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This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of Introduction
information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to The Region Sur has an importance of first order in the context
correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any
position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at of the economics and the national politics. From the fiftys the
SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of
Petroleum Engineers. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper
states of Tabasco, North of Chiapas and Veracruz began to
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• Their geographic location that connects them with large
Summary three ports (Dos Bocas, Pajaritos and Salina Cruz).
Among the main objectives of Pemex Exploracion and
• The great industrial development achieved in the other
Produccion Region Sur is found the analysis of the operation,
subsidiaries of Pemex (Pemex Refinacion, Pemex Gas y
the optimizacion and the modernization of the systems of
Petroquimica Basica and Pemex Petroquimica).
produccion, transportation and distribution of hydrocarbons, in
• The quality of the hydrocarbons, what permits to improve
order to provide better security conditions, efficiency and
the crude mixtures for exportation as well as for the
opportunity, without forgetting the proteccion to the
processing at domestic level.
environment and the society.
In general terms the Region Sur is characterized by generating
For the foregoing, it results from great importance to count on
20 percent of national produccion of oil, 46 percent of the
a methodology for planning the behavior and development of
produccion of the gas, and 16.6 percent of gas liquids.
the infrastructure of produccion and transportation to face
current and future needs, bearing in mind the operational
requirements and quality that demand best engineering
Currently the produccion of gas in the region is of 2 190
practices.
mmpcd in average. Of this volume 86 percent originates of the
Mesozoic and 14 percent of the Tertiary. Concerning to gas
The utilization of Process and Transport Simulators to analyze
liquids the produccion is of 14 725 bpd of which 96 percent
the facilities in the current operation conditions, and to predict
corresponds to the mesozoico and 4 percent to the Tertiary.
their behavior under different stages is a valuable tool that
applied combined with the best practices of engineering
The gas and condensate produced have as final destination the
allows to predict, with meaningful time savings, the necessary
processing gas centers of Cactus, Nuevo Pemex, Cd. Pemex
modifications to be adjusted to the new operative philosophy,
and La Venta. It is convenient to indicate that the Region Sur
without putting on risk the facilities.
receives part from the gas from the Marine Region by Atasta
for its processing in Cd. Pemex, Cactus and Nuevo Pemex.
As added value, the results obtained from the application of
this methodology also contributes to the construction of a data
In general terms the gas and the condensate that are
base, of the facilities of produccion as well of transportation,
transported in the Region Sur are sour and saturated with
of great usefulness for activities related to the maintenance
water, what implies a greater duct and equipment deterioration
programs.
due to corrosion. On the other hand, part of the infrastructure
could be in the limit of its operative life, therefore to prevent
The results of modeling are completed with an economical
any further risk is necessary the substitution of some
analysis in order to find the best alternative to solve a
components.
particular situation. The obtained information is documented
2 M. CASTILLO, M. MURILLO, C. CABRALES SPE 59029
consideration has been corroborated comparing the obtained • Fluid Flow.- There are several field studies that
results from the modeling against information of field in those recommend velocities to design pipelines. In most of the
points where water could be measured in liquid form. cases this recommendations seek to avoid, through the
control of the velocity, erosion, stratificaction of water or
Required Information and Design Criteria solids, and undesirable flow patherns
The simulators are capable of modeling production and .
gathering systems, including within these parallel pipelines or However, in our case, in the one which the systems are
"Loops". existing; that they began their operation in different
conditions from the current; and that in the future is
These simulators report composition of phases, pressure drop, possible that they have to comply with different operation
liquid formation or "Hold Up", flow patterns , transportation conditions, these recommendations have been considered
velocity, and thermophysical properties of the fluids involved as a reference, and the projects accomplished in the
in the design of the equipment. Region Sur have developed their own criteria.
To get this data the following informacion is fed: As a reference we could mention for gas 20-60 FPS and for
liquids 4-10 FPS.
• Composition.- Such as we mention before, for high
molecular weight streams this is obtained from data • Flow Patterns.- As a rule it is considered to avoid
treatment from the - PVT Analisis - to obtain the undesirable flow patterns such as "Slug" and "Plug".
concentration of identificable components asi well as However you dont’n have to forget that in the case of the
pseudocomponents. In the case of the gas streams, light transportation of the associated gas the phenomena of
molecular weight, chromatographic analysis is used "retrograde condensation" which leads to multifhase flow,
directly. the alternative to control the volume transported to avoid
these patterns could be identified in the field by the
• Pressure, Temperature and Flow.- This information is fluctuacion of the operation conditions in the delivery
obtained from operating logs. In those cases when is points at the end of pipe.
intended to operate at different conditions of the current,
is agreed with the operator the range in which these • Validation of the Model.- Once it is fed all the
variables can be modified so that, during the stage of information to the model, a series of runs in the computer
modelacion of stages, are analyzed only those feasible are performed which main objective is to reproduce, as
cases to be carried in practice. close as possible, from the operation conditions of the
system in the origin, the conditions in the extreme of the
• Calculation Methods.- The experience obtained duct.
throughout several years devoted to the modelation of These final conditions commonly are: volumes of liquid
production facilities has carried us to use, for the and gas, pressure and temperature, volumes of liquids
calculation of gas-liquid equilibria, thermophisical displaced by pigs, etc.
properties,Peng Robinson, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Lee-
Kessler, Grayson Streed. In regard to the viscosity, it has • Operational Philosophy and Production Forecasts.-
been proven that the utilization of experimental Such as we mention before, in order to establish if a
viscosities for heavy fractions is highly advisable. system has the necessary operative flexibility, it is
important to count on with the production forecasts.
In what concerns to the multiphase transport, horizontal or
vertical , it has been used Taitel-Dukler-Barnea, Beggs and This document contains the yearly produccion of
Brill, Dukler-Edton-Flanigan. hydrocarbons during a period of at least 15 years, and
upon using it we will be able to know to identify bottle
• Process Equipment and Right of Way.-In this case it is necks in the system and then to find out the operative or
provided the informacion related to the size of the constructive alternatives to avoid them.
equipment, the internal diameter, length and topographic
profile of the pipeline.
Modeling of Gas Gathering System “Catedral-
• On the other hand, taking into account the characteristics Muspac-Chiapas-Giraldas-Cactus”.
of the right of way, our experience recommends to use
overall heat transfer coefficients “U” of 1.20 and 0.66 Catedral-Muspac.Chiapas-Giraldas-Cactus System is a high
BTU HR FT² ºF/FT for gas and liquid transportation pressure pipeline network which gathers associated gas
respectively. obtained in four production units. The total amount of gas is
4 M. CASTILLO, M. MURILLO, C. CABRALES SPE 59029
delivered at high pressure to be processed in a Gas Processing alternatives to handle hydrocarbons within the gathering
Plant located in Cactus. network.
This figure presents a comparison between operating MMSCPD=Million standard cubic feet per day.
conditions and those values obtained by simulation. As we can BPD= Barrels per day
see deviation in the majority of cases remains in aceptable FPS=Feet per second
level, therefore the model is validated. P=Pressure, kg/cm²
T=Temperature, ºC
Figure 6 shows the proposed infraestructure required to CPG= Gas Processing Plant
operate the same system but at lower pressure including some
other separation units. References.
COMPONENT MOL %
N2 1.151
CO2 2.528
H2S 4.656
C1 73.683
C2 10.276
C3 4.375
IC4 0.696
NC4 1.343
IC5 0.421
NC5 0.431
C6+ 0.441
PRESSURE 85 KG/CM2
TEMPERATURE 50 °C
PROCESS TRANSPORT
HYSYS PIPEPHASE
PRO II PIPESIM-NET
ASPEN PLUS PIPEFLOW
SIMPROC LINEAS II
INPUT OUTPUT
SEN
36" x 56.5 KM PROVISIONAL LUNA
DOS BOCAS BAT. COMPRESORAS
CUNDUACAN
KM
.4
16" x 5.97 KM KM
KM
x9
24" x 0.5 KM
"
x 92
20
x 92
24" x 5.97 KM
36"
PIJIJE
L-2
L-3
KM AREA DE
9
BELLOTA "x TRAMPAS
36
36 OXIACAQUE
24" x 7.1 KM
"x
65
.7
KM
CARDENAS
C.P.G. CD. PEMEX
NORTE SAMARIA-II
16" x 21 KM
OPERA EN P.I.
REQUERIMIENTO EN A.P. 24" x 79 KM
KM
KM
KM. 77
.7 ER
4.7
36" x 9 KM
14 CH
36" x 70 KM
AREA
x1
" x CAT
"
U
24" x 9.8 KM
6
36" x 10.5 KM NUEVO
3 G-
36
SL
36" x 10.5 KM PEMEX
16" x 14.4 KM
24" x
11 K
M
OPERA EN P.I. PAREDON 24" x 30" x 2.8 KM
10 K T.R.D.
REQUERIMIENTO EN A.P. M
KM 36" x
21 K AREA 24" x 4.7 KM
C.P.G.
16 M
6 "x NORESTE NUEVO PEMEX
12" x 6.46 KM 3 16" x 13 KM C.P.G.
TECOMINOACAN CACTUS
12" x 8.5 KM
M CACTUS-IV
M. CASTILLO, M. MURILLO, C. CABRALES
24"Ø x 34 KM 30" x 8 KM
24"Ø x 13 KM
36" x 7 KM
30"
x 37
KM
24" x 15.7 KM KM
34
KM "x
x 9 .9 36
24"
15.7 KM
36" x AGAVE
KM CHIAPAS SITIO GRANDE
x 9 .9
36"
MUSPAC GIRALDAS
16" x 10 KM
12
"Ø
x6
KM
16 SUNUAPA
"Ø EXISTING PIPELINES
x6
KM PIPELINES IN CONSTRUCCION
CATEDRAL PIPELINES IN PLANNING
BELLOTA
8" X
7.1 K
M
KM
KM
9 1.5
91.5
CARDENAS
X
NORTE
16"
16" X
SAMARIA-II
KM
4.9
X
8"
6"X4.4 KM
OPERATION OUTSIDE
KM. 77
24"X79KM
8"
SAMARIA-III C.P.G.
X
KM
KM
28
8" x .7 CD. PEMEX
14
KM
15 K X
M
8"
24" X 10
SLUG-CATCHER 36" X 10.5 KM
8"
PAREDON X 20 12" 16" X 10.5 KM AREA
.9 24" X 70 KM
KM NUEVO
KM AREA 6" X 2 KM PEMEX
14 8"
X X 21 6" X 2 KM
O KM NORESTE BAT.
8"
C.P.G. CACTUS I
CACTUS
TECOMINOACAN JUJO
8" X 1 KM
8" X 6.5 KM
C.P.G.
COMP. NVO. PEMEX
CABEZAL CACTUS I
JUSPI
AREA
CACTUS IV
8" X 7 KM
M
11 K
8" X OPERATION OUTSIDE
(1) CACTUS II
KM
.8 6" X 4.8 KM
32
X KM
8"
1.8 ENTRONQUE
"X2
10
4" X 15 KM
M
8"
GIRALDAS IT
X3
8"X8 K
0K
WO M
RK
8" PIP S A S
X1 EL A
INE N O
0K IL
M
AGAVE
SUNUAPA
SITIO GRANDE
8" X 15 KM
EXISTING PIPE LINE
PIPELINES IN CONSTRUCCION
PIPELINES IN PLANNING
CHIAPAS
START
OPERATING
CONDITIONS
CHECK PROPERTIES
AGAINST EXISTING DATA ON
FIELD
MODELING OF
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
NO
RESULTS MATCH EXISTING MAKE ADJUSTENTS
INFORMATION IN THE FIELD ? IN COMPOSITION.
(MOL %, GOR, ETC)
YES
COMPOSITION OK FOR
FUTURE SIMULATIONS
END
M M
CATEDRAL MUSPAC N
C
. 24"ø X Km
13 C.P.G. CACTUS
SLUG -
M
JUSPI
CHIAPAS
"A" SECTION "B" SECTION "C" SECTION "D" SECTION
15.7 X 36"ø
13 X 3 6 Km
"ø
36"ø X 21 Km
C.P.G. CACTUS
M M
13 X N
C
. C.P.G. CACTUS
CATEDRAL MUSPAC 24"ø
SLUG - CATCHER
M
JUSPI
CHIAPAS
N
C
.
16"ø X 10 Km
EXISTING PIPELINE
SUNUAPA
PROPOSED PIPELINE