Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

TB-1

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
750 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 2070 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 160 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 25 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 25 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 25 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 750 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 10308.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0133
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1330
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.400
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 413.0 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 896.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 224.1 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 7.0 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0013
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1e'1 = e 1 - 0.0013
Distance from critical crackeposition
2 to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00097

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1702 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-2

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 2861 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 0 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12 mm
Dia of member b = 900 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 12241.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0132
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1325
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.399
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 409.7 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 890.1 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 262.6 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 9.9 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0016
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0016
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00128

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2228 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-2

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

50 cmin = acr
=
38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3076

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 0
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12
Dia of member b = 900
Dia of member h = 1590
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500
Steel modulus Es = 200000
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 11259.00
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0122
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1218
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.387
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 396.9
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 894.4
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 305.5
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 10.9
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0018
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0018
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00151

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2618
> 0.2 mm
 Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-2

d d h
m m
m m
m Cmin
m
acr

50

38 38
900 35 35

kNm/m Serviciability State Moment, Ms =

kN Serviciability State Axial Force P =
mm C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3
mm Nominal Cover to 1st layer of reinforcement nc =
mm Diameter of Link Bar Lbar
mm Dia of member b =
mm Dia of member h =
mm Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy =
N/mm2 Steel modulus Es =
Dist' from comp' face to the q =
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
mm Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt =
mm on tension face (from labfill) a =
N/mm2 Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 =
mm2 Area of Tension Reinforcement As =
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p =
mm Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d =
N/mm2 Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff =

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m =

therefore m*p =
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d =
mm Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x =
mm Lever arm z = d-x/3 z =
N/mm2 Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs =
N/mm 2 Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb
 Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 =
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff )
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2

Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar

mm max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))]

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

mm w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr =
 ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es

1e1

cmin = acr
=

4170 kNm/m
0 kN
70 mm
32 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
32 mm
50 mm
12 mm
900 mm
1590 mm
50 mm
45 N/mm2
500 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2
1.10
1590 mm
1158.71 mm
33541.02 N/mm2
21865.00 mm2
0.0237
1026.71 mm
15972 N/mm2

10.00
0.2366
0.491
504.0 mm
858.7 mm
222.1 N/mm2
12.1 N/mm2
 0.0014

0.0000
0.0014

58.7 mm

0.00123

0.2125 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-3

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3396 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 32 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12 mm
Dia of member b = 900 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 16085.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0174
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1741
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.441
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 452.9 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 875.7 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 241.1 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 10.8 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0015
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0015
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00125

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2173 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-3

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

50 cmin = acr
=
34 34
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3574

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 36
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 36
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 0
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12
Dia of member b = 900
Dia of member h = 1590
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500
Steel modulus Es = 200000
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 12968.00
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0141
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1022.71
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1409
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.408
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 417.6
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 883.5
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 311.9
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 12.2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0019
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0019
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.5
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00162

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2797
> 0.2 mm
 Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-3

d d h
m m
m m
m Cmin
m
acr

50

38 38
900 35 35

kNm/m Serviciability State Moment, Ms =

kN Serviciability State Axial Force P =
mm C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3
mm Nominal Cover to 1st layer of reinforcement nc =
mm Diameter of Link Bar Lbar
mm Dia of member b =
mm Dia of member h =
mm Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy =
N/mm2 Steel modulus Es =
Dist' from comp' face to the q =
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
mm Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt =
mm on tension face (from labfill) a =
N/mm2 Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 =
mm2 Area of Tension Reinforcement As =
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p =
mm Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d =
N/mm2 Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff =

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m =

therefore m*p =
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d =
mm Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x =
mm Lever arm z = d-x/3 z =
N/mm2 Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs =
N/mm 2 Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb
 Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 =
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff )
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2

Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar

mm max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))]

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

mm w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr =
 ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es

1e1

cmin = acr
=

5016 kNm/m
0 kN
70 mm
32 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
32 mm
50 mm
12 mm
900 mm
1590 mm
50 mm
45 N/mm2
500 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2
1.10
1590 mm
1158.71 mm
33541.02 N/mm2
25836.00 mm2
0.0280
1026.71 mm
15972 N/mm2

10.00
0.2796
0.519
532.6 mm
849.2 mm
228.6 N/mm2
14.0 N/mm2
 0.0014

0.0000
0.0014

58.7 mm

0.00131

0.2273 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-4

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3256 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 32 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12 mm
Dia of member b = 900 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 16085.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0174
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1741
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.441
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 452.9 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 875.7 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 231.1 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 10.3 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0014
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0014
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00119

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2067 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-4

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

50 cmin = acr
=
38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3386

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 0
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12
Dia of member b = 900
Dia of member h = 1590
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500
Steel modulus Es = 200000
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 12868.00
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0139
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1393
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.407
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 417.4
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 887.6
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 296.5
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 11.5
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0018
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0018
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00151

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2621
> 0.2 mm
 Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-4

d d h
m m
m m
m Cmin
m
acr

50

38 38
900 35 35

kNm/m Serviciability State Moment, Ms =

kN Serviciability State Axial Force P =
mm C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3
mm Nominal Cover to 1st layer of reinforcement nc =
mm Diameter of Link Bar Lbar
mm Dia of member b =
mm Dia of member h =
mm Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy =
N/mm2 Steel modulus Es =
Dist' from comp' face to the q =
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
mm Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt =
mm on tension face (from labfill) a =
N/mm2 Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 =
mm2 Area of Tension Reinforcement As =
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p =
mm Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d =
N/mm2 Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff =

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m =

therefore m*p =
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d =
mm Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x =
mm Lever arm z = d-x/3 z =
N/mm2 Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs =
N/mm 2 Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb
 Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 =
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff )
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2

Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar

mm max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))]

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

mm w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr =
 ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es

1e1

cmin = acr
=

4812 kNm/m
0 kN
70 mm
32 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
50 mm
12 mm
900 mm
1590 mm
50 mm
45 N/mm2
500 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2
1.10
1590 mm
1158.71 mm
33541.02 N/mm2
24683.00 mm2
0.0267
1026.71 mm
15972 N/mm2

10.00
0.2671
0.511
524.7 mm
851.8 mm
228.9 N/mm2
13.5 N/mm2
 0.0014

0.0000
0.0014

58.7 mm

0.00130

0.2255 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-5

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3693 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 25 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12 mm
Dia of member b = 900 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 14831.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0161
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1605
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.428
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 439.8 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 880.1 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 282.9 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 12.0 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0017
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0017
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00148

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2570 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-5

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

50 cmin = acr
=
34 34
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 3893

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 36
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 36
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 0
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 12
Dia of member b = 900
Dia of member h = 1590
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500
Steel modulus Es = 200000
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 13950.00
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0152
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1022.71
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1516
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.419
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 429.0
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 879.7
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 317.2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 13.0
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0019
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0020
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.5
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00168

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2903
> 0.2 mm
 Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-5

d d h
m m
m m
m Cmin
m
acr

50

34 34
900 35 35

kNm/m Serviciability State Moment, Ms =

kN Serviciability State Axial Force P =
mm C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs =
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 =
mm Diameter of Spacer Bar fs
mm Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3
mm Nominal Cover to 1st layer of reinforcement nc =
mm Diameter of Link Bar Lbar
mm Dia of member b =
mm Dia of member h =
mm Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 =
N/mm 2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy =
N/mm2 Steel modulus Es =
Dist' from comp' face to the q =
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
mm Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt =
mm on tension face (from labfill) a =
N/mm2 Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 =
mm2 Area of Tension Reinforcement As =
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p =
mm Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d =
N/mm2 Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff =

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m =

therefore m*p =
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d =
mm Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x =
mm Lever arm z = d-x/3 z =
N/mm2 Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs =
N/mm 2 Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb
 Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 =
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff )
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2

Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar

mm max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))]

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

mm w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr =
 ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es

1e1

cmin = acr
=

5202 kNm/m
0 kN
70 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
36 mm
50 mm
12 mm
900 mm
1590 mm
50 mm
45 N/mm2
500 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2
1.10
1590 mm
1158.71 mm
33541.02 N/mm2
26647.00 mm2
0.0290
1022.71 mm
15972 N/mm2

10.00
0.2895
0.525
536.5 mm
843.9 mm
231.3 N/mm2
14.5 N/mm2
 0.0015

0.0000
0.0015

58.5 mm

0.00135

0.2326 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-6

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
750 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 2990 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 465 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 750 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 17686.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0228
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.2281
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.485
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 501.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 866.7 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 195.1 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 8.7 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0012
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0012
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00098

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1707 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-7&9

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 1359 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 25 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 5535.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0120
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1198
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.384
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 394.4 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 895.2 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 274.3 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 4.8 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0017
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0017
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00097

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1677 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
 ec=(fs/Ec) ec=(fs/Ec) ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es fs/Es fs/Es

1e1 1e1 1e1

c c c
m m m
in in in
= = =
a a a
Ms = 1668 cr kNm/m Ms = 2196 cr kNm/m Ms = 2133 cr
P = 0 = kN P = 0 = kN P = 0 =
s = 70 mm s = 70 mm s = 70
f1 = 32 mm f1 = 32 mm f1 = 32
fs = 32 mm fs = 32 mm fs = 32
f2 = 25 mm f2 = 32 mm f2 = 32
fs 32 mm fs 32 mm fs 32
f3 25 mm f3 20 mm f3 20
nc = 50 mm nc = 50 mm nc = 50
Lbar 10 mm Lbar 10 mm Lbar 10
b = 450 mm b = 450 mm b = 450
h = 1590 mm h = 1590 mm h = 1590
cmin = 50 mm cmin = 50 mm cmin = 50
fck,28 = 45 N/mm 2 fck,28 = 45 N/mm 2 fck,28 = 45
fy = 500 N/mm 2 fy = 500 N/mm 2 fy = 500
Es = 200000 N/mm2 Es = 200000 N/mm2 Es = 200000
q = 1.10 q = 1.10 q = 1.10
bt = 1590 mm bt = 1590 mm bt = 1590
a = 1158.71 mm a = 1158.71 mm a = 1158.71
Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2 Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2 Ec,28 = 33541.02
As = 5535.00 mm 2 As = 7064.00 mm 2 As = 7064.00
p = 0.0120 p = 0.0153 p = 0.0153
d = 1026.71 mm d = 1026.71 mm d = 1026.71
Eeff = 15972 N/mm 2 Eeff = 15972 N/mm2 Eeff = 15972

m = 10.00 m = 10.00 m = 10.00

m*p = 0.1198 m*p = 0.1529 m*p = 0.1529
x/d = 0.384 x/d = 0.421 x/d = 0.421
x = 394.4 mm x = 432.1 mm x = 432.1
z = 895.2 mm z = 882.7 mm z = 882.7
fs = 336.6 N/mm2 fs = 352.2 N/mm2 fs = 342.1
fcb 5.9 N/mm 2 fcb 7.2 N/mm 2 fcb 7.0
e1 = 0.0020 e1 = 0.0022 e1 = 0.0021

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0020 0.0022 0.0021

58.7 mm 58.7 mm 58.7

0.00134 0.00162 0.00156

Wcr = 0.2331 mm Wcr = 0.2813 mm Wcr = 0.2707

> 0.2 mm > 0.2 mm > 0.2 mm
 ec=(fs/Ec) ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es fs/Es

1e1 1e1

c c
m m
in in
= =
a a
kNm/m Ms = 2060 cr kNm/m Ms = 2086 cr kNm/m Ms =
kN P = 0 = kN P = 0 = kN P =
mm s = 70 mm s = 70 mm s =
mm f1 = 32 mm f1 = 32 mm f1 =
mm fs = 32 mm fs = 32 mm fs =
mm f2 = 32 mm f2 = 32 mm f2 =
mm fs 32 mm fs 32 mm fs
mm f3 20 mm f3 20 mm f3
mm nc = 50 mm nc = 50 mm nc =
mm Lbar 10 mm Lbar 10 mm Lbar
mm b = 450 mm b = 450 mm b =
mm h = 1590 mm h = 1590 mm h =
mm cmin = 50 mm cmin = 50 mm cmin =
N/mm 2 fck,28 = 45 N/mm 2 fck,28 = 45 N/mm 2 fck,28 =
N/mm 2 fy = 500 N/mm 2 fy = 500 N/mm2 fy =
N/mm2 Es = 200000 N/mm2 Es = 200000 N/mm2 Es =
q = 1.10 q = 1.10 q =
mm bt = 1590 mm bt = 1590 mm bt =
mm a = 1158.71 mm a = 1158.71 mm a =
N/mm2 Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2 Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2 Ec,28 =
mm2 As = 7064.00 mm2 As = 7064.00 mm2 As =
p = 0.0153 p = 0.0153 p =
mm d = 1026.71 mm d = 1026.71 mm d =
N/mm2 Eeff = 15972 N/mm2 Eeff = 15972 N/mm2 Eeff =

m = 10.00 m = 10.00 m =
m*p = 0.1529 m*p = 0.1529 m*p =
x/d = 0.421 x/d = 0.421 x/d =
mm x = 432.1 mm x = 432.1 mm x =
mm z = 882.7 mm z = 882.7 mm z =
N/mm2 fs = 330.4 N/mm2 fs = 334.5 N/mm2 fs =
N/mm 2 fcb 6.8 N/mm 2 fcb 6.9 N/mm 2 fcb
 e1 = 0.0020 e1 = 0.0020 e1 =

0.0000 0.0000
0.0020 0.0020

mm 58.7 mm 58.7 mm

0.00149 0.00151

mm Wcr = 0.2582 mm Wcr = 0.2627 mm Wcr =

> 0.2 mm > 0.2 mm
ec=(fs/Ec) ec=(fs/Ec)

fs/Es fs/Es

1e1 1e1

c c
m m
in in
= =
a a
2099 cr kNm/m Ms = 2186 cr kNm/m
0 = kN P = 0 = kN
70 mm s = 70 mm
32 mm f1 = 32 mm
32 mm fs = 32 mm
32 mm f2 = 32 mm
32 mm fs 32 mm
32 mm f3 32 mm
50 mm nc = 50 mm
10 mm Lbar 10 mm
450 mm b = 450 mm
1590 mm h = 1590 mm
50 mm cmin = 50 mm
45 N/mm 2 fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
500 N/mm2 fy = 500 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2 Es = 200000 N/mm2
1.10 q = 1.10
1590 mm bt = 1590 mm
1158.71 mm a = 1158.71 mm
33541.02 N/mm2 Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
9024.00 mm2 As = 9024.00 mm2
0.0195 p = 0.0195
1026.71 mm d = 1026.71 mm
15972 N/mm 2 Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

10.00 m = 10.00
0.1953 m*p = 0.1953
0.459 x/d = 0.459
471.8 mm x = 471.8 mm
869.5 mm z = 869.5 mm
267.5 N/mm2 fs = 278.6 N/mm2
6.4 N/mm2 fcb 6.7 N/mm2
 0.0017 e1 = 0.0017

0.0000 0.0000
0.0017 0.0017

58.7 mm 58.7 mm

0.00125 0.00132

0.2167 mm Wcr = 0.2287 mm

> 0.2 mm > 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000
TB-8

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

38 38
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 1750 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 300 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 25 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 7771.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0168
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1026.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1682
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.436
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 447.3 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 877.6 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 256.6 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 5.6 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0016
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0016
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 58.7 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00107

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1859 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
750 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 4010 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 32 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 750 mm
Dia of member h = 2521 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2521 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 10990.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0142
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.1418
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.409
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 423.0 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 892.7 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = NOT O.K N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 8.4 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = #VALUE!
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 #VALUE!
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] #VALUE!

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = #VALUE! mm
#VALUE!
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
1500 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 15000 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 15 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 1500 mm
Dia of member h = 2600 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2600 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0256
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.2564
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.504
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 521.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 860.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = NOT O.K N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb NOT O.K N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = #VALUE!
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 #VALUE!
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] #VALUE!

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = #VALUE! mm
#VALUE!
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
900 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 7770 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 460 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 900 mm
Dia of member h = 2250 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2250 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0427
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.4274
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.591
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 611.1 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 830.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 235.4 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 13.6 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0015
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0015
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00131

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.2301 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
750 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 5470 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 280 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 750 mm
Dia of member h = 2250 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2250 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0513
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.5128
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.622
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 643.3 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 819.3 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 167.9 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 9.2 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0011
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0011
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00090

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1577 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
1200 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 11180 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 15 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 1200 mm
Dia of member h = 2600 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2600 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0321
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.3205
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.542
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 560.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 847.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 332.0 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 18.1 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0021
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0021
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00182

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.3195 mm
> 0.2 mm
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
750 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 4785 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 32 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 32 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 750 mm
Dia of member h = 2521 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 2521 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0513
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.5128
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.622
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 643.3 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 819.3 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 146.9 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 7.2 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0010
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0010
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00071

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1244 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 720 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0855
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.8547
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.707
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 731.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 790.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 22.9 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 1.6 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0002
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0002
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00008

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.0141 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 650 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 190 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0855
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.8547
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.707
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 731.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 790.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 20.7 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 1.4 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0001
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0001
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00005

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.0085 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 4785 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 280 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0855
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.8547
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.707
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 731.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 790.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 152.3 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 10.4 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0011
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0011
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00097

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.1687 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width - IS 456 : 2000

b ec=(fs/Ec)

d d h
m m
m fs/Es
m
m Cmin
m
acr
1e1

cmin = acr =
50

45 45
450 35 35

Serviciability State Moment, Ms = 485 kNm/m

Serviciability State Axial Force P = 75 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1st Layer f1 = 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs = 32 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2nd Layer f2 = 36 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar fs 36 mm
Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 3rd Layer f3 36 mm
Nominal Cover to 1 layer of reinforcement
st nc = 50 mm
Diameter of Link Bar Lbar 10 mm
Dia of member b = 450 mm
Dia of member h = 1590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 50 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 200000 N/mm2
Dist' from comp' face to the q = 1.10
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1
point at which the crack is
Widthcal'd,
being of section at centroid
Usually of tension reinforcement
'h' if crack bt = 1590 mm
on tension face (from labfill) a = 1158.71 mm
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 33541.02 N/mm2
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 39760.00 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0855
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-Lbar-f1/2 OR d=h-nc-Lbar-f1-fs/2 d = 1033.71 mm
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 15972 N/mm2

Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 10.00

therefore m*p = 0.8547
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.707
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 731.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 790.0 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (As*z)] should be < 0.8*fy fs = 15.4 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb=2Ms/(z*b*x) should be<0.45fck fcb 1.1 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0001
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/b*h) /Eeff ) 0.0000
Net effective Strain e'1 e'1 = e1 - e 2 0.0001
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face 59.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered
em = e'1 - [bt(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] 0.00002

SURFACE CRACK WIDTH

w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.0038 mm
=< 0.2 mm OK