12.standards, Specifications and Procedures PDF

Standards, specifications
and procedures
Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Standards and coating systems

Who makes the specification?
• The owner
• The consultant
• The management company
• The contractor
• The paint supplier
They may all have a greater or smaller input

to the content in the final specification

Who decides on the specification?
The final decision is with the one paying

the bill!

What should a surface treatment
specification contain?
• Surface preparation
• Paint application
• Quality control / equipment
• Repair
• Safety aspects
• Qualification of material and personnel
• Documentation / reports

Surface preparation
• Pre blasting preparations

• Approved surface preparation methods
• Demands of surface cleanliness and
roughness
• Methods of control / acceptance
• Demands of environmental conditions

Quality control
• What tests shall be carried out?

• What methods are to be used?
• What are the acceptance criteria?
• Consequences if work is non-conforming?
• Comments

PROCEDURES
ISO 12944:
• The part of the document that describes
the way the paint work is to be carried
out, in conformity with the project
specification and the protective paint
system specification, as well as with the
inspection and assessment specification

Specifications and procedures
Specification
• A document stating what we wish to achieve
– how and at what quality level a certain piece of work must be
carried out
Procedure
• A document explaining how we shall achieve the
requirements in a specification
– Processing instruction, check points, quality control
Procedure à Specification
how (to meet) requirements
STANDARDS
Refer to:
• NS 476:2004,
– Annex A.5 (page 25)
• “Corrosion Protection”,
Inspector’s book of reference
– Chapter 13 (pages 310 to 369)
– Appendix to Chapter 13 (pages 370 to 393)

Surface preparation
Standard for deciding rust grades
ISO 8501 - 1
Rust grade A, B, C and D

ISO 8501-1
Evaluation of rust grades
Rust grade A Rust grade B
Cd-0631-59 Cd-0631-58
Rust grade C Rust grade D
Cd-0631-57 Cd-0631-56

Mill scale on pipes
• Corrosion and mill scale, rust grade B

• Rust and mill scale must be removed prior to paint application.
• Mill scale can be removed by blast-cleaning
Cd-4930-86

ISO 8501 - 1
Standard for deciding preparation grades
Sa: Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 ½ and 3)
St.: Hand and power tool cleaning

(grades 2 and 3)
Fl: Flame cleaning (one grade)

ISO 8501-1
Hand and Power Tool Cleaning (St)
St 2 Thorough hand and power tool cleaning.

When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free
from visible oil, grease and dirt, and poorly adhering mill scale,
rust, paint coatings and foreign matter.
St 3 Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning.

As for St 2, but the surface shall be treated much more
thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the metallic
substrate.

ISO 8501-1
Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)

Sa 1 Light blast cleaning
When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible
oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint
coatings and foreign matter.
Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning

oil, grease and dirt and from most of the mill scale, rust, paint coatings
and foreign matter. Any residual contamination shall be firmly adhering.

ISO 8501-1
Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)
Sa 2½ Very thorough blast cleaning.

oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint
coatings and foreign matter. Any remaining traces of contamination shall
show only as slight stains in the form of spots or stripes.
Sa 3 Blast cleaning to visually clean steel.

oil, grease and dirt, and shall be free from mill scale, rust, paint coatings
and foreign matter. It shall have a uniform metallic colour.

ISO 8501 - 1
• Left: Blast standard agreement

• Right: Hand tooling of C steel to St 2
4932-76 0631-55

ISO 8501 - 2
Surface preparation
As for ISO 8501-1, but:

For steel where previous coating has been removed
locally, not completely.

ISO 8501 - 2
PSa : Localised blast cleaning

(grades 2, 2 ½ and 3)
PSt : Localised hand and power tool cleaning

(grades 2 and 3)
PMa : Localised machine abrading (one grade)

ISO 8501 - 3
Surface preparation. Design
Visual assessment of surface design
Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and

surface imperfections.

Waterjetting
ISO 8501-4 Preparation grades of coated and uncoated

steel substrates after removal of rust and previous
coatings by hugh=pressure water-jetting
– Photographic standard in progress, showing grades DC A, DC
B, DC C1, DC C2, DC D
SSPC VIS-4 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel

Surfaces prepared by waterjetting.
– WJ 1 Surface free of all rust, coatings, mill scale and
foreign matter.
– WJ 2 95% removed.
– WJ 3 Two thirds removed.
– WJ 4 All loose rust, mill scale and coatings removed.

ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness (1 of 2)
Part 1 Field test for soluble iron corrosion products
Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned

surfaces.
Part 3 Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for

painting (pressure- sensitive tape method)
Part 4 Guidance on the estimation of the probability of

condensation prior to paint application.
Part 5 Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces

prepared for painting. Ion detector tube method.

ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness (2 of 2)
Part 6 Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis.

The Bresle method.
Part 9 Conductometric measurements of soluble salts

ISO 8502-3
Assessment of dust
Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting.
Tape Blast cleaned steel
Approved
Not approved

ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Assessment of dust on
steel surface prepared for painting
1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

corresponding to pictorial references
2. Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
• Left: Dust on steel beam
• Right: Control of dust according to standard
0866-14
0866-13

ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Assessment of dust on steel

surface prepared for painting
1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 corresponding to
pictorial references
2. Dust size classes:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Inspection / Dust_control1

ISO 8503
Surface roughness of blast-cleaned steel
Specifications and definitions for ISO surface

Part 1 profile comparatives for the assessment of
abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces.
Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive
Part 2
blast- cleaned steel - Comparator procedure.
Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile
Part 3 comparators and for the determination of surface
profile- Focusing microscope procedure.
Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile
Part 4 comparators and for the determination of
surface profile - Stylus instrument procedure
ISO 8503
Surface roughness
• Example of a reference
comparator
• Surface profile comparator
comprising four segments.
• Grit (G)
• Shot (S)
Cd-4932-86
• Check if the profile is
according to specification and
the paint manufacturer’s
recommendation

ISO 8503 - 1
Limits of profile grades
a) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to,
Fine (G)
but excluding segment 2 (25-50 micr)
Medium (G)
Coarse (G) Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to,
b) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Fine (S) Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to,
Medium (S) Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to,
Coarse (S)
ISO 8503 - 1
Nominal values and tolerances
a) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Segment Nominal reading Tolerance

µm µm
1 25 3
2 60 10
3 100 15
4 150 20
b) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Segment Nominal reading Tolerance
µm µm
1 25 3
2 40 5
3 70 10
4 100 15

Ry – the maximum peak-to-valley
height occuring over a sampling length

Ry – the maximum peak-to-valley height
occuring over a sampling length

Ra – average roughness
Ra = the mean distance of all points on the profile to the centre line
Centre line

ISO 12944
General standard for corrosion protection:
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection
of steel structures by protective paints systems.
Part 1 General introduction.
Part 2 Classification of environments.
Part 3 Design considerations.
Part 4 Types of surface and surface preparation.
Part 5 Protective paint systems.

Part 6 Laboratory performance test methods.
Part 7 Execution and supervision of paint work.
Part 8 Development of specifications for new work

and maintenance.

ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES

ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES

Checklist for coating selection

ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES

ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES

ISO 11124
Content of the standard
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
The standard consists of 5 parts
Part 1 Introduction
Part 2 Chilled iron grit
Part 3 High carbon cast steel shot and grit
Part 4 Low carbon cast steel shot
Part 5 Cut steel wire

ISO 11125
Methods of test for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
Part 1 Sampling
Part 2 Determination of particle size distribution
Part 3 Determination of hardness
Part 4 Determination of apparent density
Part 5 Determination of defective particles
and microstructure
Part 6 Determination of matter
Part 7 Determination of moisture
Part 8 Abrasive mechanical properties
ISO 11126
Specification for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive.
Part 1 Introduction
Part 2 Silica sand
Part 3 Copper refinery slag
Part 4 Coal furnace slag
Part 5 Nickel refinery slag
Part 6 Iron furnace slag
Part 7 Fused aluminium oxide
Part 8 Olivine sand
Part 9 Staurolite
Part 10 Garnet
ISO 11127
Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
Part 1 Sampling
Part 2 Determination of particle size distribution
Part 3 Determination of apparent density
Part 4 Determination of hardness by a glass slide test
Part 5 Determination of moisture content
Part 6 Determination of water soluble
contamination by conductive measurement
Part 7 Determination of water soluble chlorides
Part 8 Abrasive mechanical properties

Contamination of abrasives
The abrasives can be contaminated with:
• Water
• Oil and grease
• Chlorides
• Sulphates

ISO 11127 - 5
Content of humidity of the abrasives
•Laboratory test
•Requirement: Maximum 0.2 %

ISO 11127 - 6
Content of water soluble contaminants
Conductivity measurements
• A sample of 100 g. of the abrasives
• 100 ml of water
• Shake for 5 minutes and let rest for 1 hour
• Shake again for another 5 minutes
• Measure the conductivity at a temperature
of 10 oC
Requirement: Maximum conductivity of 25 mS/m

How to check the abrasives
• According to ASTM D 4940

• Mix 300 ml of abrasive and 300 ml water
• Stir for 1 min. let stand for 8 min., stir again for 1 min.
Conductivity (AB-1) Oil content (AB-1)

Fill the liquid for test No presence of oil,
and measure the either on top or as an
conductivity. emulsion after 30 min.
Max 25 mS/m

Is the abrasive free from
oil and grease ?
• Put a handful of the abrasives into a

beaker
• Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker

• Shake the mixture
• A film of oil will form on top of the
water if oil or grease are present
This is of particular importance to

check when abrasives are recycled

Is the abrasive free from
oil and grease ?
• ASTM D 4940
• Put a handful of the
abrasives into a beaker
• Pour clean, fresh water

into the beaker
• Shake the mixture

• A film of oil will form on
top of the water if oil or
grease are present
Shopprimer/ Abrasive_test1

ISO 2808 - 97
Determination of film thickness (1 of 2)
Method 1: Determination of wet film thickness.
Method 2: Determination of dry-film thickness by

calculation from mass
Method 3: Measurement of dry-film thickness by
mechanically contacting method
Method 4: Measurement of dry-film thickness by the
profilometer method
Method 5: Measurement of dry-film thickness using
microscope method

ISO 2808 - 97
Determination of film thickness: (2 of 2)
Method 6: Magnetic method
Method 7: Eddy current method
Method 8: Non-contact methods
Method 9: Gravimetric method (dissolving methods)
Method 10: Determination of dry-film thickness on

blast-cleaned steel substrates

ISO 4628
• Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings
• Designation of intensity, quantity and size of

common types of defect

ISO 4628
Content of the Standard
The standard consists of six parts
Part 1 General principles and rating schemes
Part 2 Designation of degree of blistering
Part 3 Designation of degree of rusting
Part 4 Designation of degree of cracking
Part 5 Designation of degree of flaking
Part 6 Designation of degree of chalking

ISO 4628 / 1
General principles and rating schemes
Uniform deterioration.
Rating scheme for designation the intensity of deterioration
consisting of a uniform change in the
visual appearance of the paint coating.
Rating Intensity of change

0 unchanged, i.e. no perceptible change
1 very slight, i.e. just perceptible change
2 slight i.e. clearly perceptible change
3 moderate, i.e. very clearly perceptible change
4 considerable, i.e. pronounced change
5 severe, i.e. intense change

ISO 4628 / 1
Scattered defects.
Rating scheme for designating the quantity of defects consisting
of discontinuities or other local imperfections of the paint coating.
Quantity of defects
Rating (relative to a test surface area of 1 to 2 dm²)
0 none, i.e. no detectable defects
1 very few, i.e. some just significant defects
2 few, i.e. small but significant amount of defects
3 Moderate, i.e. medium amount of defects
4 considerable, i.e. serious amount of defects
5 dense, i.e. dense pattern of defects

ISO 4628 / 1
Rating scheme for designating
the size (order of magnitude) of defects
Class Size of defect

0 not visible under 10 X magnification
1 only visible under magnification up to 10 X
2 just visible with normal corrected vision
3 clearly visible with normal corrected vision (up to 0,5 mm)
4 range 0,5 to 5 mm
5 larger than 5 mm

ISO 4628 / 1
Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following
information:
a) the type and identification of the product tested
b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/1)
c) the type of defect
d) the intensity of the defect (table 1) or,
e) the quantity of the defect (table 2)
f) the rating, if any, of the size of the defect in brackets
preceded by the letter “S”.
Examples: cratering of top coat : 2 (S3)
whitening : 4
rivelling : 3 (S2)

ISO 4628 / 3
Designation of degree of rusting
Rating
Designate the degree of rust formation by reference to
the pictorial standards
Degree Area rusted %

Ri 0 0
Ri 1 0,05
Ri 2 0,5
Ri 3 1
Ri 4 8
Ri 5 40/50
Assessment of area ratio
for coating breakdown
0.1 % 1.0 %
. .
. . . .
.
. . .
3.0 % 10 %
20 % 30 %

Standards and coating systems

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Standards, specifications

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

They may all have a greater or smaller input

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

The final decision is with the one paying

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Pre blasting preparations

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• What tests shall be carried out?

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Rust grade C Rust grade D

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Corrosion and mill scale, rust grade B

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Sa: Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 ½ and 3)

St.: Hand and power tool cleaning

Fl: Flame cleaning (one grade)

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Hand and Power Tool Cleaning (St)

St 2 Thorough hand and power tool cleaning.

St 3 Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning.

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)

Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)

Sa 2½ Very thorough blast cleaning.

Sa 3 Blast cleaning to visually clean steel.

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Left: Blast standard agreement

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

As for ISO 8501-1, but:

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

PSa : Localised blast cleaning

PSt : Localised hand and power tool cleaning

PMa : Localised machine abrading (one grade)

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Visual assessment of surface design

Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

ISO 8501-4 Preparation grades of coated and uncoated

SSPC VIS-4 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Part 1 Field test for soluble iron corrosion products

Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned

Part 3 Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for

Part 4 Guidance on the estimation of the probability of

Part 5 Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Part 6 Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis.

Part 9 Conductometric measurements of soluble salts

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

2. Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Assessment of dust on steel