SPE/IADC

SPE/iADC 16101

Prediction of Average Cutting Size While Drilling Shales

by A. Hayatdavoudi, N.C. Durugbor, A. Ghalambor, and C. Okoye, U. of Southwestern Louisiana
SPE Members

*II!N $9s7; SPEIIAOC $*7 Du[lql titer-

This pQm was ~ lot gres=xgtum al Ihe *W7 SPEllMC Ordhg Cedamna Imld m New OrWims. IA. March lE-18. 19s7

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by the SOCKSY C4
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SPE.IISoslcer S.aIrnmwmPllpwSprn9M9d ●l SPEMoc *W ErasAw13tOPIX$ICSWIBYE$nonal@mmnoasoflmtAocmdsPE Pet.
m~m~mmtmwtoan~rmd~meim~wa Inusttawnanu vncsbex lh0cbW8ctsh0 vlOcenumoms IXUWac.
k~l d wtwe mid by whom me pacer 15 P?asenmd Wnto MarwN, FE. P O Sox~.
PUWICWWIS Richardmm.
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?mBssSPEOAL
.—

brovaeatm of cutter efficiency have been

TbeeeeeamW u drilling pemerad is that obtati minly by ~iricel ~. Cbea@e io bit
ebele Aeker ~ ● pr~ eolide control tool should tooth 9iae, ehepe ad specing, arul tooth &letioo
reject the ehele cuttioge at firet pesao In our have deo ha ●tidiat to give cleen bottm+ole
effort to contributeto thedeeigo of e m shaker petteme. Studiee 1,2,3 have elweye been nde wetly
●yeta, a beeic erld fwdnentel need - recognized 00 the cut t ioge traneportet ion f- the botta 0?
with regard to t& ngoitude of pater oeded to the hole to the Wrfece.
Eenereta a given or everege ●iea of ehele cuttiog.
The logic ~ that the power ~ ●t the rock Dapite tbaee ~, ~ativaly little
fete, dxcluding the effect of hydrationel cod is knqm tit tk relat iooehip betweea pomr end
in-situ ●tmeeee , could be correlated with the shale drilid cuttinf ●iee in drilliou fim ehalee. III
cutting (chip) average she ee hec brsm done in rotery drilling, krmtledge of drilled cutting *
-inution thmriee. My beef permount ~rteoce. Since tln drilled
cuttinge -t be lifted f- tk bottm of the bole
Following this logic, two detailed eeto of where they em generated to the●rfeee ia order to
field teets, one in Nigerie end one in Lafayette ●void mgriodiag or redri 11 iog, - to elimimete
Perish, L.ouisieoe, were enelyced for tw different poeeible pipe sticking, the pre-lmruledge of the
hole ●ixee. The results showed a good correlation drill rd cutting ●iee generated beswth the bit might
betwsa power ioput-output ead average cuttiog ●iee eerve ee * eolutim. The lmaledge ef drilled
for both 8 1/2 end 6 5/8 iocb drill bits. cutting ●ize not only eddraaaaa the above probl-
but aleo could give e better idea of * to deeign
~1~ the MXI progrm }n order to ●intiiae drilliog coat
while ●t tb eme tim atbemiog tbe penetration
Notary dril liog is ioharent ly eo ioeff icieot mte through batter raovel of eoli& by ● -
eeeoe of produciog rock bmekege. Loee of -r or germmt ion of Aele ahekem.
eoergy in trmimieeion fra the ●erfece to * 4
Ulttiag ncbmiee ~ be large, thm MDiting the Ik Wectivea of tbv v -r am to iweetigete
Motett of ~ful -r evei lable ●t the rock-bit end genemta 9 .*le 1 iner. r-idiauhip between
interface for rock breekege. Iodeed, field tbe bit w ioput mt tbo ock-bit interfece eod
peraomel, through areful deervatiao, elxf tk average ●iee of .> *:lled Cuttiogs mreted
Meeamkm through nthticel Dodeling eod beoeetb the bit *ile &illiog ebek eod to ebm
v~tatim agree that for eecb eat of ioput that ● drill bit cen tii@Y be cooeiderwt ee s
mcknicel pfmer them te minti bydreulic griodiog mill in standerd ~inutioo cimite.
bo~r that ie required ?0 ~ and rnve
tb “?sit~” .
Referenme and illustrations at end of paper
AM
 PREDICTIONOF AVERAGECW.7~ SI z E ~ES mwl~ 16101_
To WhieVO thSSO ObjOCtj” M, txo O&. Gf a=+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
drilling data Wd drilled c .tios -1= -~
collected trem two differaot fields, Tbaea were:
where: dll ia inf init4aeiml awrgy Ohen@, C. e
e) for the 8 1/2” hole, the date uera coil-ted Coeataet, du, inf40iteinl ●iee cheega. x,
frm Ni*eria. origioel c&ject size nod B, a cmtaot.

b) #or tbe 6 5/8” hole, the data ware collected Brief ly, the theory ●tatee that, tba zmorgy
in Ecett, Leuioiaaa. required totiehl~iet.he sieoof*n
mijmt is prOpOrt ionel to the ●iae - -1
Data recorded include: peoatret im rate, -ight inversely prcportiooal to the object size raiaed to
rnpeuarm. .
co bit, rotary speed, - xaigbt, pmp flat rate,
eod bit paremtera ware uzed in the caputetioa of
bit paier, In l@37, Rittioger” pcatulated the aoergy
required for ●izerodwticexeuld be prepertieoel to
The collected drilled Cuttieg mlea mm
the ozm aurfoce area created duriog tba ●iea
Sqlcd fr= the floxlioe end sieve sized. Tba
radwtiee. la tba ●iw &ieo of perticlaa of
-lativo Xaiat porcaot rotaioed (~k.) =
size Xi to puticla of awtlmr S1 lar aiaa X2, hie
plotted agaioat their rzspactiva aeah mica
ralatiea becaza tbe iotegreticat of aquatim (I)j
(DiCrCOO). Diffareot ~ era gaaamtedtorOeGb
Ood -igeiog tlu! Velw of 2 to tk Oxponeot m,
of the drilld Cuttiog aloe. The everage drilled
cutting size will be detemined ●t xbra ttm fifty
percentliuo intercepts the wrve.
p=-~~a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(2)
A new bit power ioput aodal will be -loped
1
xhicA iworperatee both the bit B sciumicel petmr md
the bit puiar $aa te jet @pact force. 3Ma=awn bit Br = 1[+--+- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...(3)
x input Mdel will % ● fum2tion of Xoigbtco”
thebit, rotary speed, vertical ~t of the
xhara Rr ia aoergy ioput par unit vol~ * X9
velocity of the tooth fnlliiu cc the rock, the force
dw to torque ioput, tlm bit jet input force, the a coeataot.
jet velocity, nod the bit radiua. A @mar output
aodal Uaa davelepod that - a fuwtiee of work done ID l-, KiCkc PrOpCWd thO thOOry tbt
to brook the rock grniaa, the tbarnl ~iee aquivaleot ~t of aoorgy alumld result in
force of the rock, the crmo-f 1- velocity, the equivahet ~tricel chaogea in ths ●izee of tlm
distance f ra the ceoter of the bit to the center of piacea of a rntarial. Ttn Kick’s ccnoapt my be
jet -t, end the average drilled cutting sixe. mrpreewd 02 follow:

UOiog the aeergy LM1OOWcoecapt, the bit input

power at rock+it interface is equated to the bit ~a=-~+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
output power. The study will uze regrewion aoelyais *
to detemiee the mlatioeahip between the bit input
Pcwer end the overage drilled cutting ●ize for the ~=clo(xi/xa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...(5)
txe COO* xbile drilling ahelaa.

Regreseioo analyeis will 01s0 be ueed to

In 1S2, Mod’ propcaad 00 anorgy-eize
radwt ioo relat iooehip ~re batwaee tlume of
develop ralatiowhipe batxeeo average drilled
Eittiager’e ezut Sick’e aquat+m. lbe fundmmtal
cutting size and work par uoit vol-, bit -r
●tat~t of 6ead’a tawk iodax equetieo *a derived
ieputper uoit velme, aod bit pomr output per unit
fra aqwtion (1) by mnaideriog tln oxpmont n to
Volm.
have ● value aqml to the aritlmatic avarage of 1
(Kick-e -1) abd 2 (Xtttt~’s *1)1 that i*
~ICAL BEV3~
1.6. TbW:

740 ●earch for ● cceaietent tbory to explain

the IV lstimahip botxeee 2oerw Ioput-Eize redwtiee
&f2= -~$mdn . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...(6)
hoe ~letad ever tba yeara ia ●ining ad
i
mioaral prccoeaing ioduatrioa. Mat of thsonistiag
ralatiooahipa botuaee eeargy d ●iZO ~im sta
frfm eiogle, eble, apirical prep+eaitieea.. %=4*-*I . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...(7)
~icnlly, m propeaitieo w be atatad an
foil-:
4
SPE/IADC 16101 A. HAYA !VOUO1 3.
—.—
rigure. ilhutreteu tbel Dodelo. 10 hte paper,
Teele*a iodioeted thatthe
specific energy i- tevereely prnportiuml to
In his 2oer&Siee reductim relatioeahip, fmgmnt ●iee of tbe reck md tbet tbv ●inimm value
Cberlees expreamd the eewgy ioput m: of the ●pacific _gy cee be tekee ac 9 ~tal
rock property.

E = T*-T&’- = AN{’*) . ...(8)

2ebias9, fra hia field data ehamd that the
& B i< ~ ieput, A, a, C, n, cmmtmta specific anrgy of die rock, & drilled by ●

end s, siseMo@lue in (m). Siseaoduhm of ee rotary drill, cm be &temieed fra:

M*1Y of particlee refere to ● siee ●uch that
•-ifi~
~ly
weight fractiee
will be emller
Of * wit
thas this sise.
k in w =v’!’ilRPw
““”””*”””””””’” ““”””(g)

?iAure (2) h * log-lq plot of the *t dame ~ ie •~ific uusqjy, W, wei#bt on bit
eeergy egeioet the ●iae aoduliu in eccordeece with (N8), N, RfW, d, bit ditier (=), PR, ~tretica
eqwtioe (8) for glw, both for hi~ velocity rate Whr).
~ aad 1* velocity ~. lin •trat~ 1*
reeulti~ III Fi@re (2) are -t should be expected Iieeeercbere ●t the Bureau of Mime, U.:l. A.,
M tlm amrgy-aiee reduction ralatieeebip = gives detemined the 8pacific _giee of ● leiw mmber
by equation (8), - thio w be cewi&red ee of rock typee ee:
widence tkt ~ the validity of this
relatiomhip. It m ●lee eean, a expected, that sEv=m#&#@2m . . . . . . . ..(lo)
the vehm of the eniit n are diff~t for
diffemet ●iee reduction coditiem. Tor high
velocity *t, n M a vela of 2.28, while for where Tr ia 0.7 eod it ia traefer ratio
1* Velocity @act n ie 2.07. h, for - ~ betnaae ~tratlefermd toreckmd energy
oomt of 4act energy, larger particle ●ieee are evail*le.
produced for 10U velocity -t thee for high
velocity ~. In bott m, particle ●iae
Warren’. ie hin paper, exp=ed the energy
~-wtmi~.
~ired to * the Vol- of reck drilled in a
of tiDeee:
unit iOclxmant
Itmtleyio, in hi. Laboratory DrilliX
per?o~ Study, calculated bit rotary -r uaiog
*r=$d%,It.......................(ll)
the rotary SW aed the torque reactien meaeured
betueee tbecmea eodthereck. lle ●boued thetedded
bit weight ceuew drilling rate end bit rotary power where Be is ●pecific eaergy, d, bit dimoter
to increeee at en increaaiog rate end that added cod R, penetration rate.
rotary speed caueee dri 11 ins rate ad bit rotary
power to imrme at a decreeing rote. Thus, figure The total ~rk done by the bit in the m mit
a) iodicet- that the drilling rate ia net in 911 time interval can be given by:
caeee, direct lY proport ionel to the bit rotary
-r. .NR+211m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(12)
%

In his Laboratory Study of rock breakage by where Wt is total work, W, force applied to the
rotaty drillieg, 2onertoni* showed that the sioe bit, N, rotary speed, M, torqw, cod R, penetmtien
aodulue for concrete decmeeea M the drill ios rate.
energy iecreeeee. A leg-log plot of drilling energy
ageioet oize mdulue yielded a straight line with ❑ Figure (5) ●- Nerren’a work for evaluating
value equal to 2.42 ee .bouo in figure (4). the ceeeteots in tb force balance torqM *1 for
two differeat bit sieee.
~—MLAlE2 ~
It h baee ooted that not all eoergy applied
The 1 itereture
hM eeverel references that to a bit ia effective in drillieg. The ~t of
diecuee the~~bys roller ceee bitin enerymeedtoc
mehaftnedveh=e ofrockte
~illiu ~sarls,ia. - W* relate the
●troegly related to tIn ●iee of chipe generetedas.
mchaaicd work done by tbe bit to the VW
~ emrgy ia dieeipatad into ttn mbrokee rock
rammed to cnmh a gtvee vohme of rock. The
around the borehole while the rock streee ia being
epecitic ~ofaredie the mini-- anru
i~adftotantly tefem ohApe.B#sergYmbe
mrd te ~alamvel-ef reckend is
Oftba rod!. iwedtefurther recbmd=ipaieeamd s9eve tb
4
 4 PREDICTIONOF AVZRACECUTT SIZE WHILEtStILLINC WALES , SP?!/lADG 16101 . .“
t -oken rock fra under tbe bit. Soargy ia raqumad If eQargy baleece equatiea belde, tba m of
not 001 y to form and ~ve chips, but ,1S0 to fom ~inputcan baaquetadto tbaamofpmmreut.
a particular bole gaaatry~*. Tbua:

Ptit = Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(16)

soBe of the recant iavati*ton(t$~*91.oi”~
wboae werke aimed at predeteminieg average fragmnt
size, abaarved that it wee Obvious tbet the 9pncfic Ihepeuar(eut) iaafuoctieaofuerk dec* entIM
anar#y for reck braakiog varied convereeiy with rock gra’., Crea-f!ex valvcity, diatm
fra tbe
camtaref tbejat@9ect aratotha~efth
=-t to the f~t size. Paddock”, xbeaa work
bit, t-l empmaieo forceof tin reck,
xae beead en average specific energy veluaa,
cutting-aiee (diaetar),cutting-cdliaiooforce,
[ Ctmracteriot ic for ~1/ ~tered ●trat*,
Old Catttng~iva, temile, d & f~.
found that the beet fitting curve coo be
since tba Parer-outdoamlyof tbeeefact.opiaoet
approxia ed by tbe following equation:
xidl ~ted, ttnycoo be a part of ceeataotaA
eed B. TFnw:
= 1.7378 -1.-729
D(fr) . . . . . ..(13)
‘(SP)

Pmt =+?h$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(17)

‘m %p) is specific energy (U1/#) and

‘(fr)’ f~t ●ice (m).

Ubra v= ia clwa-flou velocity (ft/sin) , w,
uorkdooeontbarock~ to bradtln~ta
0BVBU3UIKNTOFA~~
miother boedamd aupadtbeperaa and briagtka
rxk f~tm to a cartaie●iee, X, diate8cafra
It bee bean eoted tbet penetration rate (R) ia
‘be cantorof tln jet ~ area to th anti of
a function of power input (Pin) to rock drilli<” cb bit (ft), Fh, ttil axpaeaieo force (lbf), d,
k et3daaeuch carlbe~m: cotti~ ●iaa (ft), t, unit t- (tin), A,B, pmer
Cooatmta .
R= F(Pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14)
Since power inputim equated to pmar output,
Parer input i. affected by a nmbar of factore it *lice tbet:
ac bit ueigbt, rotary epaad, bit torque, bit radiue,
bit jet -t force, jet velocity, etc. Pat = Pti = u4vn+Ft4R4r+Fj*vj . . . . ( 18)

Thue, the power i~ted to tbe rock during

drilling coo be ~irically axpresaad M:

Pin = (WOE)++ .(15)

. A~W+B~~ . . . . . . . . . ..(18)

where w3B i- weight oe bit, Vb, vertical

In order to siaplify the modal 04 sake it
c~-t of velocity of the tooth fel iing on the
saeily understood for appli-tioe purpaaa, aquatieo
rock, Ft, force due to torque input, N, rotery
( 18) CMI m be trenaf~ into tk fotm:
speed, r, bit rediua, Fj, jet i-t forcv, Vj, jet
velocity. Yi =A+BXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..!19)

7% inclueioe of the bit pcuer due to i.e.

hydraulic in the bit power input expraaeion (aq.
~= A+ B&& . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20)
15) at the bit-rock interface hoe bean neglected by
r prevtoua authera(so’a$’x). fttis part of bit ~
and the mcbaaicel bit poner all contribute to tbv A emple calculation of Ceafficiemto
A, B d
total bit pacer *vail~la at tim bit-iock interface coaff icieet of detamimtiee for e stqde, 1 ioaar
to break tbe rock UOiam - produceCMPO. Ylta aaial ia given in Appaedix A and derivetioe of
field experiaeca tbt in soft foraatiom tbe jot tbeenl axpaeeieo force for abale ie givee in
hydraulic of tbe bit in ~ imtwcaa daatroy the APPOUMXB.
rock before the actual tmtb-reck contact ●upporto
tbe inclueiee of this bit power due to hydraulic
in tk total parer ●vsiltilo to daatroy tba rockd
fom Ciapa. Theprimuye bjacti-ofthiaim=r -b

.—
—
 :>,

.-
PE/IADC16101 A. WMA !VOUDI 5
Q1OY 9 Siaplo, linear ragraeeino tackeiclue to -
datamiae tbe relat ieeebip betucm power end overate
~= -2.0676+ 0.~9/d . . . . . . ..(28)
drilled cuttiog ●iza. Cerralatiee ~tioee were
developed to ●but tbe ralatinnebip batueeo bit power
input, bit pwer output, work per wait vol-, power
h ~ ❑ 8.6732 - 623.8d . . . . . . . ..(28)
input par unit voltma, nod paer out~t par ueit
volm awl average drill cutting size for a 6 5/8”
aod 8 1/2” drill Mte in a firm ahele. tee Valum of if were .871, .667, aod .670,
reepact ively.
Table 1 ●itnw tbe wulte of regraeeiea
aealyaia for 8 1/2” bit. With the valuee of the T~la 4 ~ tlm raeulta of regraaaioa
coaf f iciants of regreeeieo, A aod B, tb fol lcxring aoalyaiafor tln6.626” bit for svara$e sble
@i- were davalepad: -tti~ aim veram b ~ mit VOIN* ~
input per unit volw OIXI~ output per unit
w= 1.07 $ 10’ + (7.49 * 107)d . . ..(21) volm. %0 follafiag corralatioae ware davalopd:

Pin = 77.1 + 2702d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..{22) lB&= 9.81 - lm.62d . . . . . . . . . ..(30)

POut = 1.2648 10* + (E. = * 10°)d. (23)

~= .M536+ .0012061/d . . . . . . . ..(31)
e
. TO avoid burdmiog tlm reader with ● meet dad
of - data, tala eed grePImo 00IY - of ~ ln #=7.202- 156.38d . . . . . . . ..(22)
figureeend ttilae era WeMnted in this paper.
2quatien (21) can predict averagedrilled =ttiw
avarega aiea, d, fora~= werkdeoaentha rock Tbe ~ vahee wre .966, .920, end .684,
respect
iwly.
#deauitb aaceff=euA era--+--* n!, Of
.604. Equation (22) eed (23) predict tk ale
Figuree 6aod7ti tbattb~avaraga ehala
cutting ●verage ●100 for ● givao parer input and cuttiog miae ~ - power o StPut per toiit ,
power output, reepact ively. Vohme incmaeae, for both 6.825” md 8.6” bits.
Theoe Meulte Coofim tlm work of previeue
Table 2 ●- ● ●imiler result for 6.625” bit.
With the valuae of tbe ceaffici=ta of regreaaiee, A inveetigatore(os’s$ ’).
end B, the follexiog corralatiena were developed:
In meiysing tbs # valuae for 8.5” and 6.625”
w = 2.43 * 10s + (2.74 * 10’)d . . ..(24) bits, one fiocb that, in geeere 1, the linear Nxkh
for amller size bits fit batter tbao larger bits.
= 17.7 +246.04d . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(25) tiis uy be attributed to tba nature of ~inution
pin
of rocke; that ia, tbe eml ler f ~ta -Ml ly
do not becow emllar. ibay reach ● ltiiting value.
Pout = 2.126 * 10” + (3.08 8 10*)d. (26) At the eme the tbe ~argar f~ta exhibit DOra
eon unifotm diatribut inn aod ~ -1 ler.
Kquation (24) coo predict the ●ver-e drilled Purthamora, all of tbeee cerralatieoe dapend 00
cutting si=e, d, for ● givam work done to break tba mleeeato ubereasdbcutbeyara obtained.
Wooetbeleaa, the traod of tbeee cnrrelat ioee should
reck graioe with a coafficiaot , If, of .964.
held true even tbeugh tba valuae of tb cnafficieotc
BquatieOe (26) aod (26) predict the ●bde rotting
my reapood to ~ling techniqwe. If a
size for a given pwar input aod poxer output,
,--- diatributiee fxnction ia required, ● normal
mepactivelyo Ihair valuae of If ware .973 eod .947, diatributien my ba me- arxl through history
reapactivel y. mtcbiogtha~me~ bacorrectedw
drtiliag takm ph.
Correlation of average drilled cuttiog sise for
8.5” bit vare~ work par unit VOIIDO, parer input It wee peaeible to predict average ehale
per unit vohme aod power output per unit volme in cuttieg ●iaa while drilling the 6.625” bole by
=Ie 3 gave the following ragraeeioe aquatioee: ragraoiE# a dtuneieeleea ~ vareue ●
dtnoeionlaae tam (Appendix A). Figure 8 aboue a
ln&. 1O.8-622.9IJ . . . . . . . . . . ..(27) plot of the Meultieg equation:

-—
—- —
—
 6 PUEDICTIOll
OF AVSRAGE CVPTISC ;1ZE WHILEDEIlJZt9G SSAMS SPB/IAIK16101
squetioe (23) predict. everege drilled cutting 1. lbepeu8r mdeleppmecb todet.emiw
size for kooun paw ioput, mrk &me to break the everege ebnle cuttieg ●ice AtriEg
rock, the croee-flou velocity eod tlvnml expwica drillieg ie ● better appnm&I thm
force. The coeff icieet of &teminetion am 95. ~, Bnod’* grindiag work * *1.
which can be ueed to judge hw well eqwtiea (93) 2. mopoomrmdel ~-\ elm iecluled
fits our deta. It WRO●1OO poeeible to predict the tbs bydreulic~t of tln total
everege ●bele cutting size for 8.6” hole by w OveilAle et tbe rook-bit
~iag ● dinneionleee pwer vereee a imterf- prevhlely oat ieclded by
dimneiooleee tam. Figure9 ekue this ad the prier illvat~.
reeultieg equation becone: 3. Tbework, peuertIvut,&Pewer output
~J ~ m pmetmtim mte
~.
4. TbeeveregeAxeefehdecuttinge
~ - tin work x tQit vole,
Zbe coefficient of deteminetioe, @, was .W7, d ~ outputpr imit Volme
which iodiceted that the Bodel eceoumted for 60.7 increaa.
Veriatioa in the data. 5. Si&e, lioeer,poweror eDerW mdde
E -pmdiut tb&Tmms9C=ttie8 Simte
Pigums 10 ad 11, for 8.5” bit, ehamd the aid in ehele elmker ~ige, eoli&
reeult* of regreeeioe eaelyeie for pmetretim rate C4mtrol equipmot d d dmige.
vereue -r inpet eod parer output, reepectivel y. 6. A8fermvwieoofdle
The follouiu were the Meultmt 04umt ioee: casmmal, drill bite foil= tin
●ialhtia M&b of Bllle e tn
lnR= -20.1 + .376 Pin . . . . . . . . . ..(35) ~im Cimuite.
7. Cerefd~lioa imtlnkey totbe
eocumcy of able cutting●ieepredicted
lnR= -3.31 + .00013P=t . . . . . . ..(36)
l== by blheawaodele ~iothie —
M.
They show ttmtee each typeof pmmr iocreeBee,
●O doee the penetretioe rote. Since penetmtioe i, ImmmlAnms
geined ee e reeult of rock bnwkege, it folloue that
M uork, pwer input or power output ●t the rock-bit ●,A ~i- or power coeeteats
interface iocreeea, it becaee eeey to ovemae the
streeeee end the ~reeoive streegth of the rock, b,B ~im or power coneteete
hence 00 in creeee in peoetretion rote. Figuree 12
end 13 aleo Sk n similar trend for the 6.62S” bit c A coeeteet
with the fol lowing equatiooe:
d Avereso drilled cutting size (ft) “
lnR =-5.%+ .362 Pin . . . . . . . . . ..(37)
a Infiniteeetml energy ~
luR =-2.60+ .000096Pmt . . . . . ..(36)
dx Infiniteeeinl sise change

T~lee 5 end 6 give the field dote on uhicb

D Eole diater (in); pater sem-t
bmsee teblee 7 nod 8 ore geumreted. The reeults slim
thet Sod’s model for predict ieg averege Ado
D(fr) F~t size (m)
cutting size cenoot be applied in &illiog the rock.
For both bit. the ecreen siee mdyeie ~ that
R Power cometeDt; energy input per mit
the nverege ●hele cutting size me ~ coereer tlmo
vol~, or Youog’S MOdUIUe(POi)
thet obtained by celculst ion ueing the grinding work
iodex, Wi. T’him ●qprto the findioge of other
%=(ap)’% specificUaBrgY(Sk@)
pmvintm inveetigetom(ss’= s~am).

r Pat= Coeetaot

?b Tberml enpelleioe
force (lbf )
Seeed 00 tbe reeulte obtained in our ●tudy, the
following conclueiooe may be drmta:
Fj Fomeduetojetw ( ibf)

Tt r- & to tolwle impatObf)

 SPE/IADC16101 A. HAl ‘MVOVDI 7

K A mmetantor ●iae mdultu (m) Im Pemetmtialrate(ftmr)

n 7nr~ applied to bit ( lbf-ft) M- neclw)ical horeepouer per minute

(bP=)
n A cotntaot
P W deaaity (PM)
n itotary speed (rp=)
Q ~lw rate (gpm)
P Particlo ●iae (*)
AP Pramre drop at bit (psi)
P.
In
Bit -r input (bp)
Ad Area of jet (ins)

P
out Bit -r output (bp)

At Total nnazle ema (ins)

r Bit india (m)
!?,> Area of aittinga avail~le for heat
Bit revolut ione per ●ioute (I%@ %
-
tmaefer ( ins)
Euw= Bit coae Mvolutim per minute (~) cd Diecbsrge -f f icieot of noazle

B Panetmtion mte (ft/hr)

K ~1 expmsion coefficient (*)

P Ragreaaion cnefficiat of
AT Ave~ t~mture ciamge (. F)
&t*milMtioo

t Drilltltg t- (Bin)

1. iiall, n.n. ,~, u., end mea,?., “Ability of

?r Trenaferratiobetweenanergy
Drilli~ M to Lift Bit Cuttio@, ” Tmea.,
traoaferred
to rock and energy AM (1~), Vol. 166, PP 36-36.
evai10Mo
2. Siffermo,T.R., ●t *1., “Brill Cutting Tmnaport
v Voltmeof rock drilled per unit tim in Pull Scale Vertical hnuli , “ 4Bth Annual

(ft’/oec) 3PB of All#t Pall hoting, preprint No.

SPS4614, 1973.
v cr Crnes flou velocity (ft/hr)
3. Suasaini, S. M., aod Azar,J.J., “lixperiaental Study
of Drilled Cuttings Tranaport lbing CODOO
Vh Velocity of the tooth falling on the
Drilling Mud,” SPSJ (P*. 1983), pp. 11-20.
rock (f t/hr )
4. Perrp,J. EL, Chesical Iiogineer’s Sandbook, 3rd
Vj Bit jet velocity (ft/br) Bd., p. 1114, H-ill Book Co., Inc., Wax
York, 1960.
w Work done on rock graine(ft-lbf)
S. Von Rittioger,P. Ro, Lehrburh der
Aufbereituogekuade, Berline, 1667.
Ims Uei@t on bit (1000*lb .)

6. Kick, ~. , Daa Oeaetz &r Proport ionalen

% Total work done by bit (ft-lbf) wi&ratmde uad Ssim ~, Arthur
Pelix, tiipaig, 1=. Aloo il. Stadler,
x Distanca fra canter of bit to center Grading &alyaea end Their Applicatioaa, AMI
of jet tit ame (ft) Traoe., 1910, vol. 19, pp. 471+, 609-637,
1911, vol. 20, pp. 4s0-432.
x Objectdietance (in)
7. Bond, ?.C., “mm Third Theory of Cc-inution, ”
xi Indmend@t field tit= (k) point AllE Tmne., 1=, vol. 193. p.~?.

~. Yi ~“ fi*ld * (-) Poiat

-.
—.
 3 PRSDICTIOS OF AVZRACZ C.YTI!M LIZEWSIL2 DRILLISO SSALSS SPE/IAOC 16101

8. Paddock,ll.c., 20. ROyOt&vauiA,A., ~le Solids Cmtrol: A ti

“Selectioa of Percw ‘ ve Drilliog
Squipmnt,” Promedin5 of tb Sacond mIMT
s~im 00 wining Techoiquei4illing ●t BDtb Amnml TerAmiral Qmfarence end ‘—
Bquipmnt Balactieo, vol. 4, Unbr@md Sxhibitim of APB of AM, Ln Vegee, Bamde,
Mining Squipent, Socnrro, - kico, April Sept. 22-25, 166s.
21-22, lms, pp. 2s-42.
21. Vitter, A. L., “Bit Perfornoce, ” ~ sP2
9. Cherlee,ILJ., “6ergy-Sise Reductieo Praaatad at the 46th Amaml Ml meeting of
Itelat ionehipe ia ~irnstioe, ” Mining SP& Lu v-, nevade, Sept. m. 9,
Engineering, AM Treoe., (Jan. 1*7) 9, 1673.
*.18 a.
2S. -,B.B. , u,4 TtbbAtte,S,A., tie of Siee m
10. lhAay,D. s. ,at al., “IAoretory Drilling Three Cooe Bit hrf~ io ~tory
Perferwaee of the Pull scaleRock Bit,” SPB Drilled Slmle, ” ~ ~t.d ●t tlbe 57th
mar w--td 1660 BPS Aomel
d the Fall Auaml roll Tdulial Cenfemew eDd
Meeting, Denver,Oct.2-5. 2xhibitioo of ~ of AM, Hen Orleeee, LA,
**. -=, 1-.
11. Saerton,W.iL , “A Laboratory Study of S/ock
Sreekegeby Rotary Drilling, ” Trene., AM 23. 2eleay,It.A. , ~ PAret,B. L. , “Btauliee of the
(MO) Vol. 216, pp. 62-67. Energy ReQnA~te for crdtAog,” Iod. lbg.
*., V. 52, llB7, pp. 142-756.
12. Teele,%., “Tin Concept of SpecificXnergyin
Hock Drilling,” Iet’1.J. Rock M. Hiniog 24. &mleee,J.W. , md Pirot, E.L. , “Crwhieg of
Sei., 2, 1S5, pp. 57-73.
Single Perticlee of Cryetelltm Qurta, ” Iod.
Xng. C-., V. 42, 1=, pp. 66S-674.

— M. RA18,E., “-f ic 2uargy 00 ● CritariaIfor

Dri 11 ing perf~ Predictive, ” Iat’1. Jo ~. ~~=,E.~. , ~ ~e,U.A. , “~ ~W
Rock Uech. mining Sci. , lm, pp. 39-42. to Correlate 3rinding Work Index Valoee with
~ Drilling end Bleetiog Data, ”
14. Warren, T. M., “Tectore Affectiog Torqw for ● Quarterly of Colorale School of NAoee , Vol.
Roller Cone Sit, ” J. Pet. Tech. (Sept. 1664)s S4, 1656.
pp. 1s00-1s0s.
26. %u,J. , eat Lw,Z. , “- 8ffect of ~ sit
Ctitt iag Structure on Rock Breaking
15. Siren. R.. -. Selence
“Snerm in Rock Drill ing, ”
BfficiOncy, ” paper pmeantad at th s~ l=
paper SPS 49S preeented ●t the 1663 SP2
Intaroetieael Meeting on Petrolem
Conference on Drilling end Rock ~iee,
Sngi aeeriog, Seijiog, Cbioa, *cb 17-20,
Auetin, Texee, Jan. 23-24.
lm.

16. Simn,R. , “Dimueeion of m Laboratory Study of

APPBNMX A
Rock Sreakege by Rotary Drill ing, ” J. Pet.
Tech. (Dec. 1659) W. 76A-60.
~: 6.625” Sit

1?. Ooson,J. S., Brittea, P. E., eod Fode, J. B.,

“Predetermining Average F~t Size-A Cam Suppoea that t~ follaring eat of data msre
Study, ” Proceeding- of AM-SE Meeting, k obtained and we need to deteraioa the beet mdel for
Orleene, LA, Hercb 126s, pp. 160-166. predicting the ●verage perticle ●iz.e:

18. Dick, R. A.,et al., “A Study of Fragmentation free xi Y~ q q xir~

Sencb Sleeting in Limetone at a Reduced .00252 .02m6 .DOODO@5 .-14 .~
BeaLe, ” Reportof 2eveetL@tAea7704, U.S. .00114 .02s41 .OBMDMO .~ .~
Dept. of Intarier, Bureau of mime, 1670. .00222 .Ds2sl .$MmOlo27 .WMMB4 .wlD6m
.Dolfm .016ss .Dtmwloo .~ .0DD01653
19. Clmnim,c. , “The Sue-sin *I for Predict ion .IMI04 .O1l* .-km .mlm .00tmlw
of ~tat inn by Blat iog, ” ~inge of .Do79s .86146 .DM062W .00277m .mOt87M
the Firet Interuetiemal S~iW en Rock
fregaeotaticn by Sleeting, Luke, Swedea, TOTAL: .02377 .- .0D013!M7 .0064706 .ool-
Aummt 1!M3. on. 4-3.

4
 Yi=e+bx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A-1)
~: 8.6” Bit

ubicb can be written M:

ubenthemprecedMm ee for 6.626” bit is
=A+BXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2)-2) ~lied to the data eat for c w 8.5” bit w ~tain
Yi the following:

where: B= 87.82, A = .0001l~

Ybtu tbe SO&l for 8.5” bit bacaee:

Yi=&+d

xi . ~r**xw**df
* = m.7s

ntarefere, the ~tioe d Iti

relatiaubip for catr mdel ia tairiy good ●iwm .607
is again cloee to amity.
~ - [zY#@x~q)/Nl
[Z@Yi)8/Nl ~Ix B

B[XiYi-EXiYi/N] DB81VATI@ OF ~ BXPnION _ (Fh)

E?=
~-(~i)*/N
Tbe ebeege in hegth due to t~reture cimege
for * ie:
Ee=nu~tbavawafA tiBfrsB
tbeabove equet ioee:
●t = 12LBAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(B-l)
B.~ $
.W013087 - ( .02377) 8/7
eod tbe chmge in lesgtb of rock tinder ●tmee within
= 6.28 the ~ or reeieteoce Itiit ia:

With tbe velue of B above:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(B-2)
‘a=%
A=--~~Z
Equet
ing et end em:

= .01124

12LXAT= ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(B-3)
Therefore, tbe pouer-aiae t. -reeer,tetive til
for our 6 6/8” bit ~:
Ceacelling oat term end reerreoging, equation (B-3)
~:

?h = K8AAT = 24AA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B-4)

whichUime rearranged becaee:
xhem
Ph = tbeNl expaaeioe fom (lbe
(A-3)

lP.sAiLdr~JmJauzl
.0w4706 - ( .’227S@/7

= .868 i.e. =.-

Tberefere, the ~ior of limer

rz*iAtimWbi9 for mu’ -1 if, fairly god 9iace .Blal
.-
.—
—
a ------
PREDIcTIO14 OF AIZWE .---— S1 ZE WHI LP. DRII.UNC
CUTTING SHAI.ES ..-, ---
evw}lmc -----
l~lnt

~11 C 12. sit e input

Sl#MARV OF SOUATIOM USSO IN CAICULATINQTABLSB 7&6

pin =uoB*vh +Ft*~it*q+Fj* VJ

1. Torque for roller cam bit

13. crow f 1* velocity

TO~Wl = [ 2.37 + 14.2 ~/ w ]~

‘== E$=?%d’”
2. Sit mdmlicei horeepamr
14. work done Oe rock gmioe

Bit MiP=- W= WM*MP+ZIBM

3. Volwe of rock drilled out 15. ~1 ~ion foam

vol=] #*30P t~ = S4A#

APrmDIl B
4. Work done per ton of rock drilled out

c#!-~”MBM
5. Product of pert icle 9iw m microne

w. -t-ti- -to (ft*) --- ●t

P=? drilliog ●ite

-: ~tmtim mte ( in/=in)

6. Velocity of tbe tooth falling on the roch

Vh=211r*~c 7@*~*~=l.4in/nin

7. Force due to torque input ~: ~i~t m bit ee recorded at drilling site

U: ~t~ •~ Ee recorded at drilling site

Ft=-

Col. ~: Eetery torque

8. Bit cone revolution per minute=’
Torque = [ 3.0+ 11.2 /-l@ *d*uoB
sPu==l.3*q
=[3.Q+ll.2 =] W525*30
9. Sit preesure drop .
= 644 ft-lbf

Apb . a311 10 -S*

~ :: ~: Bit necbenical ho~r (*)

10. Force due to jet Bit19iP=-

FJ = 0.01623 C* .*=13 .177bp

11. Bit jet ~ velocity u: Vol- of rook &illed Out

VJ =*=+
vol. = # Oe ● m = W(in”) * ImP(in,min)
—.
—
us
SPE/IADC 16101 A. HAYA Ivovol 11

= ~ $ 6.62!3’ * 1.4 IIPMc . 1.3 * qit

= 46.26 ina . 1,3 * @5 rev/rein

CO1. Q: Work dooe per ton of rock rlrilled out = 111 rev/Din

C-g: Jet -t force

work =
* 27.28 *20QQ
,.

FJ = 0.01623 cm
.

. 74 Kwh/toa
z o.olm3tio@lmJ/’ 15”o*”311*lo-s* 15”o*l~*
2.96Z*.2301=

~.~~: Perticle size ueing Bond Qrindiog ioden

= 47 lbf
formle (Ref. Djingheueien)

~: Bit jet velocity

P= 100*W
*
v,=+

. m *,4816, e 4.6 m
‘2+Bm?JI
❑

~: A~ drilled cuttiog siee f- sieve = 279 fthec

enaly8in
~: Bit inputpower (bP)

Pin ❑ (uoB*vh+Ft*~itmPhl=+FJ*vj)
. 25W Bu-w-w

=(301b#3.21ft/eec +30661 bf86.62Sir@

~: Tooth falling velocity (ft/see)
*11 lrev/nin+471b#272ft/mc)
5252
Vh =211r *~=
❑ 20.36 bP
where RPMc = bit cone revolutions
~: Crom flow velocity
= 1.3 * -it

=2* Ir*_**#*+m
‘.r = ~ [+kE]”=
= 3,21 ft/uc

~: Force due to bit torqwe

= K&ii P-P-l””
= 118 ft/sec
pt . p=
*I. 8: M* dotie a tbe rock greineper unittim
.644~-lb~*h*~

w=uoB*80P+211?N

= 3058 lb f
= 301bp7.0ft/hr+211-rev/=inaft-lbf

W: Bit = revoluti~ (ft/-) (ZZ refer-

= -2 ft- lbf
to in Col. 1)

4
7 PREDICTION OF AVERAGE CUTTINGS1ZE WHILE DRILLINGSHALES SPE/IAZX 16101

Col. s: Tberml expeneion force

Fh = 24 A#t

= 24m$Q**171

= 141235 lbf

~: Averege of drilled cutting size cooverted

to f8et

~: Bit ptnmr out

s
Out=
w+’h+”.
”””””
118ft/sec8450Sk52ft- lbt+14M851b# O023Wfi
. ●ec

41588 hp

TABLE I

SWY OF THE RESULTS OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR 8. 5“ BIT.

COEFFICIENTS WORK VS. AVE. BIT POWER INPUT BIT PCMER OUTPUT
OF DRILL CUTTING Vs. Vs.
REGRESSION SIZE AVERAGE DRILL AVEMCE 9RILL
CUTTING SIZE CUTTING SIZE
,
}
A 107000 77.1 12640
—— 1
IB I 749.!0003 I 2702 I 8s5000 I

t==l=
I
862% 82-2%
 TABLE 2

SUH?4ARYOF TIN!RSSULTS OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR 6 .62S” BIT.

I I I
COEFFICIENTS WORX VS . AVE. I BIT POWER INFU2 BIT PcXWR OUTPUT I
OF DRILL CUTTING Vs. Vs.
REGRESSION SIZE AVEKXE DRILL AVERACE DRILL
CUTTING SIZE CUTTING SIZE

I I
1

I A
I 243040
I 17.7 21281
I

k
B 27369101 248.04 3082132

R2 96.&% 97.3% 94.7%

TABLE 3

SUUUARYOF THE RSSULTSOF REGRESSIONANALYSIS FOR 8.!i” BIT.

J
A 10.8 - 2.0675 8.6732

I B
I - 822.9
I
I .009659
I - 823.8
I
R2
I 87.1% 86.7% B7.6Z

TABLE 4

SUMMARYOF THE RESULTS OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR 6.625” BIT.

I I 1 i I
COEFFICIENTS WOSX PER UNIT POWER INPUT PER PWER OU3WT PER
OF VOLUKS VS. UNIT VOLUME VS. UNIT VOLUNE VS.
RE.XZSSION AVERAGE DRILL AVERACE DRILL AVERAGE DRILL
CUTTING SIZE CUTTING S1 ZE CUTTING SIZE

m’
In I -190.83 I
0.06538

0.0012081 I
1
7.262

-156.3S I

Rz 88. 4X
96.8% 92 .0%

4s1
 rm.f. 5
,.. .
I)RILL1NG DATA
!Ikll i:!., !,

CONTANY NAME: NICERIAN CO.

cO!41’ANY N,LVF:
: x PIWDUCTION COXP
WELL NAUE: z-2
WELL NAM: z-1
BIT TYPE: MILLED TOOTH
BIT TYPE: API (5-I-7)
BIT SIZE: 8.5”
BIT SIZE: 6.625”
BIT JETS: 13 13 13
BIT JETS: 10 10 10
HOD !JEICNT: 12.5 Ppg
MID UEIGHT: 15.00 ppg
GNP: 450 gallmin.
CPU: 170, 180, 190 gal/mim.

I?-.,TH PENETRATION
RATE WEIGHT ON BIT ROTATIONAL SPEED DEPTH PENEY’lMTl ON WEIGHT ON ROTATIONAL V.DW RATE
it FT. FT./HR. 1000* LBS. REV/tiIN. RATE BIT SPEED
FT. IT/HR. 1000*lbs REV/MIN. CPM.

9717 10 118 12715 4.0 30 80 180

9729 3 118 12695 5.6 20 70 170
9839 6 118 12575 10.0 20 70 170
9693 21 112 12635 8.o 20 70 170
9680 4 120 12545 6.5 20 70 170
9632 9 120 12965 10.0 25 80 180
9876 7.5 12 120 12995 S.o 25 80 180
9863 5 15 120 13055 3.6 25 80 180
9668 11.5 15 120 13145 4.5 30 85 190
96b4 10.8 15 120 13025 6.o 30 85 190
9656 10 15 120 13175 7.0 30 85 190
9595 6 Is 120 13115 5.2 30 85 190
9790 5.5 15 118 1 1
9619 6.5 15 120
I I .—
 TABLE 7

VALI,2.V OF PARAME’27X3 FOR 6.623” BIT,

1 2 3 4 > b 7 8 9 10 11

1D21H rosa BIT JET JET BIT cn13ss - Uotz( T72E9JuL AVtUCE BIT
FALL1 NC DUL ’70 .074 e 17E’AC7 V2L. WEE F2.Ml ES9A)7SION MILL PWLR
VELOC,2-I TJ2QWS Rsv FVRCE 1)WU2 VEL . PONCE W7715W 0cT9LLT
Slzl!
n ISEC 231 WH w. 771 SEC ( hP (F?-1.a) (w)
hp/in 1 FT-2.BIIKJ L?.v F7 HP/lh J
..—

2.61 3101 1O& 39 2>0 18.77 105 (430436) 135576 .oo&lol (12762)
----- — ———— 78o5 .—t92–

2.6) ‘3001 104 38 250 (la.24) 105 (616986) 13G169 .0 U2231 (3:21:1
.41 937a 831

3.00 2724 lok k? 2L4 (17.02) 112 (3gg78;5) 23a43) .006365 ( 35WL)
75 522

).00 2k53 104 41 Zbb (1>.53) 112 (360612) 139144 .003563 ( 32L08)
.4s 9876 9,,:

) co 2757 111 42 266 [la.60) 112 (406693) 139S5a .006070 ( 1872U)

.75 16386 1 560)

3.21 111 279 (19.31) 118 (424709) 140571 .002789 (L6232)

2aao
.62 23691 1372
—

3 ?1 2991 111 41 279 (19.97. 118 (441309) 1391U .oo27a9 (442>2>

.48 10667 1(,69
—- .-

).?1 305a 111 61 279 (20.36) 118 (4509$2) 141285 .C02330 {.; I?U)
.42 93U 9,:
.—— -

219 118 (432741) 1k0571 .003b09 [4>17))

>1 293L 112 47 (19.63) :: :.,.
.55 12071

VALLES OF PARAHETEW 7QR 6.625’, BIT.

—----
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
—-.

Penet Pente. Uefisht - ROtazy Torque Bit Mch. volUme work Particle Part lclc
rate ,*C, bit Sperd h.ar, e site size
v-e. (Bond) (Screen Size)

ftlhr ir.lmin 10’JO* 23.1 rpm ft-lbf ~“ 3 Kwtllt.n km #m

~P

a.o l.b 30 ao a5b 7.a9 55.15 37.31 18 12\o

b.5 1.3 30 80 829 7.64 64.01 46.47 13 6s0

19.0 2 2s .90 752 11.65 68.94 43.32 14 19L0

— —

5.0 1 25 80 677 10.31 34.47 78 4 1080

—.

1.6 .72 30 85 761 9.90 24 .a2 104 2 :a50

6.5 .9 30 85 195 L2.8Z 31.02 100 2.2 200v

6,0 1.2 30 8> 826 13.37 41.37 8k 3.6 8.50

7.0 l.f. 30 85 8&w 13.67 46.26 4.6 710

5.2 l.ok 30 8> alo 13.11 35..3s 95 2.78 1100

 1000

M HICN VELOCITY
IMPACT
I ~ VE2JJCI
TY
I INPACT

I
2LWE .=l-n

4-
= -1.07
- CRUSHING n - 2.07
1 CRINDINC
;\ SMIPE - l-n
I
= -1.38
I —- n = 2.38 ,
1 -
KICK

5 10 50
PARTICLE SIZE, (W) SIZE MODULUS, K(ilt!)

Fig. 1 -Relatlonshlp between the epeclfic energy and the pertlcls ●ze of comminuted Fig. 2—Energy-eize reduction graph for impect of glees
send (after Peddock, Ref. S). cylkwlere efter R.J. Chertes.

SLOPE ,,1.42
n - 2.62
A =32 ,500

01- i * a a -1 lo~
o 5 10 15 20 25 o.~ 0.’4 0.6 0,8 l.n 2.0 4.0
ROTASY POWF~ (NP) SIZE NOOULUS. X( MN)

Fig. 3—Etfect of rotary power on drNNngrate (after Rowley et el., Fig. 4—Energy-sizemodulus relatlon
forconcrete(otter
$omerton,
Ref. 10). Ref. 11).
 SPE 161014
10
r
08.75” lADC 1-2-7
8 ● 8.5” lADC 5-1-7
I I

I
.— t!
d,u ‘1... A%+-’l/

1 .
L 1 # 4
.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 !
RIN h d)

m- c—c.*I, imtkin nf imnmtants Irr force balance tomue model for two

7.70

-., ”
t m
. .
1
11 4

0.00200 0.00250 0.00300 0.00350 0.00400 0.00450

PARTICLE SIZE, (m. )

Fkt. 6-Pow& output per unit volume aa a tunction of average particle size for M-in, bit.

7.2>

7.00 [ \

; # t n 1 m t

----
.0020 .0030 .0040 .00s0 .0060 .0070
PARTICLE SIZE, (FT) ~

Fis. 7–Power output per wit volume ee ● tunction ot average perttcte efze for 6.62S4n. bit.

4s6
 0.090

0.070

0.050
‘IN *X
v~~ ● u

0.030

●
0.010

0.0010 0.0025 0.0040 0.0055 0.0070 0.0085

FHA *d
x
‘CR ● w*t
P,n”x FM of “X”d
Fig. 8-— ●s ● function 01 for 8,628+. bit.
v~”vt V=”w”t

3$55 x 10-3

3.15 x 10-3

2.75 X 10-3

‘1.N ● X
ic.

2.35 X 10-3

1.95 x 10-3 ●

1 )*@ Z.15*10-5 2 .4O*1O-5 2 .6s*10-5 2.90*10-5 3.15*10-5

F ● x*d
H
‘CR* u * t

FH”X”d
Fig. %-~ ● ● tuncthl of — for S.S-In. bit.
CI Vm”w”t
w“
$ 2.70

0.90
t. * * , 4
83.0 84.3 85.6 86.9 88.2 89.5

INPUI BIT PCWER. (NP)

Fig. 10-Penetration rate ees function of power input for M-in. bit.

PWER OUTPUT, (1000 ● HP)

Fig. 11—Penetmtton fete ae ● functlorr of power output for W54n. bh.

.? 2,10
&
t

:
z 1.80 .
0

#
w
z
2 1.50 -
5

1.20.

18.S0 19.00 19.50 20.00 20.50 21.00

INPUT BIT POWER, (ltp)
Fig. 12—Penetraflon rate as a hmction of power input for 6.625-in. bit.

2.4
T

38.5 60.0 41.5 43.0 44.5 46.0

POWER OUTPUT, ( 1000 ● HP)

Fig. 13—PenetrMon rate as a function of power output for 6.626.in. bit.