ELECTRICITY

• 1 HP (motor) = 0.746 KW (operating energy) 

• 5 HP x 0.746 KW/HP x 3413 BTUH/KW = 12,700 BTUH = 1 Ton of Cooling 

• Watts = Volts x Amps 

• Efficiency = 746 x Output Horsepower (HP) / Input Watts 

• KW (1 Phase) = Volts x Amps x Power Factor / 1000 

• KW (3 Phase) = Volts x Amps x 1.732 x Power Factor / 1000 

• KVA (3 Phase) = 1.732 x Volts x Amps /1000

• BHP (3 Phase) = 1.732 x Volts x Amps x Power Factor x Device Efficiency / 746

• Motor HP = BHP / Motor Efficiency

Motor Drive Formulas 

DFP x RPMFP = DMP x RPMMP 

BL = [(DFP + DMP) x 1.5708] + (2 x L)

Where

• DFP = Fan Pulley Diameter

• DMP = Motor Pulley Diameter

• RPMFP = Fan Pulley RPM 

• RPMMP = Motor Pulley RPM

• BL = Belt Length

• L = Center-to-Center Distance of Fan and Motor Pulleys

Need to Find: Formula
Horsepower DC (Volts x Amps x Efficiency)/746
Horsepower AC (Volts x Amps x 1.732 x Eff x PF)/746
Watts DC Volts x Amps
Watts AC Volts x Amps x PF x 1.732
Kilowatts (Volts x Amps x PF x 1.732)/1000
Amperes DC Watts / Volts
Amperes AC (746 x Horsepower)/(Volts x eff x PF x 1.732)
KVA (Volts x Amps x 1.732)/1000
Fan Motor HP (CFM x Pressure (lbs/sq ft))/(33000 x eff)
Pump Motor HP (GPM x Head (ft) x Specific Gravity)/(3960 x eff of pump)

What is difference between line to line

voltage and line to neutral voltage?
A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people
are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances
are plugged in to. For larger amounts of power, three phase systems are used.
Electricity is generated by a coil of wire moving through a magnetic field. The
illustration shows three such coils in an electrical generator , spaced evenly apart.
Each coil is called a phase and as there are three coils, this is called a three phase
system.

From a such a system, power can be supplied as single phase (load connected
between a line and neutral) or three phase (load connected between all three
lines).   In the illustration, the motor is connected as a three phase load and the
socket outlets and lamp as single phase loads. 

The three winding end connected together at the centre are is called the neutral
(denoted as 'N'). The other ends are called the line end (denoted as 'L1', 'L2' and
'L3').
The voltage between two lines (for example 'L1' and 'L2') is called the line to line
(or phase to phase) voltage. The voltage across each winding (for example
between 'L1' and 'N' is called the line to neutral (or phase voltage).
The line to line voltage is the vector sum of the phase to phase voltage across each
winding. This is not the same as the arithmetic sum and is given by the following
equation:

Manoj Babu S, Dealing with electronics since before the age of Android and
Answered Apr 22, 2015
The electricity that is generated is usually in a 3 phase manner.
Industries tend to use the entire 3 phase supply, while in domestic cases a single
phase is drawn from the 3 phase supply and delivered to a house.

In a 3 phase supply, there exists 3 lines and a common neutral line. Refer the
image below:
Each "line" provides 120V with respect to the "neutral", i.e if you took an AC
voltmeter and connected the red end to a "line" and the black end to "neutral", it
would read 120V. This is the line-to-neutral voltage.
If you were to take the same voltmeter and connect both the red and black ends to
a "line", the voltage it shows would be 240V. This is what is the line-to-line
voltage. 

This system is called 3 phase because the lines have the same voltage values but
just differ in their phases.

Loring Chien, electrical engineer for 40 years, Sr. Member IEEE

Answered Jul 30, 2016
In the american system the line to line voltage is going to be 240 VAC, the line to
Neutral, 120 VAC. In the American system the final line transformer has a 240
VAC output with a center tap. The center tap is ulitmately connected to Neutral
and so you will see from either line to neutral, half the 240V or 120V.

In any outlet on the wall, there will only be one line and Neutral so you can only
measure L-N.

To measure line to line,

 you have to open the breaker box where both lines are distributed to
the various outlets
 You have to be lucky and find two outlets on different legs and
measure the line-to-line between them
 Measure a 240V outlet behind the clothes dryer or elsewhere.

Gaurish Gokhale, B. E. Electrical Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute Of

Engineering Education And Research, Nashik (2017)
Answered Jun 24
A line to line voltage is the voltage measured between two line conductors.
Assume you have a multimeter which can measure infinite voltages, so for
measuring the line to line voltage, you will have to connect one probe to one line
and the other probe to another line. It gives a relative voltage between the lines.

A line to neutral voltage is the voltage measured between line conductor and a
neutral(any point of zero potential) and it gives the exact voltage of the line!
For a three phase system, the line to line voltage is 1.732(√3) times the line to
neutral voltage.

Ganesh Subramaniam, studied at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Answered Jun 27, 2015
Single Phase power refers to a two wire (AC) power circuit. Typically there is a
LINE or power wire and one NEUTRAL wire. In our country, 230V is the
standard single phase voltage with one 230V line and one neutral wire. Energy
flows through the line into the load and returns through the neutral wire.

Three Phase power refers to four wire AC power circuits. There are three lines  - 
Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C -  120° out of phase with one another and one
neutral wire. (the three liness carrying AC voltages that are offset in time by one-
third of the period) This arrangement provides three 230V AC  single phase lines
and one 440V AC three phase power circuit. 230V AC power flows between any
one of the lines through the load and the neutral wire. 440V AC power flows
between the three power wires and the neutral. 

One LINE to NEUTRAL in either of the above configurations will provide 230V
single phase AC whereas LINE TO LINE can be connected only in the 3-phase
arrangement and that will provide 440 3-phase AC.

Biswanath Basak
Answered Jun 27, 2015
For a single phase supply, there is 1 LINE and 1 NEUTRAL wire and the potential
difference is 230V.
In a 3-phase supply, there are 3 LINE wires(current carrying) which are at 120°
out of phase with each other and one single NEUTRAL wire. So if you measure
the potential difference between a LINE wire and a NEUTRAL (consuming
single phase) wire you will get 230V whereas between a LINE and
another LINE(consuming triple phase) wire the potential difference
is 400V.  (All these values are for electric power supply in India)
The relationship goes like this: 
VLL=3√×VLNVLL=3×VLN
Share

Prachal Jadeja, M.E. Electrical Engineering, Marwadi Engineering College (2016)

Answered Oct 7, 2015
line to line voltage is the voltage between two current carrying conductors of two
phases where as the line to neutral is the voltage between voltage in conductor
and neutral . Go through this link for more details.

Mark Beier, 4th Year Apprentice Electrician (2010-present)

Answered Jun 24
Depends on where in the world you are and what that particular system is
running. In north america, the Edison 3 wire system has two lines and a neutral.
Line to line is 240V and line to neutral is 120V. 3 phase systems in North America
are usually 347/600 Line-Neutral/Line-Line.
Share

Muralidhar Rao, former Senior QC & TS Inspector (Air India) at Ex Indian Air
Force
Answered Jun 28, 2015
Line to Line voltage is the phase voltage multiplied by root 3 times that is
1.732.Example --if single phase voltage is 230 v,then between line to line is 230 X
1.732 = 398.36 v(usually rounded off to 400).
Line to Neutral is (phase to neutral) phase voltage divied by root 3 times.Example
--  398.36 divided by 1.732  = 230 v

Kashish Bhasin, worked at Globallogic

Answered Aug 30, 2015
See, normally in the lanes,  we see the poles carrying 200-250 V voltage, that is
called the Household distribution system.
There, we have four cables, three of them a bit heavy and the fourth one a bit
thin. 
The Three heavy cables carry the Three phases of the Voltage (as it is a 3- phase
Supply System) while the Neutral carries no current.

Line to Line : when the taps are made between any two of the Heavy cables

Line to Neutral : when the taps are made between Neutral and any one of the
heavy cables

Normally, the taps from the Poles are made Line to Neutral to run normal
appliances like, Iron, Television, Computer etc.
In order to run an Air Conditioner or bigger appliances we need Line to Line
Voltage