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Subject: C12 – Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region Quarter: 1 Week: 1
Competency / Code: The learner identifies various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various regions ( CAR11/12IAC-0a-1)

PARTS OF THE CONTENT / OFFLINE ONLINE

MODULE TOPIC
# ACTIVITY / * ASSESSMENT # ACTIVITY / * ASSESSMENT
(using Google Classroom or Schoology etc.)
Introduction
# PICTURE ANALYSIS # PICTURE ANALYSIS
Activity 1

The teacher will call a student to answer the guide questions:

Guide questions:
1. What message do you think the photo 1. What message do you think the photo wanted to share about arts?
wanted to share about arts?
2. What conclusions can you draw about arts?
2. What conclusions can you draw about arts?
Motivation
#VIDEO ANALYSIS #VIDEO ANALYSIS
Activity 2 Story
Ask the students of their insights about the video to Ask the students of their insights about the video to be shown by the
be shown by the teacher. teacher.

El Gamma's Touching Tribute To Mother El Gamma's Touching Tribute To Mother Nature _ Asia’s Got Talent
Nature _ Asia’s Got Talent Grand Final 1 Grand Final 1

Note: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ReuOnKSi0s

Students can ask a copy of the video to be Process Questions:

copied on a flash drive or students can watch
the video on their own on YouTube. 1. If you are one of the presenters/dancers/choreographers, what do
you think is your group’s presentation?
Process Questions: 2. What generalizations can you make about the overall presentation
and the motive of the person behind it?
1. If you are one of the
presenters/dancers/choreographers, what
do you think is your group’s presentation?
2. What generalizations can you make about
the overall presentation and the motive of
the person behind it?

Instruction
Students will be provided PowerPoint Presentation # Video of the teacher teaching the content:
with the narration and explanation of the teacher. link:
Students will also be provided Word document of * Teacher Led Assessment (video conference)
the PowerPoint, if available. Formative questions:
What is the role of internet in upgrading the present art?
What is the significant change in art made by the internet?
What is the significant change in art made by the society (experiences)?
Practice
“Poetry: A reflection of society” “Poetry: A reflection of society”

Students will be grouped into five (5), allow Students will be grouped into five (5), allow students to brainstorm on the
students to brainstorm on the social issue that social issue that bothers them and what will be the theme of their poem.
bothers them and what will be the theme of their
 poem. The number of the stanzas must be equal to the number of the group
members or more. And TITLE must be provided.
The number of the stanzas must be equal to the
number of the group members or more. And TITLE The work of the group must be posted on Facebook.
must be provided.
The post should have a short description of what the poem is.
Rate the group’s poem with this rubric.
And lastly, add a message of how important arts to the world is.
To be submitted through Facebook Messenger or
through an online platform such as Schoology, Rate the group’s poem with this rubric.
Quipper, Google Classroom, and the like .

Enrichment
“Poetry in Voice” “Poetry in Voice”

With the poem the group has created. The has to With the poem the group has created. The group has to either incorporate
either incorporate music to it or deliver it as it is. music to it or deliver it as it is. The group has to record it in a video
The group has to record it in a video presentation. presentation.

The presentation will be rated according to this The video should be taken or shot inside each members’ house.
rubric.
The video will be posted to any social media such as Facebook, YouTube,
Schoology, Quipper, and the like.

The presentation will be rated according to this rubric.

Evaluation
The students will answer the quiz on the The students will take a short quiz posted by the teacher in the
Workbook/Module. virtual classroom.

Prepared by:
Teacher
MODULE for C12 - CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION

The subject covers various contemporary arts practices of the region where the school is located. It aims to provide students with an appreciation of a broad range of
styles in the various disciplines with consideration on their elements and principles, and engage them to an integrative approach in studying arts. Through this subject, students
will broaden and acquire the necessary creative tools that open opportunities in pursuing their individual career goals and aspirations.

Activity 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Guide questions:
1. What message do you think the photo wanted to share about arts?
2. What conclusions can you draw about arts?

With the space provided below, answer the guide question in your own words. Work will be rated with this rubric.
Activity 2: VIDEO ANALYSIS
If you are done watching the video, answer the following questions:

1. If you are one of the presenters/dancers/choreographers, what do you think is your group’s presentation?
2. What generalizations can you make about the overall presentation and the motive of the person behind it?

Note:
Students will watch the video given by the teacher or the student will access the video on YouTube:
El Gamma's Touching Tribute To Mother Nature _ Asia’s Got Talent Grand Final 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ReuOnKSi0s

If students are done watching the video, they have to answer the following process questions;

1. If you are one of the presenters/dancers/choreographers, what do you think is your group’s presentation?

2. What generalizations can you make about the overall presentation and the motive of the person behind it?
INSTRUCTION

Different Art forms in the Regions: Choreography/Dances, Musical Instruments, Literary and Music Composition, Visual
Design, and Theatrical Performance.
Contemporary Art
 Art produced at the present period in time.

 Contemporary art includes, and develops from, postmodern art, which is itself a successor to Modern art.

 In vernacular English, “modern” and “contemporary” are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the terms “modern art” and “contemporary art” by
non-specialists.

Contemporary art forms are the following:

1. Choreography

2. Musical instrument

3. Literary and music composition

4. Visual design

5. Theatrical performance

CHOREOGRAPHY/DANCES

 The sequence of steps and movements in dance or figure skating, especially in a ballet or other staged dance.

 the art of creating and arranging dances. The word derives from the Greek for “dance” and for “write.” In the 17th and 18th centuries, it did indeed
mean the written record of dances. In the 19th and 20th centuries, however, the meaning shifted, inaccurately but universally, while the written record
came to be known as dance notation.
 Choreography evolved no less rapidly. Methods of composition vary radically—some choreographers using their dancers’ improvisations
as raw material, others devising every movement prior to rehearsal.
There are 2 types of choreography: improvisation and planned choreography. Improvisation is where dancers get a general guideline but can then interpret some of
the movements themselves however planned choreography is dictated to dancers in specific detail.

Luzon

 The Banga or pot dance is a contemporary performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province in the Philippines. This dance illustrates the                 languid grace of a
tribe otherwise known as fierce warriors.
 Maglalatik was originally performed in Biñan, Laguna as a mock-war dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians         over the prized latik or
coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance is also shown to pay tribute to the town’s patron saint, San Isidro            Labrado.
 Pandanggo sa Ilaw - the word pandanggo comes from the Spanish dance “fandango”characterized with lively steps and clapping while                following a varying ¾
beat. Pandanggo requires excellent balancing skill to maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on                head and at the back of each hand. This
famous dance of grace and balance originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro.
 Jotabal - it is derived from the words Jota and valse. Jota is a popular dance introduced in the Philippines by the Spaniards. Valse means waltz, a step         or a dance
in 3/4 time. This lively festival dance originated in Camohaguin, Gumaca, Quezon (formerly Tayabas).
 Makonggo is a comic dance from Santa Maria, Bulacan. Makonggo is derived from the Tagalog word chonggo or unggo which means monkey. In this         dance, the
dancer imitates a monkey - its characteristic movements, gestures, grimaces, etc. when it is in a happy, playful or angry mood,            while it is playing, eating, or resting.
Only one man performs this dance. Most of his movements are his own improvisations.

 Subli - the term “subli” is from two tagalog words “subsub” meaning falling on head and “bali”, which means broken. Hence, the dancers appear to be lame and crooked
throughout the dance. This version is originally a ritual dance of the natives of Bauan, Batangas, which is shown during fiestas as a ceremonial worship dance to the
town’s icon, the holy cross

 Sayaw Sa Banko -this dance is native to the barrio of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan, and demands skill from its performers who must dance on top of a bench
roughly six inches wide.

Visayas
  Tinikling means "bamboo dance" in English. The dance imitates the movement of the tikling birds as they walk between grass stems, run                 over tree branches,
or dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers. Dancers imitate the tikling bird's legendary grace and speed by skillfully                maneuvering between large bamboo poles.
 The Kuratsa is highly favored by the Waray people of the Eastern Visayan region in the Philippines. Strictly speaking, The Kuratsa must be             done the amenudo;
that is, only one couple dances it at a time. the Kuratsa is however, very different in the manner of execution to the                Mexican counterpart.

 Mazurka Boholana is a Spanish-inspired ballroom dance from the Bohol province of the Philippines. Although the mazurka is the Polish       national dance, it was wildly
popular throughout Europe in the 19th century and even in colonized lands overseas. 

 Escotis is popularly known in Capiz and is performed in any social gathering of the people inhabiting the mountains of Capiz in the barrios of Tinpas and Panitan and
also in the town of Panay.

    
Mindanao

 Singkil dance takes its name from the bells worn on the ankles of the Muslim princess. Perhaps one of the oldest of truly Filipino dances, the Singkil recounts the epic
legend of the "Darangan" of the Maranao people of Mindanao. This epic, written sometime in the 14th century, tells the fateful story of Princess Gandingan, who was
caught in the middle of a forest during an earthquake caused by the diwatas, or fairies or nymph of the forest.
 A pangalay native to the Badjao, sometimes known as the "Sea Gypsies." Pangalay is a dance that emphasizes the agility of the upper body. The rhythmic bounce of the
shoulder with simultaneous alternating waving of arms are the basic movement of this dance. The pangalay is commonly performed at weddings and other social
gatherings. You will also see some parts of the Sinkgil in this dance also. Another part of this dance is also called the Muslium four Bamboos.
 The Itik-Itik is a dance from Surigao del Norte, in which the movements of a duck are imitated. An itik is a species of duck.
 Kini Kini - kini means the Royal Walk. Maranao women performed this dance with scarves. The beauty of the scarve and the talent and grace in which it is displayed.
Shows their elite social upbringing.
 Performed at Tausog weddings in Jolo, the Kandingan consists of figures and steps based on classical and traditional Indian dance forms.            Dancers perform with
slightly bent knees turned outward, fingers held stiffly together with the thumb outward and apart. 

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Idiophones – these are instruments that produce sound from the substance of the instrument itself (wood or metal) are classified as idiophones. They are further subdivided
into those that are struck, scraped, plucked, shaken, or rubbed. In the Philippines there are metal and wooden (principally bamboo) idiophones.

 Metal idiophones are of two categories: flat gongs and bossed gongs. Flat gongs made of bronze, brass, or iron, are found principally in the north among the Isneg,
Tingguian, Kalinga, Bontok, Ibaloi, Kankanai, Gaddang, Ifugao, and Ilonggot. They are most commonly referred to as gangsa. The gongs vary in sized, the average are
struck with wooden sticks, padded wooden sticks, or slapped with the palm of the hand. Gong playing among the Cordillera highlanders is an integral part of peace pact
gatherings, marriages, prestige ceremonies, feasts, or rituals.
 In southern Philippines, gongs have a central profusion or knot, hence the term bossed gongs. They are three of types: (1) sets of graduated gongs laid in a row called
the kulintang; (2) larger, deep-rimmed gongs with sides that are turned in called agung, and (3) gongs with narrower rims and less prominent bosses called gandingan.
These gongs may be played alone but are often combined with other instruments to form various types of ensembles.

 Kulintang is nother well-known Filipino instrument, the natives of Meranao, Tausug, and Maguindanao take a lot of pride and joy with these. The Kulintang is a set of 5
to 9 pieces of gongs that vary in size and sound. They’re aligned horizontally next to each other, usually on a rack, and are arranged in order of their pitch.

 Bamboo idiophones abound in the Philippines-xylophones, drums, quill-shaped tubes, stamping tubes, scrapers, buzzers, and clappers.

 The bamboo xylophone, gabbang, is found in southern Philippines among the Yakan, Sama, Tausug, and Palawan. It consists of bamboo keys of graduated lengths
mounted on a trapezoidal box. The number of keys varies among the different ethnic groups, ranging from 3 to 22. In northern Luzon, among the Kalinga, individual
xylophone-like blades called patatag are struck with bamboo sticks.

 The bamboo slit drum, such as the Bukidnon bantula is fashioned out of a bamboo tube closed at both ends with anode with a slit cut out of the tube. Found among
different groups of people, its main use is to announce important events.

 The struck quill-shaped bamboo tubes with notches etched on the tube, are found only in southern Philippines such as the Maranao tagutok and the
Maguindanao kagul. The player scrapes the notches with a bamboo stick.
  Among the Cordillera highlanders, bamboo buzzers are widespread. They are made from a length of bamboo closed with a node at the bottom, with its top half shaped
so that two tongues face each other. The top half is struck against the palm of the hand. They are known by different names such as  balingbing, pew-
pew, pakkung, bilbil,bungkaka by the various groups.

 Suspended logs are widespread in southern Philippines where they are known by different ethnic names. The Maguindanao  luntang consists of several logs of varying
lengths hung in order from longest to shortest. The pointed playing ends of each log is struck by one performer creating a melody against which another performer beats
drone rhythm on one of the logs.

 The Tagakaolo edel is a sounding board with resonator played during wedding celebrations together with a drum or gong to accompany dancers. The Bagobo and
Bilaan have similar drums.

Aerophones – it includes various types of flutes, pan-pipes, and reed pipes. The most widespread and numerous are the flutes which are mostly end-blown with the air stream
directed into the open end of the tube.

 The lip valley notch flute, so called because of its mouthpiece which is obliquely cut and curved at a slant to follow the contour of the player’s lips, is found in northern
and southern Philippines. They are known by different names among the different linguistic groups, such as the paldong in the south and the palendag in the north.
They are instruments of leisure, used for serenading, courting, or merely to pass the time away.
 The nose flute, another type of end-blown flute, is found mostly in northern Philippines where the Kalinga call ittongali, the Bontok kaleleng, and the Ifugao ungiung. It
is found sporadically in some areas of the south among the Hanunuo (lantuy), the Batak (lantoy), and the Bukidnon (bulaktob). The Cuyunin of Palawan have gigantic
nose flutes with tubes much larger in diameter than those found in Luzon.

  Less common flutes are the ring type called suling in southern Philippines; the whistle type called thumping (Subanun); and the reed called saunay (Tausug).

 Stopped pipes found in northern Philippines are the saggeypo (Kalinga) and the sagay-op (Bontok). The bamboo pipe is closed on one end by a node with the open
end held against the lower lip of the player as he blows directly across the top. The pipe can be played individually by one person or in ensembles of three or more.

 Rarely used today is the bamboo panpipes called diwas, diwdiwas, or dew-dew. These consist of a number of bamboo pipes (5-8) strung together.
  Most Philippine transverse flutes are adaptations or imitation of European versions evident in the borrowed names such as  flauta (Ilonggo, Sebuano,
Bicol); plawta (Manobo) and palawta (Hanunuo, Waray). The Cuyunin use a transverse flute called tipanu which is also found among the Batak of Palawan.

 Other blown instruments are those made from shell or carabao horn. These are used for calling people or sending messages over wide distances. Shell trumpets
include the budyong,lungga, taburi. Carabao horns are thetambuli (Tagalog) and kogao (Ifugao).

Chordophones - these are bamboo or wood stringed instruments that may be struck, plucked, or bowed. They included zithers, lutes, and bowed strings.

 Philippine zithers have resonating bodies that are made from bamboo tubes or half tubes with strings that run parallel to the length of the tube. Tube zithers are found
in northern Luzon, Mindanao, and Palawan. They are of two types: polychordal zithers with several strings that run around the tube, and parallel stringed zithers
which have two strings on one side of the tube.
 Polychordal tube zithers found in the Cordilleras, Mindanao and Palawan have strings that are etched out of the bamboo body, remaining attached at both ends. Small
wooden frets are inserted beneath the string near the ends. The number of strings varies from 5 to 8 or 9 and occasionally even 11. Some names by which this zither is
called are: kolitong, kollessing, kulibet, saluray, sigitan, takul, tangke, togo, and pagang.

 In the parallel stringed tube zithers, two bamboo strands, about 5 cm. apart, are etched out to the tube to serve as strings. At mid-point of the tube, below the strings, a
small sound hole is bored and covered by a small bamboo plate clipped to the strings. When played, the strings are struck by a bamboo stick or plucked. The instrument,
with slight variations, is found in northern Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, and Palawan where they are known by such names
as tambi,bamban,tabengbeng, kudling, tabobo, thambabok, takumbo, and patigunggung.

 Lutes are found only in the south, in Mindanao and Palawan. They are of the long neck variety, with two stings that run from the neck to the base of the resonating
chamber. One sting plays a drone, the other a melody. Though all the lutes are fretted, the location and number of frets vary between groups. The frets of the Maranao
and Maguindanao kudyapi are glued to the body of the resonating chamber, while the frets of the Bilaan fuglung, the Mansaka and Mandaya kudlong and the
Palawan kudyapi are located on the neck of the instrument.

 One stringed bowed lutes (fiddles) of the long neck variety are found in Mindanao. They have a sounding box made from a coconut half shell covered with a leaf, or a
piece of bark or animal skin. The string is make of abaca fibers, horse hair, and more recently, wire. In is called duwagey by the Manobo and Bilaan.
  In the later period of the Spanish regime, a favorite string ensemble called cumparsa emerged. It was an adaptation of similar instrumental groups in Mexico
(murza or murga) and Spain (estudiantina). During the early years of the American regime, the cumparsa was superseded by the rondalla.

 The rondalla ensemble consists of plucked string instruments: the bandurria, the laud, the

octavina, the six stringed gitara and the bajo de unas or bass guitar.

 The bandurria is pear shaped, with a rounded back, a round sound hole and a fretted neck. It serves as the melody instrument of the ensemble. The
octavina and bandurria are tuned an octave below the laud. They furnish the inner harmonies and contrapuntal elaboration to the melody. The  gitara’s main function is
to supply the arpeggiated or chordal underpinnings of the ensemble. The bajo de unas is tuned like the contra-bass.

Membranophones - single and double headed drums are found throughout the Philippines. They are variously shaped–conical, cylindrical, goblet shaped, barrel shaped.
Animal skins (snake, deer, or goat) is used as head/heads of the drum. They may be beaten with sticks or by the palm portion of bare hands. Drums are seldom used alone
except to announce tidings over long distances. Usually they are played with other instruments, particularly gongs, to form different kinds of ensembles.

 The sulibao and kimbal of the Bontok and Ibaloi are longitudinal slightly barrel shaped hollowed out logs with deer skin heads on one end. The taller drum (ca. 80 cm) is
called the kimbal; the shorter (ca. 75 cm) is called thesulibaw. The drum dead is small measuring about 6 cm. in diameter. They are played with palms of two hands. The
drums are combined with gongs and other instruments to form different types of ensembles.The Ifugao  libbit, ludag is a conical drum with   a deer or goat skin head. It is
played with a gong during harvest time under the rice granary.
 The dabakan is a large goblet shaped drum used by the Maranao and Maguindanao in their kulintang ensembles.

LITERARY AND MUSIC COMPOSITION

Literary works from different regions

 Biag ni Lam-ang - is an epic poem of the Ilocano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. ... It is also noted for being a folk epic from a "Christianized" lowland
people group (the Ilocano people), with Roman Catholic elements incorporated into the storytelling.
  The Maragtas is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro titled (in English translation) History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants from
which are descended to the arrival of the Spaniards.  The work is in mixed Hiligaynon and Kinaray-languages in Iloilo in 1907. It is an original work based on written and
oral sources available to the author.

 The Wedding Dance By: Amador Daguio Plot: The story started with a married couple, Awiyao and Lumnay, who were separating for the reason that they could not have
a baby even if they have been married for so long. Awiyao, the husband, has to marry another woman despite the fact that he is still in love with his wife, Lumnay. It is
because of their tribe’s tradition that if a couple could not bear a child together, they need to separate in order for the man to find a woman who could bear him a son that
could continue his lineage in his tribe for a child is considered as a sign of manhood in their tribe.

 Tuwaang is the hero of several epics or songs of the Bagobo, indigenous group of southern Mindanao, which has several sub- groups. Anthropologist E. Arsenio Manuel
was able to acquire and publish two songs in the late 1950s to 1970s, The Maiden of the Buhong Sky, A Complete Song from the Manuvu Bagobo Folk Epic
Tuwaang and Tuwaang Attends a Wedding, with key informant Saddani Pagayaw, who learned the epics from the bard Inuk.

 The Darangan tells of the sentimental and romantic adventures of noble warriors, one of them, is about a warrior-prince called Bantugan.. Prince Bantugan was the
brother of the chieftain of a village called Bumbaran. Bantugan owned a magic shield, was protected by divine spirits called "Tonongs" and was capable of rising from the
dead. Once his enemies attacked Bembaran, thinking he was dead. In the nick of time, Bantugan’s soul was recovered and he saved the village.

 From the Bicol province comes the Ibalon. The Ibalon relates the mystical origins of the first man and the first woman of Aslon and Ibalon, which are current provinces of
Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, Catanduanes and Masbate. Hiandong, one of the heroes of Ibalon (The others are Baltog and Bantong) was a great leader of warriors. He
fought against a giant Cyclops for ten months, defeated the winged Tiburon and the fierce Sarimao and won over the seductive serpent Oriol before starting a village.

Forms of Music

 Ethnic - percussions are mainly used, sometimes gongs are also used, Pentatonic Scale - five-note scale, not commonly used, Diatonic Scale - seven-note scale, much
preferred over pentatonic Percussion – striking of a musical instrument to produce tones
 Banda - form that kept Spanish characteristics, much like the Spanish and Mexican-style bands, used as a competitive “tool” between different municipals
  Rondalla - ensemble of plectrum instruments, uses overtures and arias from operas compatible with the Philippine Music, shifts betweem major and minor chords,
recreation or courtship usage Plectrum – used for plucking of strings Overture – used as an introduction to an opera Opera – dramatic composition accompanied by
music Aria – a melody sung with accompaniment Accompaniment – part of a composition that serves as a “background”
 Sarswela - Filipino version of the Spanish Zarzuela, used as theatre music or entertainment, A form of operetta Operetta.
 Kundiman - “should-it-not-be”, delivered with romantic lyrics and mellow melodies, considered as one of the most romantic Filipino love songs, accompanied usually by a
guitar or violin, used for serenading Mellow – soft and rich in sound
 Awit and Corrido - similar to ancient epic tale telling an array of songs and dances performed by local talents, translated and spread to different regions of the
Philippines
 Original Philippine Music (OPM) - songs created in the Philippines or created by Filipinos or those with Filipino origin, mostly comprised of Tagalog, English or Taglish
ballads, songs of other languages also exist and are comsidered as OPM because of the composer/creator
 Pinoy Rock (Filipino Rock Music) - usually in Taglish which catches the attention of most listeners due to the use of the language for casual conversations in the
Philippines, a genre similar to that of rock in the USA, though of Filipino origin
 Choral Music - performance of a group through choral singing, made famous by the world-renown Philippine Madrigal Singers (Madz), the Philippines is one of the most
prestigious multi-awarded country in Asia in terms of choral singing Madrigal - usually of four to six voices singing without accompaniment
 Neo-Traditional - modern Filipino music fused with ethnic music, examples are music from Joey Ayala and Pinikpikan

THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE

Many say that theater is the ultimate art since it is a collaborative art form that combines that various disciplines of art such as literature, visual arts, music, and dance.
This art form has been part of our culture even before the pre-colonial times, as seen in the various ethnic rituals in the country that has still survived up to this day.

Contemporary theater in the Philippines like many of the previous art forms discussed have influences from the pre-colonial, Spanish colonial period, and other Western
Influences. These influences have been adapted and to suit and reflect the current state of the Filipino psyche resulting to a theater that can call our own.

PHILIPPINE DRAMA and THEATER

 Pre-colonial performance
 - Before the official coinage of the term ‘Philippine Theater’, performance was already central to the community.
 Theater in the Spanish Colonial Period
- Performed on traditional-inspired raised platform with wooden or bamboo flooring, with a rear wall that conceals inactive performers
- Native in form but feudal and colonial in values communicated
 Theater in American Colonial Period
- Morphed into a theater of protest by subverting the Sarswela;
- Caused Americans to issue Sedition Act No.292 which made the advocacy of Philippine Independence a crime; many playwrights were charged and imprisoned
 Victims of Sedition Act No. 292
- Aurelio Tolentino was charged and imprisoned in 1903, for his play ‘Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas’
- The same year, Juan Matapang Cruz was imprisoned for 2 years and fined $2,000 for his plays ‘Hindi Aco Patay’
 Philippine Theater Today
- Active mostly in schools and universities, usually stages Philippine Dramatic Literature
 The first National Theater Festival (NTF) in 1992 was off to a fiery start—literally. The abundant fireworks meant to dramatize the festival swished through the air, burst
into flames, went ballistic à la Miriam Santiago, and then landed on the roof of the Cultural Center of the Philippines, damaging some portions.
 The fourth NTF—billed as “Ika-Apat na Tagpo, ang Bagong Yugto: The New Act”—will take place at the CCP Nov. 8-18. The event is organized by the CCP and the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). This was announced at a recent press conference at the CCP’s Silangan Hall. In his welcome remarks, festival
director Nanding Josef noted that, before, directors and actors of plays in Filipino and English hardly spoke to one another, in fact, couldn’t stand each other (“dating nag-
aaway-away” as Audie Gemora once put it).

Examples of Theatrical performances:

 Children’s theater - may refer to play with children as actors: or plays performed by adults for children. This type of theater is intended to educate, inspire, and encourage creativity and value
formation.
 Dramatic Monologue- a kind of modern play which features one actor speaking and acting out his or her innermost thoughts and emotions as the main character of the play. This one-person
performance is often used for the audience to better understand a main character.
 Tula – Dula literally means “Play-poem”. It was developed by the University of the Philippines in the 1970’s. It is a minimalist in attack wherein a poem is dramatized by a
narrator who recites the piece and two or three actors providing the movement and the sound effects.
  Political Theater – a form of theater whose intention is to transform or make better the current system of government. Some political dramas are direct to the point while
others use symbolisms and allegory to air their political science.
 Melodramas – are non-musical plays whose intention was to illicit tears and emotional attachment to the characters. The main characters of these melodramas are often
victims of tragedies and suffer cruelty from the people around them, but in the end will rise triumphant.
 Musical Theater- - refer to plays which music is an integral part. This includes traditional Filipino theater such as the sarswela and ritualistic dramas. With the love of Filipinos to music, it is not
surprising that it is one of the most popular forms of theater.
 Salubong- dramatizes the meeting of the grieving Mary and Christ.
 Sinakulo- dramatizes the history of Salvation.
 Realism – is a type of drama that provides an accurate depiction of real life situations. This achieved through well developed and authentic portrayal of characters as well
as realistic plot, dialogue, and staging.

VISUAL DESIGN

Visual art can be defined as a form of art that uses any medium to represent the artist's idea, emotion and imagination. Visual art like paintings, sculptures and architecture
have evolved with time and different periods saw the emergence of different art movements. The most famous art movements and styles are Impressionism, cubism, surrealism,
expressionism, favism, art noveu, realism and relativism.

The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to create a work of art.
The elements of design can be thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all paintings will contain most of if not all, the seven
elements of design.
The Principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the elements of design. How we apply the Principles of design determines how successful we are in creating
a work of art.

Six integral components in the creation of a design

• Line, Color, Form/Shape, Space, Texture , Value

LINE can be considered in two ways. The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge created when two shapes meet.
 SHAPE  is a self-contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in a painting automatically creates a negative shape.
TEXTURE  is the surface quality of a shape - rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc. Texture can be physical (tactile) or visual.
COLOR is also called Hue. It has an immediate and profound effect on a design.
VALUE is the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is also called Tone
see notes on tonal contrast
SPACE - by incorporating the use of space in your design, you can enlarge or reduce the visual space. 

THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

 

BALANCE - Balance in design is similar to balance in physics. Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of stability. There can be physical as well as
visual balance.

GRADATION - Gradation of size and direction produce linear perspective. Gradation of of color from warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce aerial perspective.
Gradation can add interest and movement to a shape. A gradation from dark to light will cause the eye to move along a shape.

REPETITION - Repetition with variation is interesting, without variation repetition can become monotonous. 

CONTRAST - Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements eg. Opposite colors on the color wheel - red / green, blue / orange etc. Contrast in tone or value - light /
dark. Contrast in direction - horizontal / vertical. The major contrast in a painting should be located at the center of interest. Too much contrast scattered throughout a
painting can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at. Unless a feeling of chaos and confusion are what you are seeking, it is a good idea to carefully consider
where to place your areas of maximum contrast.

HARMONY - Harmony in painting is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar, related elements. eg. Adjacent colors on the color wheel, similar shapes etc.

DOMINANCE - Dominance gives a painting interest, counteracting confusion and monotony. Dominance can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis

EVALUATION
Test I. Modified True or False

1. Idiophone is a classification of instrument that produces sound with the air stream directed into the open end of the tube. FALSE - AEROPHONE
2. Dabakan is a large goblet-shaped drum classified as idiophone. FALSE - MEMBRANOPHONE
3. Bandurria is a type of ensemble consist of plucked instruments. FALSE - RONDALLA
4. Lip Valley Notch Flute is called as paldong in the northern part of the Philippines. FALSE - PALENDAG
5. Tagakaolo edel, bamboo slit drum, kulintang, and bamboo buzzers are example of membranophones. FALSE - IDIOPHONES
6. Chordophones are instruments that uses animal skin as head/heads of the drums as a source of sound when beaten. FALSE MEMBRANOPHONES
7. The kulintang is a set of 5-9 pieces of gongs that are alike in size and sound. FALSE – VARY, DIFFERENT
8. The gitara’s main function is to supply the arpeggiated or chordal underpinnings of the ensemble. TRUE
9. Carabao horn is an example of aerophone. True
10. The Mindanao luntang is consist of several logs of varying lengths hung in order form longest to shortest. FALSE – MAGUINDANAO
Test II. Identification

1. The dance which shows that the dancer imitates the movements, gestures, and grimaces of monkey originated where exactly in the Philippines?
2. Kuratsa, Tinikling, and Escotis is an example of what Art Form?
3. What does the Banga or Pot Dance tries to show?
4. Where does Sayaw sa Bangko originated?
5. What dance is performed during Tausug wedding in Jolo?
Test III. Analogy

6. Makonggo: Monkey; Tinikling: __________

7. Pot Dance: Bangga; _______: benches
8. Itik-Itik: Surigao del Norte; Escotis:_______
9. Kuratsa: Waray; __________: Badjao
10. Subli: Luzon; Sayaw sa Bangko: _______