye Defects and Conditions
JOSEPH J. BIUNDO, MD
Medical Director of Rehabilitation, Kenner
Regional Medical Center
Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Fibromyalgia
SEAN BLACKWELL, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Wayne State University
School of Medicine, Hutzel Women’s Hospital
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
ANN S. BOTASH, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New
York, Upstate Medical University
Child Maltreatment
ALFRED A. BOVE, MD, PhD
Chief of Cardiology, Cardiology Section,
Temple University School of Medicine
Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed
Air
KAREN BOWEN, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, The
George Washington University; Associate
Medical Director, Community Hospices of
The Washington Home
The Dying Patient
THOMAS G. BOYCE, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant in
Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic
Gastroenteritis
PETER C. BRAZY, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-
Madison
Abnormal Renal Transport Syndromes;
Anomalies in Kidney Transport
CHRISTIAN M. BRIERY, MD
Fellow, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University
of Mississippi Medical Center
High-Risk Pregnancy
GEORGE R. BROWN, MD
Professor and Associate Chairman, Department
of Psychiatry, East Tennessee State University;
Chief of Psychiatry, Mountain Home VAMC
Sexuality and Sexual Disorders
HAYWOOD L. BROWN, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Obstet-
rics and Gynecology, Duke University Medi-
cal Center
Normal Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery
ROBERT G. BRZYSKI, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology, The University of Texas Health Sci-
ence Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
REBECCA H. BUCKLEY, MD
J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and
Professor of Immunology, Duke University
Medical Center
Immunodeficiency Disorders
ANGELA CAFIERO, PharmD, CGP
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy,
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia,
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; Clinical
Pharmacy Specialist-Geriatrics, Philadelphia
VA Medical Center
Pharmacodynamics
CHARLES LEE CAPERTON II, MD
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology, The University of Texas Health Sci-
ence Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
JOHN J. CARONNA, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology and Vice
Chairman, Department of Neurology and
Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cor-
nell University
Stupor and Coma
MARY T. CASERTA, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Den-
tistry; Attending Physician, Golisano Chil-
dren’s Hospital at Strong
Enteroviruses; Other Viruses; Neonatal Infec-
tions
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xix Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
BRUCE A. CHABNER, MD
Professor of Medicine and Clinical Director,
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Cen-
ter and Harvard Medical School
Principles of Cancer Therapy
IAN M. CHAPMAN, MBBS, PhD
Associate Professor of Endocrinology, Uni-
versity of Adelaide; Department of Medicine,
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Pituitary Disorders
RACHEL L. CHAPMAN, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics,
Yale University School of Medicine
Perinatal Physiology; Approach to the Care
of Infants and Children; Caring for Sick Chil-
dren and Their Families
LAN X. CHEN, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant Professor and Attending
Rheumatologist, University of Pennsylvania
Medical Center-Presbyterian and VAMC
Infections of Joints and Bones
WILLIAM D. CHEY, MD, FACG, FACP
Associate Professor, Director of Gastrointestinal
Physiology Laboratory, University of Michigan
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies
JILL M. CHOLETTE, MD
Critical Care Pediatrics Fellow, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
WILLIAM J. COCHRAN, MD
Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics,
Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA
Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies; Gas-
trointestinal Disorders in Neonates and Infants
ALAN S. COHEN, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine (Emeri-
tus), Boston University School of Medicine;
Editor-in-Chief, Amyloid: The Journal of Pro-
tein Folding Disorders
Amyloidosis
ROBERT B. COHEN, DMD
Associate Professor of Dentistry and Practice
Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental
Medicine
Approach to the Dental Patient; Dental Emer-
gencies; Common Dental Disorders; Approach
to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyn-
geal Symptoms; Facial Trauma
xix
SIDNEY COHEN, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Research
Programs, Thomas Jefferson University
Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease; Esoph-
ageal and Swallowing Disorders
NANANDA F. COL, MD, MPP, MPH,
FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown Uni-
versity Medical School
Clinical Decision Making
KATHRYN COLBY, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Har-
vard Medical School; Attending Surgeon,
Cornea Service and Director of the Joint Clin-
ical Research Center, Massachusetts Eye and
Ear Infirmary
Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient
DANIEL W. COLLISON, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery,
Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical
School
Psoriasis and Scaling Diseases; Pigmenta-
tion Disorders; Sweating Disorders; Benign
Tumors; Pressure Ulcers
EVE R. COLSON, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale
University School of Medicine; Director,
Well Newborn Nursery, Yale-New Haven
Hospital
Perinatal Physiology; Approach to the Care
of Infants and Children; Caring for Sick Chil-
dren and Their Families
MARY ANN COOPER, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medi-
cine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
BRYAN D. COWAN, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstet-
rics and Gynecology; University of Missis-
sippi Medical Center
Uterine Fibroids
JILL P. CRANDALL, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Endocrinol-
ogy, Diabetes Research and Training Center,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohy-
drate Metabolism
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xx Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xx CONTRIBUTORS
RICARDO CRUCIANI, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant and Professor, Department
of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Ein-
stein College of Medicine; Director, Research
Division, Department of Pain Medicine and
Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Neurotransmission
BURKE A. CUNHA, MD
Professor of Medicine, State University of
New York School of Medicine; Chief, Infec-
tious Disease Division, Winthrop-University
Hospital, Mineola
Spirochetes; Gram-Negative Bacilli
EMMETT T. CUNNINGHAM, JR., MD,
PhD, MPH
Professor of Ophthalmology and Director, The
Uveitis Service, New York University School of
Medicine; Senior Vice President, Medical Strat-
egy, Eyetech Pharmaceuticals
Uveitis
DREW C. CUTLER, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Loma
Linda University School of Medicine
Cystic Kidney Disease
RALPH E. CUTLER, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma
Linda University School of Medicine; Con-
sultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VAMC
Approach to the Genitourinary Patient; Renal
Replacement Therapy; Tubulointerstitial Dis-
eases; Urinary Tract Infections
PATRICIA A. DALY, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine,
University of Virginia; Clinical Endocrinolo-
gist, Front Royal, VA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
JOHANNA P. DAILY, MD
Associate Physician, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital; Instructor, Harvard Medical School
Viruses
DANIEL F. DANZL, MD
Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine,
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injury
NORMAN L. DEAN, MD, FCCP
Pulmonologist, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics,
North Carolina Department of Corrections;
Director of Airway Clinics, North Carolina
Correctional Institution for Women
Near Drowning
ALAN H. DeCHERNEY, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology,
David Geffen School of Medicine at Univer-
sity of California, Los Angeles
Endometriosis
RONALD DEE, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Peripheral Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
PETER J. DELVES, PhD
Reader in Immunology, Department of
Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Divi-
sion of Infection and Immunity, University
College London
Biology of the Immune System
CRAIG S. DERKAY, MD
Professor, Otolaryngology and Pediatrics,
Eastern Virginia Medical School; Director,
Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital
of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk
Oropharyngeal Disorders
ARA DerMARDEROSIAN, PhD
Professor of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal
Chemistry, Roth Chair of Natural Products,
Scientific Director, Complementary and
Alternative Medicine Institute, University of
the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia
College of Pharmacy
Dietary Supplements
DEEPINDER KAUR K. DHALIWAL, MD
Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine; Director of Cornea/
External Disease and Director of Refractive
Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center Eye Center; Medical Director, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Laser
Center
Refractive Error
DAMIAN DHAR, MD
Private Practice
Bacterial Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infec-
tions
JAMES G. H. DINULOS, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
(Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
and Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth
Parasitic Skin Infections; Viral Skin Diseases;
Cornification Disorders
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxi Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
CAROLINE CARNEY DOEBBELING,
MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Inter-
nal Medicine, Indiana University School of
Medicine; Research Scientist, Regenstrief
Institute
Approach to the Patient With Mental Complaints
KARL DOGHRAMJI, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Jefferson Medical College; Director, Sleep
Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Sleep and Wakefulness Disorders
SOUMITRA R. EACHEMPATI, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Weill Medi-
cal College of Cornell University
Approach to the Critically Ill Patient
JOHN E. EDWARDS, JR., MD
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School
of Medicine at University of California, Los
Angeles; Los Angeles Biomedical Research
Institute at Harbor-UCLA
Fungi
DAVID EIDELBERG, MD
Professor, Departments of Neurology and
Neurosurgery, New York University School of
Medicine; Director, Center for Neuroscience,
North Shore–Long Island Jewish Research
Institute
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
SHERMAN ELIAS, MD
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Depart-
ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North-
western University, Feinberg School of Medi-
cine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Prentice Women’s Hospital of Northwestern
Memorial Hospital
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
JAN FAWCETT, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of New
Mexico School of Medicine
Mood Disorders
NORAH C. FEENY, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychia-
try and Psychology, University Hospitals of
Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University
Medical Examination of the Rape Victim
WAYNE S. FENTON, MD
Associate Director for Clinical Affairs, National
Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
xxi
THOMAS M. FILE, JR., MD, MS
Professor of Internal Medicine and Master
Teacher, Northeastern Ohio Universities Col-
lege of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease
Service, Summa Health System
Gram-Positive Cocci; Gram-Positive Bacilli
MICHAEL C. FIORE, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Center
for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin Medical School
Smoking Cessation
CHIN-TO FONG, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Biochemistry
& Biophysics, and Dentistry, and Chief,
Division of Pediatric Genetics, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Inherited Disorders of Metabolism
STEVEN D. FREEDMAN, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School; Director, The Pancreas Cen-
ter, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Pancreatitis
EUGENE P. FRENKEL, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiol-
ogy, Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distin-
guished Chair in Cancer Research; Elaine
Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer
Research in honor of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD;
and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer
Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehen-
sive Cancer Center, The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Overview of Cancer; Spleen Disorders; Ane-
mias Caused by Hemolysis; Anemias Caused
by Deficient Erythropoiesis; Approach to the
Patient With Anemia; Iron Overload
MARVIN P. FRIED, MD
Professor and University Chairman, Depart-
ment of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein Col-
lege of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center
Facial Trauma; Nose and Paranasal Sinus
Disorders
STEVEN M. FRUCHTMAN, MD
Medical Director of Hematology, Tibotec
Therapeutics, Bridgewater, NJ
Myeloproliferative Disorders
DMITRY GABRILOVICH, MD, PhD
Professor of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Immu-
nology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry,
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of
South Florida
Tumor Immunology
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxii CONTRIBUTORS
MARC GALANTER, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Division
of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, New York
University
Drug Use and Dependence
JAMES GARRITY, MD
Professor of Ophthalmology and Consultant,
Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic
Optic Nerve Disorders; Orbital Disorders
BRIAN K. GEHLBACH, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University
of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
JAMES N. GEORGE, MD
Presidential Professor, Presbyterian Health
Foundation; Professor of Medicine, Hematol-
ogy-Oncology Section, The University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction;
Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
DAVID M. GERSHENSON, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of
Gynecologic Oncology and J. Taylor Wharton,
MD, Distinguished Chair in Gynecologic
Oncology, The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center
Gynecologic Tumors
ELIAS A. GIRALDO, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Neuro-
surgery, University of Tennessee College of
Medicine; Director, Comprehensive Stroke
Center and Neurological Critical Care, Uni-
versity of Tennessee Health Science Center
Stroke
BARRY STEVEN GOLD, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hop-
kins University School of Medicine; Assistant
Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine,
Department of Surgery, University of Maryland
School of Medicine
Bites and Stings
ANNE CAROL GOLDBERG, MD, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington
University School of Medicine
Lipid Disorders
STEPHEN E. GOLDFINGER, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndrome
STEVEN R. GOLDSTEIN, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New
York University School of Medicine; Direc-
tor of Gynecologic Ultrasound, Co-Director,
Bone Densitometry, New York University
Medical Center
Menstrual Abnormalities
M. JAY GOODKIND, MD
Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine; Chairman (Emeritus) of Clinical
Cardiology, Capital Health System, Mercer
Hospital Campus, Trenton
Cardiac Tumors
NORTON J. GREENBERGER, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital
Approach to the Patient With Upper GI Com-
plaints; Diagnostic and Therapeutic GI Procedures
JOHN H. GREIST, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of
Wisconsin; Distinguished Senior Scientist,
Madison Institute of Medicine
Anxiety Disorders
ASHLEY B. GROSSMAN, BA, BSc, MD,
FRCP, FMedSci
Professor of Neuroendocrinology and Honor-
ary Consultant Physician, St. Bartholomew’s
Hospital, London
Adrenal Disorders
JOHN G. GUNDERSON, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School; Director of Center for Treatment and
Research on Borderline Personality Disorder,
McLean Hospital
Personality Disorders
JERRY H. GURWITZ, MD
Chief, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Univer-
sity of Massachusetts Medical School; Execu-
tive Director, Meyers Primary Care Institute,
Worcester
Drug Therapy in the Elderly
JESSE HALL, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia
and Critical Care and Section Chief, Pulmonary
and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxiii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
JUDITH G. HALL, OC, MD, FRCP(C),
FAAP, FCCMG, FABMG
Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics
(Emeritus), The University of British Colum-
bia and Children’s and Women’s Health Centre
of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics,
British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital
Chromosomal Abnormalities; General Prin-
ciples of Medical Genetics
JOHN W. HALLETT, JR., MD, FACS
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Medical Uni-
versity of South Carolina; Medical Director,
Roper St. Francis Heart and Vascular Center,
Charleston
Diseases of the Aorta and Its Branches;
Peripheral Arterial Disorders
KEVIN C. HAZEN, PhD, D(ABMM)
Professor of Pathology and Microbiology and
Director of Clinical Microbiology, University
of Virginia Health System
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Disease
DAVID M. HEIMBACH, MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Washing-
ton Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center
Burns
R. PHILLIPS HEINE, MD
Associate Professor and Director, Division of
Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University
Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prena-
tal Care
SUSAN L. HENDRIX, DO
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecol-
ogy, Wayne State University School of Medicine,
Hutzel Women’s Hospital
Menopause
JEROME M. HERSHMAN, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine;
Associate Chief, Endocrinology and Diabetes
Division, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
Thyroid Disorders
MARTIN HERTL, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Transplanta-
tion Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
ROBERT M. A. HIRSCHFELD, MD
Titus H. Harris Chair, Professor and Chair, Depart-
ment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Uni-
versity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Suicidal Behavior
xxiii
BRIAN D. HOIT, MD
Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve
University; Director of Echocardiography,
University Hospitals of Cleveland
Pericarditis
WAUN KI HONG, MD
American Cancer Society Professor and Sam-
sung Distinguished University Chair in Cancer
Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Department of
Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, and
Head, Division of Cancer Medicine, The Univer-
sity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
CYNTHIA R. HOWARD, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Approach to the Care of Infants and Children
DANIEL A. HUSSAR, PhD
Remington Professor of Pharmacy, University
of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia
College of Pharmacy
Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
MICHAEL G. ISON, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Northwestern Univer-
sity, Feinberg School of Medicine
Arboviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, and
Filoviridae
MASAYOSHI ITOH, MD
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine;
Senior Management Consultant, Coler-Gold-
water Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility
Rehabilitation
MICHAEL JACEWICZ, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Ten-
nessee Health Science Center and Veterans
Administration Medical Center, Memphis
Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve
Disorders; Approach to the Neurologic Patient;
Meningitis; Brain Infections
JON A. JACOBSON, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology and Direc-
tor, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology,
University of Michigan
Principles of Radiologic Imaging
JAMES W. JEFFERSON, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of
Wisconsin; Distinguished Senior Scientist,
Madison Institute of Medicine
Anxiety Disorders
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxiv Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxiv CONTRIBUTORS
LARRY E. JOHNSON, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Geriatrics and Family
and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkan-
sas for Medical Sciences; Attending Physician,
Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity
ROBERT G. JOHNSON, MD
C. Rollins Hanlon Professor and Chairman,
Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University
School of Medicine
Care of the Surgical Patient
BRIAN D. JOHNSTON
Director of Education and President, Interna-
tional Association of Resistance Trainers Fit-
ness Certification Institute, Ontario
Exercise and Sports Injury
HUGH F. JOHNSTON, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of
Psychiatry and Office of Continuing Medical
Education, University of Wisconsin Medical
School
Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
NICHOLAS JOSPE, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department
of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Denistry
Metabolic, Electrolyte, and Toxic Disorders in
Neonates; Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
in Children
ANAND D. KANTAK, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics,
Northeast Ohio College of Medicine, Roots-
town; Director, Division of Neonatology,
Children’s Hospital Medical Center of Akron
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants,
and Young Children
KENNETH M. KAYE, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Herpesviruses
MICHAEL J. KEATING, MBBS
Professor of Medicine, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Leukemias
JAMES W. KENDIG, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State University
College of Medicine, Hershey
Perinatal Problems
TALMADGE E. KING, JR., MD
Chief, Medical Services, San Francisco General
Hospital; The Constance B. Wofsy Distinguished
Professor and Vice-Chairman, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Interstitial Lung Diseases
JOEL KLINE, MD, MSC
Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical
Care & Occupational Medicine, University of
Iowa College of Medicine; Professor, Depart-
ment of Occupational Environmental Health,
College of Public Health, University of Iowa
Interstitial Lung Diseases
JAMES P. KNOCHEL, MD
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, Univer-
sity of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas; Past Chairman, Department of Internal
Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas
Heat Illness
MARCI KOCH, MD
Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, Uni-
versity of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Traumatic Brain Injury
DAVID N. KORONES, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology,
and Neurology, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Dentistry
Pediatric Cancers
JULES Y. T. LAM, MD, FRCP(C)
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of
Montreal; Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute
Arteriosclerosis
LEWIS LANDSBERG, MD
Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean,
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of
Medicine
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
NANCY E. LANPHEAR, MD
Director of the Developmental Assessment
Team for Infants and Toddlers and Pediatric
Developmental Specialist, Cincinnati Chil-
dren’s Hospital Medical Center
Behavioral Concerns and Problems
NOAH LECHTZIN, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine,
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine
Approach to the Patient With Pulmonary
Symptoms
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxv Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
MATHEW H. M. LEE, MD
Howard A. Rusk Professor of Rehabilitation
Medicine and Chairman, Department of
Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine
Rehabilitation
HARVEY LEMONT, DPM
Professor, Department of Medicine, Pennsyl-
vania College of Podiatric Medicine
Foot and Ankle Disorders
JOSEPH R. LENTINO, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Loyola University
Stritch School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious
Diseases, Hines VA Hospital
Anaerobic Bacteria
NORMA B. LERNER, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Golisano
Children’s Hospital at Strong
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
MATTHEW E. LEVISON, MD
Professor of Medicine and Public Health,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Drexel Uni-
versity College of Medicine
Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs
JAMES L. LEWIS III, MD
Nephrology Associates, P.C. of Birmingham;
Baptist Health System, Princeton and Mont-
clair, Birmingham
Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism
PAUL LAWRENCE LIEBERT, MD
Private Practice
Exercise and Sports Injury
RICHARD W. LIGHT, MD
Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt Univer-
sity; Director, Pulmonary Disease Program,
Saint Thomas Hospital
Mediastinal and Pleural Disorders
GREGORY S. LIPTAK, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Roches-
ter Medical Center; Medical Director, Kirch
Developmental Services Center
Congenital Neurologic Anomalies; Congenital
Craniofacial and Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
JEFFREY M. LIPTON, MD, PhD
Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology/
Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation,
xxv
Schneider Children’s Hospital; Professor of
Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Histiocytic Syndromes
ELLIOT M. LIVSTONE, MD, FACP, FACG
Attending Physician, Sarasota Memorial Hos-
pital, Sarasota, FL
Tumors of the GI Tract
CHARLES J. LOCKWOOD, MD
The Anita O’Keefe Young Professor and Chair,
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School
of Medicine; Chief, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Abnormalities of Pregnancy
MICHAEL LONDNER, MD, MPH, MBA
Assistant Professor, Department of Emer-
gency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders
PHILIP LOW, MD
Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College
of Medicine
Autonomic Nervous System
PAUL D. LUI, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Uro-
logy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Voiding Disorders; Penile and Scrotal Disorders
JOANNE LYNN, MD, MA, MS
Senior Researcher, RAND Health, Arlington
The Dying Patient
EDWARD R. MARCANTONIO, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School; Director of Research, Divi-
sion of General Medicine, Beth Israel Dea-
coness Medical Center
Delirium and Dementia
RICHARD J. MARTIN, MD
Professor of Medicine, National Jewish Med-
ical and Research Center and University of
Colorado Health Sciences Center
Asthma
MICHAEL A. MATTHAY, MD
Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia, Uni-
versity of California at San Francisco and The
Cardiovascular Research Institute
Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Dis-
tress Syndrome
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxvi Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxvi CONTRIBUTORS
JOHN T. McBRIDE, MD
Professor and Vice-Chair of Pediatrics, Northeast
Ohio College of Medicine, Rootstown; Vice-
Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Chil-
dren’s Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants,
and Young Children
MARGARET C. McBRIDE, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio College
of Medicine; Director, Neurodevelopmental
Center and Chief, Division of Neurology,
Akron Children’s Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children
DANIEL J. McCARTY, MD
Will and Cava Ross Professor of Medicine
(Emeritus), Medical College of Wisconsin
Crystal-Induced Arthritides
J. ALLEN McCUTCHAN, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Diseases, University of California at San Diego
School of Medicine
Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Human Immu-
nodeficiency Virus
ROBERT S. McKELVIE, MD, PhD,
FRCP(C)
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiol-
ogy, McMaster University and Hamilton
Health Sciences
Sports and the Heart
KAREN McKOY, MD
Clinical Instructor, Department of Dermatol-
ogy, Harvard Medical School; Senior Staff,
Department of Dermatology, Lahey Clinic
Dermatitis; Acne and Related Disorders;
Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy
JAMES I. McMILLAN, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda
University; Chief, Nephrology Section, VA
Loma Linda Healthcare System
Glomerular Diseases
S. GENE McNEELEY, MD
Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Urology, Wayne State University School of
Medicine, Hutzel Women’s Hospital
Benign Gynecologic Lesions; Pelvic Relaxation
Syndromes
NOSHIR R. MEHTA, DMD, MDS, MS
Professor and Chairman of General Dentistry
and Director, Craniofacial Pain Center, Tufts
University School of Dental Medicine
Temporomandibular Disorders
DANIEL MENKES, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, University
of Tennessee, Health Sciences Center at
Memphis; Director, Clinical Neurophysiol-
ogy Service and Winston Wolfe Peripheral
Neuropathy Research Laboratory
Seizure Disorders; Peripheral Nervous Sys-
tem Disorders
DANIEL R. MISHELL, JR., MD
The Lyle G. McNeile Professor and Chair-
man, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecol-
ogy, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California
Family Planning
L. BRENT MITCHELL, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Cardiac Sci-
ences, University of Calgary; Professor and
Head, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Calgary
Health Region; Director, Libin Cardiovascular
Institute of Alberta
Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders
RICHARD T. MIYAMOTO, MD
Arilla Spence DeVault Professor and Chairman,
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck
Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
JOEL L. MOAKE, MD
Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of
Medicine; Associate Director, Biomedical
Engineering Laboratory, Rice University
Hemostasis; Coagulation Disorders; Throm-
botic Disorders
JULIE S. MOLDENHAUER, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Chicago
Postpartum Care
JOHN E. MORLEY, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology, Saint
Louis University Health Sciences Center;
Director, Geriatric Research, Education and
Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Undernutrition; Principles of Endocrinology;
Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity
JOHN MORRISON, MD
Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediat-
rics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
High-Risk Pregnancy
CARLENE A. MUTO, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Epide-
miology, University of Pittsburgh; Medical
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxvii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
Director, Division of Hospital Epidemiology
and Infection Control, University of Pitts-
burgh Medical Center
Neisseriaceae
RAJ K. NARAYAN, MD
Frank H. Mayfield Professor and Chairman,
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cin-
cinnati College of Medicine, The Neuroscience
Institute, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati
Traumatic Brain Injury
EDWARD A. NARDELL, MD
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical
School, Harvard School of Public Health;
Department of Social Medicine and Health
Inequalities, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Mycobacteria
LAWRENCE F. NAZARIAN, MD
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Approach to the Care of Infants and Children;
Approach to the Care of Adolescents; Physical
Growth and Development
JOHN H. NEWMAN, MD
Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism; Pulmonary Hypertension
LEE S. NEWMAN, MD, MA
Professor of Medicine and Head, Division of
Environmental and Occupational Health Sci-
ences, National Jewish Medical and Research
Center; Professor of Medicine and Professor
of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Divi-
sion of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical
Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver
Health Sciences Center
Environmental Pulmonary Diseases; Sarcoi-
dosis
JENNIFER R. NIEBYL, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa College
of Medicine
Conception and Prenatal Development
MARY LYNN R. NIERODZIK, MD
Associate Professor, New York University
School of Medicine
Eosinophilic Disorders
xxvii
DEBORAH L. NUCATOLA, MD
Fellow, Family Planning, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of
Medicine, University of Southern California
Family Planning
JAMES M. O’BRIEN, MD
Instructor/Fellow, Division of Pulmonary Sci-
ences and Critical Care Medicine, University
of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Tests of Pulmonary Function
GERALD F. O’MALLEY, DO
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson Uni-
versity Hospital; Director of Toxicology,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert
Einstein Medical Center; Faculty Consultant,
Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia
Poisoning
JOHN S. OGHALAI, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryn-
gology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor
College of Medicine
Inner Ear Disorders; Facial Trauma
ELIZABETH J. PALUMBO, MD
Private Practice, The Pediatric Group, Fair-
fax, VA
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Children
MYUNG K. PARK, MD
Professor (Emeritus), Division of Pediatric
Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science
Center, San Antonio; Staff Cardiologist, Driscoll
Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi
Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
STEPHEN G. PAUKER, MD, MACP
Sara Murray Jordan Professor of Medicine,
Tufts University School of Medicine; Associ-
ate Physician-in-Chief, Tufts–New England
Medical Center
Clinical Decision Making
RICHARD D. PEARSON, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Univer-
sity of Virginia School of Medicine
Nematodes (Roundworms); Intestinal Protozoa;
Extraintestinal Protozoa; Approach to Parasitic
Infections; Cestodes (Tapeworms); Trematodes
(Flukes)
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxviii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxviii CONTRIBUTORS
LAWRENCE L. PELLETIER, JR., MD
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of
Kansas School of Medicine; Staff Physician,
Robert J. Dole VA Medical and Regional
Office Center, Wichita
Endocarditis
FRANK PESSLER, MD, PhD
Fellow, Rheumatology and Immunology, The
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Rheumatic Fever; Bone and Connective Tissue
Disorders in Children
WILLIAM A. PETRI, JR., MD, PhD
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiol-
ogy and Chief, Division of Infectious Dis-
eases and International Health, University of
Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsiae and Related Organisms
KATHARINE A. PHILLIPS, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Brown Medical School; Director, Body Dys-
morphic Disorder Program, Butler Hospital
Somatoform and Factitious Disorders
SIDNEY F. PHILLIPS, MD
Professor of Medicine, Karl F. and Marjory
Hasselmann Professor of Research, Mayo Clinic
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Com-
plaints
RUSSELL K. PORTENOY, MD
Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Chair-
man, Department for Pain Medicine and Pal-
liative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Pain
CAROL S. PORTLOCK, MD
Attending Physician, Lymphoma Service,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Lymphomas
GLENN M. PREMINGER, MD
Professor of Urologic Surgery and Director,
Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center,
Duke Medical Center
Urinary Calculi
DOUGLAS J. PRITCHARD, MD
Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery and Oncol-
ogy, Mayo Foundation, Rochester
Tumors of Bones and Joints
SALLY PULLMAN-MOOAR, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Veterans
Administration Medical Center
Neck and Back Pain
RONALD RABINOWITZ, MD
Professor of Urology and Pediatrics and
Chief of Pediatric Urology, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Congenital Renal and Genitourinary Anomalies
LAWRENCE G. RAISZ, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, UConn
Center for Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
PEDRO T. RAMIREZ, MD
Assistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology
Department, The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center
Gynecologic Tumors
ROBERT W. REBAR, MD
Executive Director, American Society for
Reproductive Medicine; Volunteer Clinical
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology, University of Alabama
Infertility
ALICIA M. REESE, PharmD, MS
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy,
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University
of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Trade Names of Some Commonly Used Drugs
WINGFIELD E. REHMUS, MD, MPH
Co-Director of Clinical Trials and Clinical
Instructor, Stanford University Department of
Dermatology
Bullous Diseases; Hypersensitivity and Inflam-
matory Disorders; Nail Disorders; Hair Dis-
orders
NORMAN RELKIN, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuro-
science, Weill Medical College of Cornell
University; Director, Cornell Memory Disor-
ders Program, Weill Medical College of Cor-
nell University
Function and Dysfunction of the Cerebral Lobes
DOUGLAS J. RHEE, MD
Assistant Professor of Opthalmology, Wills
Eye Hospital; Assistant Professor of Pathology,
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxix Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medi-
cal College
Glaucoma
MELVIN I. ROAT, MD
Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Phila-
delphia
Eyelid Disorders; Corneal Disorders; Con-
junctival and Scleral Disorders; Cataract;
Eye Injuries
KENNETH B. ROBERTS, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of North
Carolina School of Medicine; Director, Pedi-
atric Teaching Program, Moses Cone Health
System, Greensboro
Dehydration and Fluid Therapy
BERYL J. ROSENSTEIN, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins
Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Cystic Fibrosis
LANNY J. ROSENWASSER, MD
Marjorie and Stephen Raphael Chair in
Asthma Research; Professor, Division of
Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish
Medical and Research Center; Professor of
Medicine and Immunology, University of
Colorado Health Science Center
Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
ROBERT J. RUBEN, MD, FACS, FAAP
Distinguished University Professor, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Department of
Otolaryngology, Montefiore Medical Center
Hearing Loss
FRED H. RUBIN, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pitts-
burgh, School of Medicine; Chair, Depart-
ment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center Presbyterian Shadyside Hos-
pital, Shadyside Campus
Immunization
MICHAEL RUBIN, MD, FRCP(C)
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Cor-
nell Medical College; Director, Neuromuscu-
lar Service, New York Presbyterian Hospital-
Cornell Medical Center
Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities;
Inherited Muscular Disorders; Spinal Cord
Disorders
xxix
ATENODORO R. RUIZ, JR., MD
Associate Physician, Department of Medi-
cine, The Permanente Medical Group, Inc.,
Santa Clara
Malabsorption Syndromes
PAUL S. RUSSELL, MD
John Homans Distinguished Professor of Sur-
gery, Harvard Medical School and Massachu-
setts General Hospital
Transplantation
CHARLES SABATINO, JD
Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University
Law Center; Director, Commission on Law
and Aging, American Bar Association
Medicolegal Issues
DAVID B. SACHAR, MD, FACP, MACG
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine; Director (Emeritus),
Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount
Sinai Hospital
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
SEYED-ALI SADJADI, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda
University School of Medicine
Renal Replacement Therapy; Renovascular
Disorders
CHRISTOPHER SANFORD, MD, MPH,
DTM&H
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of
Family Medicine, University of Washington;
Co-Director, Travel Clinic, Hall Health Cen-
ter, University of Washington
Medical Aspects of Travel
RAVINDRA SARODE, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology and Direc-
tor, Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation
Laboratory, The University of Texas South-
western Medical Center at Dallas
Transfusion Medicine
CLARENCE T. SASAKI, MD
The Charles W. Oshe Professor, Yale School
of Medicine; Chief, Section of Otolaryngol-
ogy, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Laryngeal Disorders
H. RALPH SCHUMACHER, JR., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Chief of Rheumatology,
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxx Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxx CONTRIBUTORS
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Philadelphia
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease;
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders; Vasculitis;
Infections of Joints and Bones
MARVIN I. SCHWARZ, MD
The James C. Campbell Professor of Pulmo-
nary Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sci-
ences and Critical Care Medicine, University
of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Diffuser Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-
Renal Syndromes
KATHY SCHWARZENBERGER, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine (Dermatol-
ogy), Dartmouth Medical School
Reactions to Sunlight; Approach to the Derma-
tologic Patient
ELDON A. SHAFFER, MD, FRCP(C),
FACP, FACG, DIPABIM
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Calgary
Vascular Disorders; Fibrosis and Cirrhosis;
Testing for Hepatic and Biliary Disorders;
Alcoholic Liver Disease; Gallbladder and
Bile Duct Disorders
WILLIAM R. SHAPIRO, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology, University
of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson;
Chief, Neuro-oncology, Division of Neurology,
Barrow Neurological Institute
Intracranial and Spinal Tumors
MICHAEL J. SHEA, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of
Michigan
Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
DAVID D. SHERRY, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Penn-
sylvania; Director, Pediatric Rheumatology,
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Rheumatic Fever; Bone and Connective Tissue
Disorders in Children
DAPHNE SIMEON, MD
Associate Professor, Mount Sinai School of
Medicine
Dissociative Disorders
JEROME B. SIMON, MD, FRCP(C), FACP
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Division of
Gastroenterology, Queen’s University, Kingston,
Ontario
Liver Masses and Granulomas; Drugs and
the Liver; Hepatitis; Approach to the Patient
with Liver Disease
ROBERT SIMON, MD
Professor and Executive FAAEM Chairman,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Cook
County Hospital, Rush Medical College,
Rush University Medical Center
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
TAMMY L. HARRIS SIMS, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Center for
Tobacco Research and Intervention; Univer-
sity of Wisconsin Medical School
Smoking Cessation
CARL V. SMITH, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Obstet-
rics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska
College of Medicine
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor and
Delivery
NORMAN SOHN, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, New
York University School of Medicine
Anorectal Disorders
DAVID E. SOPER, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Univer-
sity of South Carolina
Vaginitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
STEVEN SPENCER, MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Department
of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Cancers of the Skin
SCOTT M. STEIDL, MD
Associate Professor and Director of Vitreoret-
inal Services, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Retinal Disorders
DAVID R. STEINBERG, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Ortho-
paedic Surgery and Director, Hand & Upper
Extremity Fellowship, University of Pennsyl-
vania
Hand Disorders
KINGMAN P. STROHL, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Center
for Sleep Disorders Research, Case Western
Reserve University
Sleep Apnea
ALBERT STUNKARD, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Penn-
sylvania
Eating Disorders
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxxi Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
CONTRIBUTORS
STEPHEN BRIAN SULKES, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Strong Center for
Developmental Disabilities, Golisano Chil-
dren’s Hospital at Strong, University of Roch-
ester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Learning and Developmental Disorders
GEETA K. SWAMY, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Maternal-
Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prena-
tal Care
DAVID A. SWANSON, MD
N.G. and Helen Hawkins Distinguished Pro-
fessor for Cancer Research; Department of
Urology, The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center
Genitourinary Cancer
PAUL H. TANSER, MD, FRCP(C), FRCP
(GLASGOW)
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster
University; Medical Head of Cardiology,
Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
Valvular Disorders; Approach to the Cardiac
Patient
SYED H. TARIQ, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of
Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University
School of Medicine
Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes
JOAN B. TARLOFF, PhD
Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sci-
ences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia,
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
Drug Toxicity
MARY TERRITO, MD
Professor of Medicine, Director of Hemato-
poietic Stem Cell Transplantation, University
of California, Los Angeles
Neutropenia and Lymphocytopenia
WENDY THEOBALD, PhD
Assistant Researcher, Center for Tobacco Re-
search and Intervention, University of Wis-
consin
Smoking Cessation
DAVID R. THOMAS, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics,
Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center
Nutritional Support
xxxi
ELIZABETH CHABNER THOMPSON,
MD, MPH
21st Century Oncology, Yonkers, NY
Principles of Cancer Therapy
STIG THUNELL, MD, PhD
Professor, Karolinska Institute; Senior Con-
sultant, Porphyria Center Sweden, Karolinska
University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm
Porphyrias
SHELLY D. TIMMONS, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor and Chief of Neurotrauma
Division, University of Tennessee College of
Medicine; Private Practice, Semmes-Murphey
Neurological & Spine Institute
Traumatic Brain Injury
RONALD GARY TOMPKINS, MD, ScD
John F. Burke Professor of Surgery, Harvard
Medical School, Visiting Surgeon, Massachu-
setts General Hospital
Diverticular Disease; Acute Abdomen and Sur-
gical Gastroenterology; GI Bleeding
COURTNEY M. TOWNSEND, JR., MD
Professor and John Woods Harris Distin-
guished Chairman, Department of Surgery,
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Carcinoid Tumors
ANNE S. TSAO, MD
Assistant Professor, The University of Texas
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
DEBARA L. TUCCI, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Otolaryngol-
ogy-Head and Neck Surgery, Duke University
Medical Center
Approach to the Patient With Ear Problems
ALLAN R. TUNKEL, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Senior Associate
Dean for Academic Campuses, Drexel Uni-
versity College of Medicine
Biology of Infectious Disease
RONALD B. TURNER, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Virginia
School of Medicine
Respiratory Viruses
PAUL J. VANKEVICH, DMD
Assistant Professor of Oral Diagnosis and
Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of
Dental Medicine
Tumors of the Head and Neck
3779_MM18_FM.fm Page xxxii Tuesday, November 8, 2005 3:15 PM
xxxii CONTRIBUTORS
EVA M. VIVIAN, PharmD
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice,
Western University of Health Sciences, Col-
lege of Pharmacy, Pomona
Pharmacokinetics
VICTOR G. VOGEL, MD, MHS
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
Director, Breast Cancer Prevention Program,
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute/
Magee-Womens Hospital
Breast Disorders
AARON D. WALFISH, MD
Division of Digestive Diseases, Department
of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center,
Manhattan Campus of Albert Einstein Col-
lege of Medicine
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
JAMES WAYNE WARNICA, MD, FRCP(C)
Professor of Medicine, University of Calgary;
Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Foot-
hills Medical Center
Coronary Artery Disease
YASMINE WASFI, MD
Instructor, Department of Medicine, Parker B.
Francis Fellow, National Jewish Medical and
Research Center; Instructor, Division of Pul-
monary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine,
University of Colorado at Denver Health Sci-
ences Center
Sarcoidosis
MAX HARRY WEIL, MD, PhD
Distinguished University Professor and Presi-
dent of the Institute of Critical Care Medi-
cine, Rancho Mirage and Palm Springs
Sepsis and Septic Shock; Respiratory and Car-
diac Arrest; Shock and Fluid Resuscitation
GEOFFREY A. WEINBERG, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Den-
tistry; Director, Pediatric HIV Program, Gol-
isano Children’s Hospital at Strong
Infections in Infants and Children
HOWARD D. WEISS, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Johns
Hopkins-Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
Headache
JOHN B. WEST, MD, PhD, DSc
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Uni-
versity of California, San Diego
Altitude Sickness
JACK WILBERGER, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neu-
rosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pitts-
burgh; Vice Dean, Drexel University College
of Medicine
Spinal Trauma
MARGARET-MARY G. WILSON, MD
Associate Professor of Internal and Geriatric
Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sci-
ences Center
Nutrition: General Considerations; Syndromes
of Uncertain Origin
ROBERT A. WISE, MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
GARY WITTERT, MBBCh, MD, FRCP
Associate Professor and Head, Department
of Medicine, University of Adelaide; Senior
Consultant Endocrinologist, Royal Adelaide
Hospital
Obesity and The Metabolic Syndrome
EIJI YANAGISAWA, MD
Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale
University School of Medicine
External Ear Disorders; Facial Trauma
THOMAS MICHAEL ZIZIC, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine; Co-
Director, Chesapeake Medical Research
Avascular Necrosis
DOROTHEA ZUCKER-FRANKLIN, MD
Professor of Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine
Eosinophilic Disorders